Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation, Book V Chapter XII
by Venerable Bede
OF ONE AMONG THE NORTHUMBRIANS, WHO ROSE FROM THE DEAD, AND RELATED THE THINGS WHICH HE
HAD SEEN, SOME EXCITING TERROR AND OTHERS DELIGHT. [A.D. 696.]
AT this time a memorable miracle, and like to those of former days, was wrought in
Britain; for, to the end that the living might be saved from the death of the soul, a
certain person, who had been some time dead, rose again to life, and related many
remarkable things he had seen; some of which I have thought fit here briefly to take
notice of. There was a master of a family in that district of the Northumbrians which is
called Cuningham, who led a religious life, as did also all that belonged to him. This man
fell sick, and his distemper daily increasing, being brought to extremity, he died in the
beginning of the night; but in the morning early, he suddenly came to life again, and sat
up, upon which all those that sat about the body weeping, fled away in a great fright,
only his wife, who loved him best, though in a great consternation and trembling, remained
with him. He, comforting her, said, "Fear not, for I am now truly risen from death,
and permitted again to live among men; however, I am not to live hereafter as I was wont,
but from henceforward after a very different manner." Then rising immediately, be
repaired to the oratory of the little town, and continuing in prayer till day, immediately
divided all his substance into three parts; one whereof he gave to his wife, another to
his children, and the third, belonging to himself, he instantly distributed among the
poor. Not long after, he repaired to the monastery of Melrose, which is almost enclosed by
the winding of the river Tweed, and having been shaven, went into a private dwelling,
which the abbot had provided, where he continued till the day of his death, in such
extraordinary contrition of mind and body, that though his tongue had been silent, his
life declared that he had seen many things either to be dreaded or coveted, which others
knew nothing of.
Thus he related what he had seen. "He that led me had a shining countenance and a
bright garment, and we went on silently, as I thought, towards the north-east. Walking on,
we came to a vale of great breadth and depth, but of infinite length; on the left it
appeared full of dreadful flames, the other side was no less horrid for violent hail and
cold snow flying in all directions; both places were full of men's souls, which seemed by
turns to be tossed from one side to the other, as it were by a violent storm; for when the
wretches could no longer endure the excess of heat, they leaped into the middle of the
cutting cold; and finding no rest there, they leaped back again into the middle of the
unquenchable flames. Now whereas an innumerable multitude of deformed spirits were thus
alternately tormented far and near, as far as could be seen, without any intermission, I
began to think that this perhaps might be hell, of whose intolerable flames I had often
heard talk. My guide, who went before me, answered to my thought, saying, 'Do not believe
so, for this is not the hell you imagine.'
"When he had conducted me, much frightened with that horrid spectacle, by degrees,
to the farther end, on a sudden I saw the place begin to grow dusk and filled with
darkness. When I came into it, the darkness, by degrees, grew so thick, that I could see
nothing besides it and the shape and garment of him that led me. As we went on through the
shades of night, on a sudden there appeared before us frequent globes of black flames,
rising as it were out of a great pit, and falling back again into the same. When I had
been conducted thither, my leader suddenly vanished, and left me alone in the midst of
darkness and this horrid vision, whilst those same globes of fire, without intermission,
at one time flew up and at another fell back into the bottom of the abyss; and I observed
that all the flames, as they ascended, were full of human souls, which, like sparks flying
up with smoke, were sometimes thrown on high, and again, when the vapor of the fire
ceased, dropped down into the depth below. Moreover, an insufferable stench came forth
with the vapors, and filled all those dark places.
Having stood there a long time in much dread, not knowing what to do, which way to
turn, or what end I might expect, on a sudden I heard behind me the noise of a most
hideous and wretched lamentation, and at the same time a loud laughing, as of a rude
multitude insulting captured enemies. When that noise, growing plainer, came up to me, I
observed a gang of evil spirits dragging the howling and lamenting souls of men into the
midst of the darkness, whilst they themselves laughed and rejoiced. Among those men, as I
could discern, there was one shorn like a clergyman, a layman, and a woman. The evil
spirits that dragged them went down into the midst of the burning pit; and as they went
down deeper, I could no longer distinguish between the lamentation of the men and the
laughing of the devils, yet I still had a confused sound in my ears. In the meantime, some
of the dark spirits ascended from that flaming abyss, and running forward, beset me on all
sides, and much perplexed me with their glaring eyes and the stinking fire which proceeded
from their mouths and nostrils; and threatened to lay hold on me with burning tongs, which
they had in their hands, yet they durst not touch me, though they frightened me. Being
thus on all sides enclosed with enemies and darkness, and looking about on every side for
assistance, there appeared behind me, on the way that I came, as it were, the brightness
of a star shining amidst the darkness; which increased by degrees, and came rapidly
towards me: when it drew near, all those evil spirits, that sought to carry me away with
their tongs, dispersed and fled.
"He, whose approach put them to flight, was the same that led me before; who, then
turning towards the right began to lead me, as it were, towards the south-east, and having
soon brought me out of the darkness, conducted me into an atmosphere of clear light. While
he thus led me in open light, I saw a vast wall before us, the length and height of which,
in every direction, seemed to be altogether boundless. I began to wonder why we went to
the wall, seeing no door, window, or path through it. When we came to the wall, we were
presently, I know not by what means, on the top of it, and within it was a vast and
delightful field, so full of fragrant flowers that the odor of its delightful sweetness
immediately dispelled the stink of the dark furnace, which had pierced me through and
through. So great was the light in this place, that it seemed to exceed the brightness of
the day, or the sun in its meridian height. In this field were innumerable assemblies of
men in white, and many companies seated together rejoicing. As he led me through the midst
of those happy inhabitants, I began to think that this might, perhaps, be the kingdom of
heaven, of which I had often heard so much. He answered to my thought, saying, This is not
the kingdom of heaven, as you imagine.'
"When we had passed those mansions of blessed souls and gone farther on, I
discovered before me a much more beautiful light, and therein heard sweet voices of
persons singing, and so wonderful a fragrancy proceeded from the place, that the other
which I had before thought most delicious, then seemed to me but very indifferent; even as
that extraordinary brightness of the flowery field, compared with this, appeared mean and
inconsiderable. When I began to hope we should enter that delightful place, my guide on a
sudden stood still; and then turning back, led me back by the way we came.
"When we returned to those joyful mansions of the souls in white, he said to me,
'Do you know what all these things are which you have seen?' I answered. I did not; and
then he replied, 'That vale you saw so dreadful for consuming flames and cutting cold, is
the place in which the souls of those are tried and punished, who, delaying to confess and
amend their crimes, at length have recourse to repentance at the point of death, and so
depart this life; but nevertheless because they, even at their death, confessed and
repented, they shall all be received into the kingdom of heaven at the day of judgment;
but many are relieved before the day of judgment, by the prayers, alms, and fasting, of
the living, and more especially by masses. That fiery and stinking pit, which you saw, is
the mouth of hell, into which whosoever falls shall never be delivered to all eternity.
This flowery place, in which you see these most beautiful young people, so bright and
merry, is that into which the souls of those are received who depart the body in good
works, but who are not so perfect as to deserve to be immediately admitted into the
kingdom of heaven; yet they shall all, at the day of judgment, see Christ, and partake of
the joys of his kingdom; For whoever are perfect in thought, word and deed, as soon is
they depart the body, immediately enter into the kingdom of heaven; in the neighborhood,
whereof that place is, where you heard the sound of sweet singing, with the fragrant odor
and bright light. As for you, who are now to return to your body, and live among men
again, if you will endeavor nicely to examine your actions, and direct your speech and
behavior in righteousness and simplicity, you shall, after death, have a place or
residence among these joyful troops of blessed souls; for when I left you for a while, it
was to know how you were to be disposed of.' When he had said this to me, I much abhorred
returning to my body, being delighted with the sweetness and beauty of the place I beheld,
and with the company of those I saw in it. However, I durst not ask him any questions; but
in the meantime, on a sudden, I found myself alive among men."
Now these and other things which this man of God saw, he would not relate to slothful
persons and such as lived negligently; but only to those who, being terrified with the
dread of torments, or delighted with the hopes of heavenly joys, would make use of his
words to advance in piety. In the neighborhood of his cell lived one Hemgils, a monk,
eminent in the priesthood, which he honored by his good works: he is still living, and
leading a solitary life in Ireland, supporting his declining age with coarse bread and
cold water. He often went to that man, and asking several questions, heard of him all the
particulars of what he had seen when separated from his body; by whose relation we also
came to the knowledge of those few particulars which we have briefly set down. He also
related his visions to King Alfrid, a man most learned in all respects, and was by him so
willingly and attentively heard, that at his request he was admitted into the monastery
above mentioned, and received the monastic tonsure; and the said king, when he happened to
be in those parts, very often went to hear him. At that time the religious and humble
abbot and priest, Ethelwald, presided over the monastery, and now with worthy conduct
possesses the episcopal see of the church of Lindisfarne.
He had a more private place of residence assigned him in that monastery, where he might
apply himself to the service of his Creator in continual prayer. And as that place lay on
the bank of the river, he was wont often to go into the same to do penance in his body,
and many times to dip quite under the water, and to continue saying psalms or prayers in
the same as long as he could endure it, standing still sometimes up to the middle, and
sometimes to the neck in water; and when he went out from thence ashore, he never took off
his cold and frozen garments till they grew warm and dry on his body. And when in the
winter the half-broken pieces of ice were swimming about him, which he had himself broken,
to make room to stand or dip himself in the river, those who beheld it would say, "It
is wonderful, brother Dritheim (for so he was called), that you are able to endure such
violent cold; " he simply answered, for he was a man of much simplicity and in
different wit, "I have seen greater cold." And when they said, "It is
strange that you will endure such austerity;" he replied, "I have seen more
austerity." Thus he continued, through an indefatigable desire of heavenly bliss, to
subdue his aged body with daily fasting, till the day of his being called away; and thus
he forwarded the salvation of many by his words and example.