| Among the old painters who were much alarmed by the praises so
deservedly bestowed upon Cimabue and Giotto was one Margaritone,
a painter of Arezzo, who having held a high rank among those who
practised the art in that unhappy age became aware that the works
of these new men would almost entirely eclipse his fame. He had
been considered excellent by the other painters of his time who
worked in the old Greek style, and had painted many pictures in
Arezzo, both in tempera and fresco. For the church of S. Margherita
he painted a work on canvas stretched on a panel, in which are
many pictures containing little figures representing stories from
the lives of our Lady and the saints; and the picture is noteworthy
not only because the little figures are painted so well that they
seem to be miniatures, but also because it is a marvel to see
a work on canvas that has been preserved three hundred years. He
made a great number of pictures all over the city, and having
painted on wood a large crucifix in the Greek style, he sent it
to Florence to the famous citizen Farinata degli Uberti, because
he had, among his other great works, saved his country from danger
and ruin. Afterwards he gave himself to sculpture with so much
application that he succeeded much better than he had in painting.
He died at the age of seventy seven, disgusted, it is said, with
life, because he had seen the age change so much and new artists
obtain honour.
Andrea Tafi for his works in mosaic was greatly admired, and he
himself was considered almost divine; but Gaddo the Florentine,
who worked with him at Pisa, showed more knowledge of design,
and perhaps this arose from his friendship with Cimabue. For either
through conformity of nature or the goodness of their hearts,
they were united in a close attachment, and while discoursing
lovingly together over the difficulties of their art, the noblest
and greatest conceptions were ever in their mihds. And this so
much the more because they were aided by the subtle air of Florence,
which is wont to produce ingenious and subtle spirits. For those
who are studying any science find that by conferring together
they clear it from obscurity and make it more easy. But some
on the contrary have wickedly made a profession of friendship
with specious appearance of love, only in malice and envy to defraud
others of their conceptions. True love, however, bound together
Gaddo and Cimabue, and also Andrea Tafi and Gaddo. Andrea took
him to aid him in the mosaics of S. Giovanni, and afterwards he
worked alone and applied himself to the study of the Greek manner,
together with that of Cimabue. So his fame being spread abroad,
he was called to Rome and to other cities. Afterwards returning
to Florence for rest after his labours, he set himself to making
little tablets of mosaic, some of which he made of eggshells,
with incredible patience and diligence. He painted also many pictures
maintaining his reputation, but because the manner of painting
in those times cannot greatly help artists, I will pass them over
in silence. Gaddo lived seventy three years, dying in 1312, and
was honourably buried in S. Croce by Taddeo his son, and although
he had many sons, Taddeo, who had been held at the font by Giotto,
alone applied himself to painting, learning the rudiments from
his father and the rest from Giotto, who was his master four and
twenty years. He, surpassing his fellow scholars, produced his
first works with a facility given him by nature rather than by
art. He was indeed an imitator of Giotto's manner, whom he always
held in the greatest veneration.
At the command of the commune he continued the building of Orsanmichele,
begun by Arnolfo di Lapo, and repaired the pillars of the loggia,
building them of well-hewn stone where they had first been made
of brick, yet without altering the design that Arnolfo di Lapo
had left for a palace of two storeys over the loggia, for storing
the grain of the people and commune of Florence. And that the
work might be finished, the Guild of S. Maria, which had the charge
of the building, gave orders that the tax on the sale of grain
and other little customs should go towards it. But what was of
more importance, it was ordained with great wisdom that each of
the guilds of Florence should make a pillar and set up in a niche
in it the patron saint of the guild, and every year on the feastday
the consuls of the guild should go there for offerings, setting
up their standard and standing by the pillar the whole day, but
the offerings given to the Madonna should still be for the help
of those in need.
In the year 1333 a great flood of waters swept away the defences
of the bridge Rubaconte, overthrew the castle Altafronte, and
left nothing of the old bridge but the two middle piers. The bridge
of the Holy Trinity was altogether destroyed except one pier,
which was left in a shattered state; and half the bridge at Carraja
was swept away, the sluices of Ogni Santi bursting. So those who
had the rule of the city deliberated upon this matter, and not
being willing that those who lived on the other side of the Arno
should be subjected to such discomfort as to have to pass to and
from their houses by boats, they called for Taddeo Gaddo and bade
him make a model and design for rebuilding the old bridge, charging
him to make it as handsome and fine as could be. He therefore,
sparing neither expense nor trouble, built it with great piers
and with magnificent arches of hewn stone, so that to this day
it bears the weight of twenty two shops on each side, in all forty four,
to the great advantage of the commune, which receives from them
every year eight hundred florins for rent. For this work, which
cost sixty thousand gold florins, Taddeo deserved infinite praise
then, and is more to be commended now than ever, for, not to speak
of other floods, it remained unmoved on the 13th day of September,
1537, when the water brought down the bridge of the Holy Trinity,
two arches of the Carraja bridge, ruined a great part of the Rubaconte,
besides doing other notable damage. And indeed no one of any judgment
can fail to be astonished and to marvel that this old bridge should
have sustained unmoved the shock of the water, the drift wood,
and the ruins swept down from above.
Taddeo, however, did not cease from painting, and made a great
number of pictures of importance both in Florence and elsewhere;
and in process of time he gained so much wealth that he laid the
foundation of the riches and nobility of the family, being always
held to be a wise man and prudent. He painted the chapter house
of S. Maria Novella, being called to the work by the prior of
the place. But because the work was great, and the chapterhouse
of Santo Spirito had been by that time uncovered, to the great
fame of Simone Memmi who had painted it, the prior desired to
give Simone half of the work, and conferring with Taddeo about
it, found him right content, for he loved Simone greatly, they
having been schoolfellows together under Giotto, and ever loving
friends and companions. Oh, truly noble souls! without emulation
or envy, loving one another like brothers, and rejoicing each
one at the honour and praise of the other, as if it were his own!
So the work was divided between them, three sides being given
to Simone, and to Taddeo the left side and all the ceiling.
So Taddeo, having procured to himself by his industry and labours
not only a name but also great riches, passed to the other life,
leaving him his sons Agnolo and Giovanni, and that Agnolo particularly
would become of in painting. But he who in his youth shoed signs
of far surpassing his father, did not succeed according to the
opinion that had been conceived of him, for having been born and
brought up in ease, which has often proved an impediment to study,
he gave himself more to trade and merchandise than to the art
of painting, which thing should not be thought either new or strange,
for avarice has often hindered many who would have risen to great
heights if the desire of gain in their first and better years
had not impeded their way. Nevertheless he worked as the caprice
took him, sometimes with more care and sometimes with less, and
having in a sense inherited the secret of working in mosaic, having
also in his house the instruments and other things that Gaddo
his grandfather had used, he for pastime, when it seemed good
to him, made some things in mosaic. Thus many of his works may
be seen in Florence, at which he laboured much to own profit,
though he worked rather for sake of doing as his fathers had done
than for the love of it, his mind going after merchandise; and
when his sons, refusing to be painters, gave themselves up wholly
to trade, establishing a house at Venice in partnership with their
father, he worked no more at his art, except for his pleasure.
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