A Manual of Parliamentary Practice SEC. V: Qualifications
by Thomas Jefferson
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years, and each Senator
shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The
seats of the Senators of the 1st class shall be vacated at the end of the 2d
year; of the 2d class at the expiration of the 4th year; and of the 3d class at
the expiration of the 6th year; so that one third may be chosen every second
year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of
the legislature of any state, the executive thereof may make temporary
appointments, until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill
such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator, who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be
chosen. Constitution I. 3.
The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every
second year by the people of the several states; and the electors in each state
shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch
of the state legislature.
No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age
of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be
chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several
states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective
numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free
persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and including
Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration
shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subsequent term often years, in such manner as
they shall be law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for
every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one
Representative. Constitution of the United States I. 2.
The provisional apportionments of Representatives made in the constitution
in 1787, and afterwards by Congress, were as follows:
1787
1793
1801
1813
New Hampshire,
3
4
5
6
Massachusetts,
8
14
17
20
Rhode Island,
1
2
2
2
Connecticut,
5
7
7
7
Vermont,
2
6
6
New-York,
6
10
17
27
Jersey,
4
5
6
6
Pennsylvania,
8
13
18
23
Delaware,
1
1
1
2
Maryland,
6
8
9
9
Virginia,
10
19
22
23
Kentucky,
2
3
10
Tennessee,
1
6
N. Carolina,
5
10
12
13
S. Carolina,
5
6
8
9
Georgia,
3
2
4
6
Ohio,
6
When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the executive
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
Constitution I. 2.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United
States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been
increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the United
States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.
Constitution I. 6.
