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1066 | Edward the Confessor dies 1 May; Harold II crowned 1 June; Harold killed in Battle of Hastings on 14 October; William I, the Conqueror, crowned 25 Dec. GO ! |
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1066 | Edgar the Atheling mounts brief rebellion, is put down by William I |
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1068 | Nationalist risings in the north and west of England crushed by William I |
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1069 | William forces the Scottish king, Malcolm III, to submit to him as superior |
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1070 | Rising in Ely under Hereward |
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1087 | William the Conqueror dies; succeeded by William II "Rufus" in England and Robert in Normandy GO ! |
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1091 | Treaty of Caen between William II and Robert of Normandy |
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1092 | William II conquers Cumberland |
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1093 | Malcom of Scotland killed during invasion of England; succeeded by his brother Donald Bane |
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1096 | Start of the First Crusade with Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tancred, nephew of Robert Guiscard |
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1097 | Edgar, son of Malcom, becomes King of Scotland |
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1100 | William Rufus killed accidentally by Sir Walter Tyrel in the New Forest; succeeded by Henry I GO ! |
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1101 | Treaty of Alton; Robert of Normandy is bought off after invading England |
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1103 | Magnus III of Norway invades Ireland and is killed |
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1107 | Edgar of Scotland dies; succeeded by his brother Alexander I |
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1109 | Anglo-French war |
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1120 | Peace between Henry I of England and Louis VI of France |
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1120 | Disaster of the "White Ship"; the only legitimate son of Henry I of England drowned off Harfleur |
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1122 | Henry I creates earldom of Gloucester for his illegitimate son Robert of Caen |
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1124 | Alexander I of Scotland dies; suceeded by David I |
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1126 | The Eng. barons accept Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V and daughter of Henry I of England, as successor to Henry I GO ! |
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1135 | King Henry I of England dies; succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Boulogne, a grandson of William the Conqueror GO ! |
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1136 | Matilda asserts her right to the Eng. throne |
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1137 | Gruffydd, Prince of North Wales, dies; succeeded by Owain the Great |
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1139 | Matilda lands at Arundel: civil war in England GO ! |
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1141 | Matilda proclaimed queen at Winchester |
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1144 | Geoffrey Plantagenet completes the conquest of Normandy |
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1152 | Geoffrey Plantagenet's heir Henry invades England |
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1153 | David I of Scotland dies; succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV |
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1153 | The Treaty of Westminster allows Stephen to remain as king but names Henry as his heir |
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1154 | Stephen dies; Henry II, King of England; from now till 1485 the House of Plantagenet rules England GO ! |
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1155 | Pope Hadrian IV bestows Ireland on Henry II |
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1155 | Henry II abolishes fiscal earldoms and restores royal demesne |
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1163 | Quarrel starts between Henry II and Thomas à Becket |
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1164 | Becket flees to France |
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1164 | Constitutions of Clarendon GO ! |
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1165 | Malcolm IV dies; succeeded by his brother William the Lion |
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1170 | Although Henry II and Becket formally reconciled, Becket returns to Canterbury and is murdered by four Norman knights |
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1172 | Queen Eleanor raises Aquitaine against Henry II |
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1172 | Reconciliation between Henry II and the Pope |
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1173 | Queen Eleanor imprisoned |
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1174 | Henry II does penance at Canterbury for murder of Becket |
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1177 | Treaty of Ivry between Henry II and Louis VII |
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1189 | King Henry II of England dies; succeeded by Richard I, Coeur-de-Lion GO ! |
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1189 | Third Crusade |
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1191 | Richard I conquers Cyprus and sells it to the Templars |
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1192 | Richard I returns from the Crusade and is captured by Leopold, Duke of Austria |
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1193 | Richard is handed over to Henry VI and imprisoned |
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1194 | Richard I is released and crowned for the second time |
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1199 | King Richard I, Coeur-de-Lion, killed at a siege in France; succeeded by King John (Lackland), the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine GO ! |
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1200 | Peace of Le Goulet between England and France
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1204 | King John loses Normandy to France |
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1209 | King John invades Scotland and is excommunicated |
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1213 | Council of St. Albans, precursor of Parliament |
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1213 | King John of England submits to the Pope, making England and Ireland papal fiefs |
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1215 | King John seals Magna Carta at Runnymede GO ! |
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1216 | King John dies; succeeded by Henry III GO ! |
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1218 | Peace of Worcester between Henry III and Wales
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1220 | Henry III crowned at Westminster |
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1224 | Anglo-French war |
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1225 | Magna Carta reissued for third time in definitive form |
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1227 | Henry III declares himself of age |
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1227 | Truce in Anglo-Fr. war |
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1240 | Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Snowdon |
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1240 | Crusade of Richard of Cornwall and Simon de Montfort to Jaffa |
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1240 | Border fixed between England and Scotland |
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1240 | Five-year truce between England and France |
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1257 | Llywelyn assumes the title Prince of Wales, and establishes peace between England and Wales |
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1258 | Establishment of House of Commons ("Provisions of Oxford") GO ! |
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1264 | Simon de Montfort defeats Henry III at the Battle of Lewes |
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1272 | Henry III of England dies; succeeded by Edward I GO ! |
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1274 | Edward I crowned at Westminster |
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1277 | England annexes Wales |
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1286 | Alexander III of Scotland dies; succeeded by his infant niece Margaret, "the Maid of Norway", under six guardians |
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1291 | Scottish nobles allow King Edward of England to select the next Scottish King and declare allegiance to the English crown |
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1292 | Scottish throne to John Baliol |
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1295 | Alliance between France and Scotland |
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1296 | John Baliol resigns Scot crown to Edward I |
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1296 | Scot. coronation stone moved from Scone to Westminster |
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1297 | William Wallace and the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge |
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1298 | King Edward defeats William Wallace at the Battle of Falkirk, retaining his hold on Scotland |
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1300 | Edward I invades Scotland
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1301 | Edward I's son made Prince of Wales
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1302 | Anglo-Scot. truce
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1305 | William Wallace is captured and executed for treason |
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1306 | Robert Bruce crowned King of Scots and defeated by the English at Methuen and Dalry
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1307 | Edward I dies; succeeded by Edward II
GO ! |
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1308 | Coronation of Edward II
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1311 | English barons force King Edward II to appoint "lord ordainers", and slowly transfer power away from him
GO ! |
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1314 | Robert Bruce defeats Edward II at Bannockburn |
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1316 | Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland
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1318 | Edward Bruce killed in Battle of Faughart
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1323 | Edward II of England signs a truce with Robert the Bruce
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1327 | Edward II, deposed by Parliament and murdered at Berkeley Castle, is succeed by Edward III
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1329 | David II, King of Scots
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1332 | Edward Baliol, crowned King of Scots, recognises Edward III of overlord
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1332 | First record of Parliament divided into two houses
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1337 | Beginning of the Hundred Years' War
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1338 | Alliance of Coblenz between Louis IV and Edward III
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1348 | Edward III founds the Order of the Garter
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1359 | Treaty of London restores Fr. possessions once held by Henry II of England to Eng. crown
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1360 | Treaty of Calais between Edward III and Philip of Burgundy
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1366 | English Parliament refuses to pay feudal dues to the pope
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1371 | Robert II, King of Scots: accession of the House of Stewart
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1375 | Truce of Bruges between England and France
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1376 | The Black Prince dies
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1377 | Edward III dies; succeeded by his grandson Richard II
GO ! |
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1378 | Renewal of Anglo-Fr. war
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1381 | Anglo-Fr. truce for six years
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1381 | Peasants' Revolt in England under Wat Tyler
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1384 | Anglo-Scot. war renewed
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1385 | Anglo-Fr. war renewed
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1389 | Truce between England, Scotland, and France
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1390 | Robert III, King of Scots
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1395 | Irish rulers do homage to Richard II, receive amnesty
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1396 | Richard II of England marries Isabella of France at Calais; Anglo-Fr. truce extended to 28 years
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1399 | Richard II deposed: Henry of Lancaster, son of John of Gaunt, succeeds to the throne as Henry IV
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1400 | Richard II murdered GO ! |
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1400 | Henry IV suppresses rebellion of the barons |
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1413 | Henry IV dies; succeeded by his son Henry V |
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1419 | Henry allies with Philip II of Burgundy |
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1420 | Treaty of Troyes; Henry V, recognised by Charles VI as heir apparent to the French throne, marries Catherine of France and enters Paris |
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1422 | Henry V of England dies; succeeded by nine-month-old Henry VI |
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1423 | James I of Scotland released by the English |
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1428 | Treaty of Delft: peace between England and Flanders |
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1428 | Joan of Arc leads Fr. armies against England |
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1429 | Henry VI crowned at Westminster |
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1431 | Henry VI of England crowned King of France in Paris |
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1437 | James I murdered at Perth; succeeded by James II |
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1438 | Nine-years' truce between England and Scotland |
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1448 | Anglo-Scot. war renewed, Lancaster and York forming the two rival groups in England |
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1449 | English break truce with France, capture Fougères |
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1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion in England |
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1453 | End of Hundred years' War between England and France |
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1454 | Richard, Duke of York, named "Protector of England" during insanity for Henry VI; Edward, son of Henry, named Prince of Wales |
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1455 | Duke of York, excluded from Council, defeats royal forces at St. Albans, May, and becomes again "Protector": Beginning of the Wars of the Roses |
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1459 | Renewal of civil war in England |
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1460 | James II of Scotland dies; succeeded by James III |
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1461 | Edward, son of Richard of York, crowned Edward IV, King of England |
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1464 | Peace between England and Scotland |
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1471 | Edward IV, King of England, defeats and kills Richard, Earl of Warwick at Barnet, defeats Queen Margaret and kills Prince Edward at Tewkesbury, and enters London; Henry VI murdered in the Tower |
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1483 | Edward IV of England dies; succeeded by his son young Edward V |
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1483 | Edward V and his brother disappear, probably murdered by their uncle, Richard of Gloucester, who claims the throne as Richard III |
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1485 | Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond defeats and kills Richard III; succeeds as Henry VII; starts Tudor dynasty |
