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15th Amendment
(3 February 1870)
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
Proposal and Ratification
The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States
was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the
Fortieth Congress, on the 26th of February, 1869, and was
declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated
March 30, 1870, to have been ratified by the legislatures of
twenty-nine of the thirty-seven States. The dates of ratification
were: Nevada, March 1, 1869; West Virginia, March 3, 1869;
Illinois, March 5, 1869; Louisiana, March 5, 1869; North
Carolina, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; Wisconsin,
March 9, 1869; Maine, March 11, 1869; Massachusetts, March 12,
1869; Arkansas, March 15, 1869; South Carolina, March 15, 1869;
Pennsylvania, March 25, 1869; New York, April 14, 1869 (and the
legislature of the same State passed a resolution January 5,
1870, to withdraw its consent to it, which action it rescinded on
March 30, 1970); Indiana, May 14, 1869; Connecticut, May 19,
1869; Florida, June 14, 1869; New Hampshire, July 1, 1869;
Virginia, October 8, 1869; Vermont, October 20, 1869; Missouri,
January 7, 1870; Minnesota, January 13, 1870; Mississippi,
January 17, 1870; Rhode Island, January 18, 1870; Kansas, January
19, 1870; Ohio, January 27, 1870 (after having rejected it on
April 30, 1869); Georgia, February 2, 1870; Iowa, February 3,
1870.
Ratification was completed on February 3, 1870, unless the
withdrawal of ratification by New York was effective; in which
event ratification was completed on February 17, 1870, when
Nebraska ratified.
The amendment was subsequently ratified by Texas, February 18,
1870; New Jersey, February 15, 1871 (after having rejected it on
February 7, 1870); Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having
rejected it on March 18, 1869); Oregon, February 24, 1959;
California, April 3, 1962 (after having rejected it on January
28, 1870); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having rejected it on
March 12, 1869).
The amendment was approved by the Governor of Maryland, May 7,
1973; Maryland having previously rejected it on February 26,
1870.
The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by
Tennessee, November 16, 1869.
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