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Index by Period
19th Century
(1800 - 1900)
One of the most striking results of the French and German illumination
was the nationalization of philosophy. During the Middle Ages
Latin was the language of the scientific world, and even long after
most of the manners and customs of the Middle Ages had disappeared it
continued to be the language in which philosophical treatises were
composed. Contemporaneously with the rise of the deistic controversy in
England and the spread of the illumination in France and Germany, Latin
was discarded and philosophy began to speak in the vernacular. The
result of this change was that philosophy ceased to be cosmopolitan in
character, and racial and national traits, which had always been
distinguishable, became more strongly marked. Hence we have, during the
nineteenth century, German, English, French, Scotch, and
Italian philosophy, each possessing its distinctly national
characteristics. It will, therefore, be found more convenient from this
point onward to follow philosophy in its national development, and to
treat the history of philosophy according to nations rather than
according to schools and systems. [1]
[1] For the history of the philosophy of the nineteenth century
consult, besides the works already referred to on p. 422, Royce, The
Spirit of Modern Philosophy (Boston, 1892); Burt, History of
Modern Philosophy (2 vols., Chicago, 1892), Griggs's
Philosophical Classics, edited by Morris; Series of Modern
Philosophers, edited by Sneath; The Library of Philosophy,
edited by Muirhead.
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