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43 | Romans, under Aulus Plautius, invade and Britain becomes part of the Roman Empire |
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47 | Aulus Plautius is recalled to Rome, he is replaced as by Publius Ostorius Scapula |
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50 | The south-west of Britain (the Belgae and Atrebates tribes) is united under the kingship of Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus |
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51 | Caractacus, leader of British resistance to the Romans, is defeated by Ostorius Scapula |
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52 | Scapula dies while on campaign against the Silures in South Wales. He is replaced by Aulus Didius Gallus |
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57 | Aulus Didius Gallus replaced by Quintus Veranius |
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58 | Quintus Veranius Nepos dies after first campaign, replaced by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus |
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59 | Suetonius campaigns in South Wales |
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60 | Suetonius defeats Deceangli, and the Druids in Anglesey |
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61 | Suetonius relieved of command, replaced by Publius Petronius Turpilianus |
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61 | Boadicea leads the Iceni in revolt against the Romans |
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63 | Turpilianus replaced by Marcus Trebellius Maximus |
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69 | Mutiny of Roscius, Trebellius flees and Vitellius appoints Marcus Vettius Bolanus governor |
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71 | Bolanus relieved, Vespasian appoints Quintus Petillius Cerialis governor of Britain; Brigantes under Venutius defeated |
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74 | Cerialis replaced by Sextus Julius Frontinus |
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77 | Frontinus moves Legio II from Gloucester to Caerleon, defeats the Silures and attacks the Ordovices; establishes many forts and roads in Wales |
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78 | Vespasian replaces Frotinius with Gnaeus Julius Agricola; Agricola defeats the Ordovices and-Brigantes, and reaches the Tyne-Solway; occupation of the Scottish Lowlands |
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79 | Agricola marches into Scotland, advances by western route from Chester and York; north-west England consolidated by forts and garrisons |
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80 | Agricola advances north by eastern route as far as the Tay |
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81 | Agricola consolidates the Forth-Clyde line by establishing forts at Camelon, Croy Hill & Bar Hill |
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82 | Agricola advances along west coast from Solway Firth to Galloway peninsula and Ayrshire |
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83 | Defeat of the Caledonians at Mons |
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84 | Agricola recalled to Rome by Domitian; Sallustius Lucullus governor |
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86 | Legio II Adiutrix withdrawn from Chester in Britain and posted to Dacia |
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87 | Highlands of Scotland abandoned - northern Roman frontier along Clyde-Forth line |
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94 | Lucullus recalled by Domitian |
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96 | Publius Metilius Nepos is governor |
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97 | Tiberius Avidius Quietus governor |
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99 | Legionary fortress at Isca Silurum (Caerleon, Gwent) rebuilt in stone; Auxiliary forts in Scotland abandoned, and forts throughout Wales rebuilt in stone |
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101 | Lucius Neratius Marcellus appointed governor |
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103 | Legionary fortress at Deva (Chester, Cheshire) rebuilt in stone |
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105 | Lowlands of Scotland abandoned; new frontier under Trajan along the Stanegate |
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107 | Legionary fortress at Eburacum (York, North Yorkshire) rebuilt in stone |
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115 | Marcus Appius Bradua/Marcus Atiuis/Attillus Bradua governor of Britain |
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117 | Revolt of the Brigantes tribe in the north of Britain |
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118 | Appius Bradua replaced by Quintus Pompeius Falco |
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122 | Hadrian visits Britain bringing with him Legio VI Victrix (to replace the Ninth legion at York); Aulus Platorius Nepos as governor, construction of Hadrian's Wall begins |
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131 | Sextus Julius Severus appointed governor |
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133 | Severus replaced by Publius Mummius Sisenna |
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138 | Antoninus Pius appoints Quintus Lollius Urbicus governor |
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139 | Urbicus crushes a revolt of the Brigantes |
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140 | Building of Antonine Wall started |
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140 | Romans conquer Scotland |
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145 | Gnaeus Papirius Aelianus governor |
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155 | Rebellion of the Brigantes tribe in the north of Britain is quelled by governor Gaius Julius Verus; Antonine Wall abandoned and Hadrian's Wall reoccupied |
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158 | Longinus, Longus or Lentulus new governor of Britain |
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161 | Marcus Statius Priscus governor |
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163 | Sextus Calpurnius Agricola governor; unsuccessful campaigns in Scotland |
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169 | Quintus Antistius Adventus governor |
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178 | Caerellius Priscus governor of Britain |
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180 | Ulpius Marcellus appointed governor by Emperor Commodus |
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184 | Revolt in North Britain is suppressed by Ulpius Marcellus |
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185 | Publius Helvius Pertinax appointed governor by Commodus |
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186 | Pertinax suppresses mutiny of the armies in Britain |
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187 | Pertinax forced to resign, it is unknown who governed Britain next |
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192 | Decimus Clodius Albinus governor of Britain |
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193 | Clodius claims the imperial throne and is grudgingly recognised by Septimius Severus |
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196 | Clodius crosses to France, removing troops from Britain; northern tribes (the Maeatae) break through Hadrian's Wall |
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197 | Virius Lupus appointed governor by Severus |
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202 | Marcus Antius Crescens Calpurnianus is Iuridicus Britanniae ( 'Administrator of Justice for Britain') |
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202 | Gaius Valerius Pudens appointed governor |
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205 | Lucius Alfenus Senecio last governor of all Roman Britain |
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206 | Britain divided into two provinces - Britannia Prima in the south, and the military Britannia Secunda in the north |
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208 | Hadrian's Wall is reinforced during the governorship of Aufenus Senecio; Emperor Septimius Severus and his sons Caracalla and Geta arrive in Britain |
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209 | Severus and Caracalla campaign into central Scotland, the Caledonian tribes surrender |
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210 | The Maeatae revolt, second Scottish campaign of Severus |
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211 | Severus dies at York; Scotland evacuated |
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212 | Caracalla extends Roman citizenship to all free-born provincials |
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213 | Gaius Julius Marcus governor of Britannia Inferior
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215 | Colonial Eburacum (York, North Yorkshire); established under Caracalla |
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216 | Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Gordian I) governor of Britannia Inferior
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219 | Modius Julius appointed governor of Britannia Inferior by Elagabalus
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220 | Rufinus appointed governor of Britannia Superior; Tiberius Claudius Paulinus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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221 | Marius Valerianus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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223 | Tiberius Julius Pollienus Auspex appointed governor of Britannia Superior; Claudius Xenephon and Maximus serve as governor of Britannia Inferior |
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225 | Maximus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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235 | Caius Junius Faustinus Postumianus appointed governor of Britannia Superior; Claudius Apellinus , Calvisius Rufus and Valerius Crescens Fulvianus serve as governor of Britannia Inferior |
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237 | Tuccianus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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242 | Nonius Philippus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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244 | Maecilius Fuscus and Egnatius Lucilianus serve as governor of Britannia Inferior
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250 | Titus Desticius Juba appointed governor of Britannia Superior
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266 | Octavius Sabinus appointed governor of Britannia Inferior
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274 | Britain absorbed into the Gallic Empire of Postumus and his successors |
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275 | Increase in Saxon raids on south-east British coasts |
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282 | Beginning of the "Saxon Shore" fort system according to a document known as "Notitia Dignitatum" |
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287 | Revolt of Carausius the commander of the British fleet, declares himself Emperor of Britain and North Gaul |
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293 | Constantius appointed Caesar in the West, captures Boulogne from Carausius; Carausius is murdered by fellow rebel Allectus |
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296 | Allectus killed, Constantius recovers Britain; fortresses at Chester and York are rebuilt, along with several forts along the length of Hadrian's Wall |
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306 | Constantius, now emperor, and his son Constantine, campaign in Scotland. Constantius dies at York and Constantine is hailed Caesar in the West by the soldiers of Legio VI Victrix; office of Count of the Saxon Shore perhaps established now |
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306 | Constantine the Great declared Emperor at York |
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337 | Constantine dies; joint rule of Constantine's three sons: Constantine II (to 340); Constans (to 350); Constantius (to 361) |
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343 | Disturbances north of Hadrian's Wall; Constans campaigns in Britain and pacifies the Scottish tribes |
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350 | The Picts and Scots attack the border |
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353 | Magnentius removes more troops from Britain |
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360 | Emperor Julian sends Lupicinus to Britain as governor to repel raids by the Scots, the Attacotti, and the Picts |
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367 | Nectaridus the Count of the Saxon Shore in Britain is killed; Fullofordes, Duke of Britain is routed and flees to the continent |
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369 | Roman general Theodosius drives the Picts and Scots out of Roman Britain; a fifth British province, Velantia, is established in the Scottish Borders |
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383 | Magnus Maximus governor of Britain, revolts and defeats the forces sent by Gratian, taking control of Gaul and Spain |
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388 | Maximus occupies Rome, is defeated in battle by Theodosius and beheaded; Britains loses valuable troops |
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395 | Theodosius dies, leaving his son Honorius, emperor in the West |
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396 | The Roman general, Stilicho (acting regent during Honorius' minority), reorganises British defenses |
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400 | End of Hadrian's Wall |
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401 | Stilicho recalls troops from Britain to defend Italy against the Visigoth Alaric; : Anglo Saxons migrants begin to settle |
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406 | In early January a barbarian force consisting of the Suevi, Alans, Vandals & Burgundians sweeps into central Gaul, severing contact between Rome and Britain; in autumn, the remaining Roman army in Britain decided to mutiny - one Marcus was proclaimed emperor in Britain, but was immediately assassinated |
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407 | The usurper Constantine III, withdraws the remaining Roman legion (the Second Augusta) and crosses over into Gaul |
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408 | Devastating attacks by the Picts, Scots and Saxons |
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410 | Britons appeal for help to emperor Honorius, Honorius informs Britain to 'look to its own defences' |
