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1453 | End of Hundred years' War between England and France |
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1456 | The trial of Joan of Arc annulled |
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1461 | Charles VII of France dies; succeeded by Louis XI |
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1467 | Philip II of Burgundy dies; succeeded by Charles the Bold |
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1482 | Peace of Arras between Louis XI and Hapsburgs |
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1483 | Louis XI of France dies; succeeded by Charles VIII |
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1492 | Charles VIII takes control of affairs in France |
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1492 | Peace of Etaples: France expels Warbeck and pays England an indemnity of £159,000 |
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1493 | The first Bundschuh (peasants' revolt) in Alsace and south-west Germany |
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1494 | Charles VIII begins invasion of Italy, enters Florence, deposes Piero de'Medici, and enters Rome; Pope Alexander VI takes refuge in Castel Sant' Angelo |
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1495 | Charles VIII enters Naples, is crowned King of Naples, then retreats toward northern Italy |
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1495 | Pope Alexander VI forms Holy League which aims at expelling Charles VIII from Italy; its forces defeated at Battle of Fornovo, the Holy League ends; Charles VIII returns to France |
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1495 | Peace between France and the allies, with Lodovico Sforza as agent, foreshadows idea of balance of power in European politics |
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1498 | Charles VIII of France dies; succeeded by his cousin, Louis XII, Duke of Orleans |
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1499 | Partition of Milan: Lodovico Sforza flees, French take Milan; Louis XIII enters the city |
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1501 | French enter Rome; the Pope declares Louis XII King of Naples |
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1501 | Peace of Trent between France and Emperor Maximilian I |
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1504 | Treaty of Lyons - divides Italy between France (north) and Spain (south) |
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1504 | Treaty of Blois - gives France control of Milan |
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1508 | The League of Cambrai formed by Margaret of Austria, the Cardinal of Rouen, and Ferdinand of Aragon for purpose of despoiling Venice |
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1509 | Pope Julius II joins League of Cambrai and excommunicates Venetian Republic; France declares war on Venice |
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1511 | Pope Julius II forms Holy League with Venice and Aragon to drive the French out of Italy |
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1513 | Treaty of Mechlin: Maximilian I, Henry VIII, the pope, and Ferdinand of Aragon agree to invade France |
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1514 | Anglo-Fr. truce |
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1515 | Louis XII of France dies; succeeded by his nephew Francis I |
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1515 | Anglo-Fr. peace treaty signed |
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1516 | Concordat of Bologna between Pope Leo X and Francis I; France secures internal independence in ecclesiastical appointments |
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1516 | Treaty of Freiburg; perpetual peace between France and the Swiss |
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1518 | Peace of London between England, France, Emperor Maximilian I, the pope, and Spain |
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1525 | Germans and Spanish defeat French and Swiss at Pavia: Charles V becomes master of Italy |
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1525 | Peace signed between England and France |
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1529 | Treaty of Cambrai between Francis I and Charles V ("Ladies Peace"), joined by England |
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1547 | Francis I of France dies; succeeded by his son Henry II |
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1558 | French retake Calais |
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1559 | King Henry II of France killed in a tournament; succeeded by his son Francis II, whose wife Mary, Queen of Scots, assumes title Queen of England |
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1560 | King Francis II of France dies; succeeded by Charles IX with Catherine de'Medici, his mother, as regent |
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1561 | Edict of Orleans suspends persecution of Huguenots |
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1562 | The Wars of Religion begin |
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1563 | Charles IX of France (at 13) is declared of age |
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1564 | Peace of Troyes ends war between England and France |
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1568 | Treaty of Longjumeau ends second War of Religion in France |
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1570 | Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye ends third civil war in France; Huguenots gain amnesty |
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1571 | Reconciliation between Charles IX of France and Huguenots |
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1572 | Massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew's Eve in Paris |
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1572 | Fourth War of Religion begins in France |
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1573 | Henry, Duke of Anjou, elected King of Poland; returns to France to succeed his brother Charles IX |
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1573 | Fourth Fr. War of Religion ends; Huguenots granted an amnesty |
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1574 | Charles IX of France dies; succeeded by his brother Henry III, King of Poland |
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1574 | Fifth French War of Religion |
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1575 | King Henry III of France crowned at Rheims |
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1577 | Henry of Navarre recognised head of Huguenot party |
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1577 | Sixth Fr. War of Religion breaks out |
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1577 | Peace of Bergerac ends sixth War of Religion |
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1580 | Seventh Fr. War of Religion breaks out |
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1585 | Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England decline sovereignty of the Netherlands; but Elizabeth takes the Netherlands under her protection |
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1588 | Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother Louis, Cardinal of Guise, assassinated by order of Henry III; another brother, the Duke of Mayenne, becomes leader of Catholic League |
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1589 | Henry III, King of France, last of the house of Valois, assassinated; on his deathbed he recognises Henry, King of Navarre, as his successor, who, as Henry IV, is the first Burbon to become King of France |
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1590 | Catholic League proclaims Cardinal de Bourbon King Charles X of France in Jan; he dies in May |
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1591 | Henry IV of France excommunicated by Pope Gregory XIV |
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1593 | Henry IV becomes a Roman Catholic, hearing Mass at St. Denis: "Paris is well worth a mass" |
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1594 | Henry IV, having been crowned King of France at Chartres, enters Paris |
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1595 | Henry IV declares war on Spain |
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1595 | Pope Clement VIII absolves Henry IV, recognising him as King of France |
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1596 | Decrees of Folembray end war of Catholic League in France |
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1597 | Philip II opens peace talks with Henry IV |
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1598 | Treaty of Ponts de Cé ends civil war in France |
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1598 | Peace of Vervins: Philip II resigns claim to Fr. crown; country united under Henry IV as single sovereign |
