Erasmus: Proverbs or Adagies, trans. by Richard Taverner
RP :
Melanchthon: De officio principum
ST :
Olaus Magnus: map of the world
DL :
First Christmas tree, at Strasbourg Cathedral
DL :
A public lottery held in France
1540
PH :
Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves; marriage annulled by the convocation of Canterbury and York; Henry marries Catherine Howard, his fifth wife
PH :
Treaty between Venice and Turkey signed at Constantinople
PH :
Afghan rebel Sher Shah becomes Emperor of Delhi
RP :
Order of the Jesuits confirmed by Pope Paul III
ED :
Henry VIII founds regius professorships of Greek, Hebrew, divinity, civil law, and physics ast Oxford and Cambridge
RP :
Augustinus Steuchus: De perenni philosophia
ST :
Ether produced from alcohol and sulfuric acid
ST :
Michael Servetus discovers pulmonary circulation of the blood
VA :
Parmigianino dies
1541
PH :
Henry VIII assumes titles of King of Ireland and Head of the Irish Church
PH :
Queen Catherine Howard sent to the Tower on suspicion of immoral conduct
RP :
John Knox leads Calvinist Reformation in Scotland
RP :
Loyola elected General of the Jesuits
1542
PH :
Queen Catherine Howard executed
PH :
Mary, Queen of Scots, ascends the throne
RP :
Pope Paul III establishes Inquisition in Rome
ED :
Magdalen College, Cambridge, founded
ED :
University of Pisa refounded by Cosimo I de'Medici
ST :
Antonio da Mota enters Japan as the first European
ST :
Andreas Vesalius: De fabrica corporis humani, modern anatomy
DL :
Heavy taxes on drinks in Bavaria
1543
PH :
Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, his sixth queen, who survives him
RP :
Index librorum prohibitiorum issued by Pope Paul III
RP :
First Protestants burned at the stake by Span. Inquisition
ST :
Span. navigator and mechanician Blasco da Baray submits to Charles V the design for a steamboat
VA :
Hans Holbein the Younger dies
1544
PH :
Act of hereditary settlement fixes Swed. succession in male line
ED :
University of Königsberg founded
ST :
Georg Agricola initiates the study of physical geology
ST :
Luca Ghini publishes the first herbarium
ST :
Sebastian Münster: Cosmographia generalis
ST :
Michael Stifel: Aritmetica integra
ST :
St Bartholomew's Hospital in London re-founded
ST :
Silver mines of Potosi, Peru, discovered
1545
PH :
Truce of Adrianople between Charles V, Ferdinand of Austria, and Suleiman I
LT :
Stage comedians create a new type of improvised theatrical entertainment in northern Italy
RP :
Council of Trent meets to discuss Reformation and Counter Reformation
ST :
Gernoimo Cardano works out Scipione del Ferro's equations of the third and fourth degree
ST :
Claude Garamond designs his antique typography
ST :
First European botanical garden in Padua
M :
John Taverner dies 15 October
1546
ST :
Civil war in Germany (Schmalkaldic War) between Emperor Charles V and the Schmalkldic League
ED :
Cardinal College, Oxford, refounded as Christ Church
RP :
Etienne de La Boétie: Le Discours de la servitude volontaire
ST :
First Welsh book printed: Yny Lhyvyr Mwnn
ST :
Ital. physician Girolamo Fracastoro states his view on infections and epidemic diseases
ST :
Fl. geographer Gerardus Mercator states that the earth has a magnetic pole
ST :
First pharmacopoia by Valerius Cordus
ST :
Abortive efforts to find the legendary Dorado in Venezuela
1547
PH :
Ivan IV crowned Czar of Russia in Moscow
PH :
Henry VIII of England dies; succeeded by his and Jane Seymour's son Edward VI
PH :
Francis I of France dies; succeeded by his son Henry II
PH :
Crown of Bohemia proclaimed hereditary in the House of Hapsburg
RP :
William Baldwin: A Treatise of Morall Phylosophie
RP :
La chambre ardente created in France for the trial of heretics
M :
Swiss musical theorist Henricus Glareanus publishes his work on the 12 church modes, Dodekachordon
DL :
First predictions of the Fr. astrologer Nostradamus
DL :
French instead of Latin declared the official language of the Fr. authorities
DL :
Moscow destroyed by fire
DL :
Poor rate levied in London
1548
PH :
Sigusmund I of Poland dies; succeeded by his son Sigismund II Augustus
LT :
Hôtel de Bourgogne, first roofed theatre, opened in Paris
LT :
Royal edict forbids performance of "mystères" in Paris
RP :
Ignatius Loyola: Spiritual Exercises published
ED :
University of Messina founded
RP :
Francis Zavier founds a Jesuit mission in Japan
ED :
Sir Thomas Gresham founds seven professorships in London
1549
PH :
Ivan IV calls first national assembly in Russia
LT :
Joachim du Bellay, leader of the poetic Pléiade group, states the program of Fr. Classicism: Défense et illustration dela langue francaise
RP :
Only the new Book of Prayer may be used in England
RP :
Consensus Tigurinus agreement between Calvin and Zwinglians on Holy Communion
ST :
Melanchthon objects to the theories of Copernicus
RP :
Pope Paul III dies
ED :
Siegmund von Herberstein: Rerum Moscovitarum commentarii, report on Russia
ED :
Konrad von Gesner: Biblioteca universalis
ST :
Thomé de Souza founds Sao Salvador
DL :
Court jesters (dwarfs, cripples) appear in Europe
1550
RP :
Thomas Cranmer: A Defence of the Catholic Doctrine of the Sacrament
RP :
Cardinal Giovanni Maria del Monte becomes Pope Julius III
RP :
Siegmund von Herberstein: De natura fossilium
VA :
Beginning of early Baroque in art
VA :
Beginnings of Jap. "Ukiyoe" painting
VA :
Giorgio Vasari: Lives of the Artists
M :
John Marbeck: The Booke of Common Praier noted, first musical setting of Eng. liturgy
DL :
Game of billiards played for the first time in Italy
DL :
Sealing wax used for first time
DL :
First written reference to game of cricket (creag) in young Edward VI's wardrobe accounts
1551
ED :
Jesuits found Collegio Romano in Rome as papal university
RP :
Jews persecuted in Bavaria
ED :
University of Lima founded
ST :
Pierre Belon: Histoire naturelle des estranges poissons
ST :
Konrad von Gesner: Historia animalium, modern zoology
DL :
First licensing of alehouses and taverns in England and Wales
1552
LT :
Sir Walter Raleigh born
ED :
Collegium Germanicum, Rome, founded by Jesuits
ED :
Francesco López de Gómera, private secretary to Cortes, publishes his Historia general de las Indias
RP :
Second Prayer Book of Edward VI
ST :
Bartolommeo Eustachio: Tabulae anatomicae, Eustachian tube and valve
ST :
Christ's Hospital, London, founded by King Edward VI
DL :
St. Andrew's Golf Club, Scotland, founded; Mary, Queen of Scots, probably first female golfer
1553
PH :
Lady Jane Grey proclaimed Queen of England; deposed nine days later
PH :
Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, becomes Queen of England
PH :
Sultan Suleiman I makes peace with Persia
RP :
Domingo de Soto: De justicia et jure
RP :
Sir Thomas More: A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation (posth.)
RP :
Thomas Wilson: The Arte of Rhetorique
M :
The violin in its present form begins to develop
DL :
Pedro de Cieza de Leon describes the potato in his Chronicle of Peru
VA :
Lucas Cranach the Elder dies
1554
PH :
Lady Jane Grey executed
PH :
Princess Elizabeth sent to the Tower for suspected participation in rebellion against Mary I
RP :
Catholic restoration in England
ED :
Trinity College, Oxford, founded
ST :
Ulisse Aldrovandi: Herbarium
1555
PH :
Peace of Augsburg: Lutheran states to enjoy equal rights with Catholic
PH :
Charles V turns over government of Netherlands to his son Philip
ED :
An Aztec dictionary published
RP :
Pope Julius III dies 23 March; Cardinal Marcello Cervino elected Pope Marcellus II (dies 30 April); Cardinal Giovanni Pietro Caraffa elected Pope Paul IV
ST :
Pierre Belon: L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux
ST :
Tobacco brought for the first time to Spain from America
1556
PH :
Charles V abdicates, assigning Spain to his son Philip II, and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand I, and retires into the monastery of Yuste
PH :
Akbar the Great, Mogul Emperor of India
RP :
Juan de Ávila: Audi filia, ascetic Christian text
RP :
Jesuit Order established in Prague
ST :
George Agricola: De re metallica, a study of mineralogy (posth.)
DL :
Stationer's Company of London granted monopoly of printing in England
1557
M :
Thomas Morley born
PH :
John III, King of Portugal dies; succeeded by his grandson Sebastian I
DL :
State bankruptcy in Spain and France
LT :
The Sack-Full of Newes, first English play to be censored
ED :
Gonville College, Cambridge, refounded as Gonville and Caius College
ST :
Robert Recorde: Whetstone of Wit, first Eng. treatise on algebra
ED :
Repton School, Derbyshire, founded
ED :
Accademia di San Luca, Rome
ST :
Thomas Tusser: A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie
DL :
Influenza epidemic throughout Europe
1558
PH :
Ferdinand I assumes the title of Holy Roman Emperor
PH :
Ex-Emperor Charles V dies
PH :
Queen Mary I of England dies; succeeded by Elizabeth I
DL :
John Knox: The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women
RP :
Zohar, cabbalistic work of Jewish mysticism (13th-century), printed
ED :
University of Jena founded
M :
Gioseffo Zarlino: Institutioni harmoniche, definitions of modern major and minor scales
DL :
Thomas Gresham suggests reform of Eng. currency (Gresham's Law)
DL :
Hamburg Exchange founded
DL :
Portuguese introduce Europeans to the habit of taking snuff
PH :
French retake Calais
1559
PH :
King Christian III of Denmark and Norway dies; succeeded by Frederick II
PH :
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth I
PH :
King Henry II of France killed in a tournament; succeeded by his son Francis II, whose wife Mary, Queen of Scots, assumes title Queen of England
PH :
Margaret of Parma, sister of Philip II, Regent in the Netherlands
LT :
Thomas Sackville: Induction, introducing the new age of Elizabethan literature
RP :
Elizabethan Prayer Book
RP :
Mattias Flacius: Ecclesiastica historica
RP :
Pope Paul IV dies; Giovanni Angelo de'Medici elected Pope Pius IV
ED :
University of Geneva founded
ST :
Realdo Colombo describes position and posture of human embryo
1560
RP :
Huguenot conspiracy at Amboise; liberty of worship promised in France
PH :
King Francis II of France dies; succeeded by Charles IX with Catherine de'Medici, his mother, as regent
RP :
Church of Scotland founded
RP :
Francesco Patrizi: Della historia, on the philosophy of history
RP :
Beginnings of Puritanism in England
ED :
Westminster School, London, founded
VA :
The Uffizi at Florence founded
ST :
First scientific society founded at Naples by Giambattista della Porta
PH :
Madrid becomes capital of Spain
DL :
Tobacco plant imported to Western Europe by Jean Nicot
DL :
Visiting cards used for the first time by Germ. students in Italy
1561
PH :
Edict of Orleans suspends persecution of Huguenots
PH :
Baltic states of the Order of the Teutonic Knights secularised
RP :
First Calvinist refugees from Flanders settle in England
ST :
Gabriele Fallopius: Observations anatomicae
DL :
Ruy López develops in Spain the modern technique of chess playing
ST :
Forerunners of hand grenades made for the first time
ED :
Merchant Taylors' School, London, founded
VA :
St. Paul's Cathedral, London, badly damaged by fire
DL :
Tulips from the Near East first come to Western Europe
1562
M :
John Dowland born
PH :
Shane O'Neill rebels in Ireland
PH :
Emperor Ferdinand I signs eight-year truce with Suleiman I of Turkey
PH :
Maximilian, son of Ferdinand I, becomes King of Bohemia
RP :
Third session of Council of Trent convenes
RP :
1,200 Fr. Huguenots slain at Massacre of Vassy; first War of Religion begins
RP :
Eng. Articles of Religion of 1552 reduced to the Thirty-Nine Articles
M :
Gasparo Bertolotti da Salò moves to Brescia to become first great Ital. violin maker
ST :
French attempt to colonise Florida
ST :
John Hawkins makes his first journey to the New World; begins slave trade between Guinea and West Indies
DL :
Milled coins introduced in England
DL :
Plague in Paris
M :
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck born in April
1563
LT :
Michael Drayton born
RP :
Peace of Amboise ends first War of Religion in France; the Huguenots are granted limited toleration
PH :
Charles IX of France (at 13) is declared of age
PH :
Maximilian II elected King of Hungary
ST :
First printing presses in Russia
LT :
Blossoming of Span. mystic poetry
RP :
John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, first Eng. edition
RP :
Council of Trent ends
RP :
Counter Reformation begins in Bavaria
RP :
Term "Puritan" first used in England
VA :
John Shute: First and Chief Grounds of Architecture
ST :
Gerardus Mercator draws the first accurate map of Lorraine
ST :
Ambroise Pare: Cinq livres de chirugie
DL :
Eng. Parliament passes acts for relief of the poor and for regulating apprentices
DL :
General outbreak of plague in Europe kills 20,000 people in London
1564
PH :
Peace of Troyes ends war between England and France
PH :
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor since 1556 dies; succeeded by his son Maximilian II
RP :
Council of Trent's Professio Fidei confirmed by Pope Pius IV
RP :
Counter Reformation begins in Poland
RP :
Index librorum prohibitorum published after receiving papal approval
RP :
Philip Neri founds the Congregation of the Oratory in Rome
RP :
Scots' Psalter
ST :
Bartolommeo Eustachio: Opuscula anatomica
DL :
Horse-drawn coach introduced in England from Holland
VA :
Artist Michelangelo de Buonarotti
dies in Rome
LT :
William Shakespeare born 23 April
1565
RP :
Jacobus Anconcio: Stratagemata Satanae, advocating religious toleration
ED :
Thomas Cooper: Thesaurus linguae Romanae et Britannicae
RP :
Pierre de la Place: Histoire de nostre temps
RP :
Pope Pius IV dies
ST :
Royal College of Physicians, London, empowered to carry out human dissections
ST :
Bernardino Telesio: De rerum natura, foreshadowing empirical methods of science
DL :
Sir Thomas Gresham founds the Royal Exchange, London
DL :
Pencils manufactured in England
DL :
Sir John Hawkins introduces sweet potatoes and tobacco into England
1566
PH :
Suleiman I dies; succeeded by Selim II as Sultan of Turkey
RP :
Calvinist riots in the Netherlands; Regent Margaret of Palma abolishes Inquisition
PH :
Sigismund III, King of Poland
PH :
Turko-Hungarian war renewed in spite of truce of 1562
RP :
Jean Bodin: Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem, on the philosophy of history
RP :
Heinrich Bullinger unites Calvinism with Zwinglianism in Second Helvetian Confession
RP :
Cardinal Michaele Ghislieri becomes Pope Pius V
DL :
Notizie Scritte, one of first newspapers, appears in Venice
1567
PH :
Queen Mary forced to abdicate; makes her stepbrother, the Earl of Moray, regent
PH :
Duke of Alba arrives as military governor in the Netherlands and begins reign of terror; Margaret of Parma resigns regency
PH :
In Japan Nobunaga deposes shogunate and centralises government
ED :
Francesco Guicciardini: Storia d'Italia (posth.)
RP :
Maximilian II establishes monastery council to superintend clergy
ED :
University of Helmstedt, Brunswick, founded
ST :
Alvaro Mendana de Neyra discovers Solomon Islands in Pacific Ocean
PH :
Rio de Janeiro founded
DL :
Two million Indians die in S. America of typhoid fever
M :
Claudio Monteverdi born 15 May
1568
PH :
Peace between Selim II and Maximilian II
PH :
Treaty of Longjumeau ends second War of Religion in France
PH :
Swedes declare Eric XIV unfit to reign and proclaim John III king
DL :
First modern eisteddfod for Welsh music and literature held at Caerwys
RP :
First translation of the Bible into Czech
RP :
Archbishop Parker's Bishop's Bible
ED :
English College founded at Douai by William Allen to train Jesuit missionaries for work in England
RP :
Jesuit missionaries welcomed in Japan
RP :
Pope Pius V issues revised Brevarium Romanun
ST :
Gerardus Mercator devises cylindrical projection for charts
ST :
Costanzo Varolio studies the anatomy of the human brain
DL :
Alexander Nowell, Dean of St. Paul's, London, invents bottled beer
VA :
Jan Brueghel the Elder born
1569
PH :
Sigismund II of Poland unites Poland with Lithuania; Union of Lublin
ST :
Tycho Brahe begins at Augsburg construction of a 19-foot quandrant and a celestial glove, five feet in diameter
ST :
Mercator: Cosmographia, and map of the world for navigational use
DL :
40,000 inhabitants of Lisbon die in carbuncular fever epidemic
DL :
Public lottery held in London to finance repairs to the port
VA :
Pieter Bruegel the Elder dies
1570
PH :
Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye ends third civil war in France; Huguenots gain amnesty
PH :
Peace of Stettin: Denmark recognises independence of Sweden
PH :
Imperial Diet meets at Speyer
DL :
Japan opens port of Nagasaki to overseas trade
PH :
Turks declare war on Venice
LT :
Lodovico Castelvetro demands introduction of Aristotelian principles to contemporary drama
M :
Jean Antoine de Baïf founds Académie de Poésie et de Musique, Paris
ED :
Roger Ascham: The Scholemaster, manual on education
RP :
Consensus of Sendomir: Calvinists, Lutherans and Moravian Brothers of Poland ally against Jesuits
RP :
Blaise de Monluc: Commentaires on Fr. politics
RP :
Pope Pius V issues bull, Regnans in Excelsis, excommunicating Elizabeth I
RP :
Missale Romanum issued by Pius V
M :
Earliest known music festival to honour St. Cecilia, in Normandy
M :
Culminating point of vocal polyphonic a cappella style (Palestrina, Orlando di Lasso)
ST :
Abraham Ortelius (Antwerp): Theatrum orbis terrarum, first modern atlas, with 53 maps
DL :
Nuremberg postal services begin
1571
PH :
Sigismund II of Poland dies; end of Jagellon dynasty
PH :
Reconciliation between Charles IX of France and Huguenots
DL :
Act of Parliament forbids export of wool from England
RP :
Act of Parliament enforces subscription to the Thirty-Nine Articles among clergy
ED :
Bibliotheca Laurenziana in Florence opened to the public
RP :
Hugh Latimer: Frutefull Sermons
RP :
Francesco Patrizi: Discussiones peripateticae, anti-Aristotelian arguments
ED :
Harrow School founded by John Lyon
ED :
Jesus College, Oxford, founded by Hugh Price
1572
LT :
John Donne born
PH :
Dutch War of Independence begins
PH :
Estates of Poland declare the monarchy elective
RP :
Massacre on St. Bartholomew's Day in Paris: 2,000 Huguenots murdered there
PH :
Fourth War of Religion begins in France
ED :
Annibale Caro: Lettere Familiari, history of Tuscan literary language in Italy
ED :
Jean de Serres: Commentaqrii de statu religionis et reipublicae, survey of Fr. Wars of Religion
ED :
Henri Estienne: Thesaurus linguae Graecae
RP :
Mathew Parker: De antiquitate Britannicae ecclesiae
RP :
Pope Pius V dies; Cardinal Ugo Buoncompagni elected Pope Gregory XIII
M :
"Il Re", one of the earliest cellos by Andrea Amati of Cremona
ST :
Artis auriferae quam chemium vocant, one of the earliest books on alchemy, published in Basel
ST :
Tycho Brahe discovers the "New Star" in the Milky Way
ST :
Society of Antiquaries founded in London
DL :
Pigeons carrying letters used by Dutch during Span. siege of Haarlem
VA :
Bronzino dies
LT :
Ben Jonson born 11 June
1573
PH :
Peace of Constantinople ends war between Turks and Venice
PH :
Henry, Duke of Anjou, elected King of Poland; returns to France to succeed his brother Charles IX
PH :
Fourth Fr. War of Religion ends; Huguenots granted an amnesty
PH :
Wan-Li begins reign as 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty in China
ED :
Collegium Germanicum established in Rome
RP :
François Hofman: Francogallia, a treatise on election and deposition of kings
M :
Orlando di Lasso: Patrocinium musices
ST :
Francis Drake sees Pacific Ocean for first time
VA :
Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio) born
1574
PH :
Charles IX of France dies; succeeded by his brother Henry III, King of Poland
PH :
Selim II, Sultan of Turkey dies; succeeded by Murad III
PH :
Fifth French War of Religion
RP :
First auto-da-fé in Mexico
RP :
Jean Bodin: Discours sur les causes de l'extrême cherté en France, on luxury
RP :
Hubert Languet: Vindiciae contra tyrannos, political theories of the Huguenots
ED :
University of Berlin founded
ST :
Ulissi Aldovrandi: Antidotarii Bononiensis epitome, a treatise on drugs
ST :
Conrad Dasypodius builds the famous Strasbourg clock
VA :
Giorgio Vasari dies
1575
M :
Thomas Tallis : Motets, Cantiones sacrae
published jointly with William Byrd
M :
William Byrd : Cantiones Sacrae
(joint collection with Thomas Tallis
PH :
King Henry III of France crowned at Rheims
PH :
Stephen Báthory of Transylvania becomes King of Poland
PH :
Freedom from arrest granted by Eng. Parliament for its members and their servants
DL :
State bankruptcy in Spain
ED :
University of Leiden founded by William of Orange
ST :
Tycho Brahe constructs an observatory at Uraniborg for Frederick II of Denmark
ST :
George Turberville: Book of Falconrie
DL :
Outbreaks of plague in Sicily, spreading through Italy up to Milan
1576
PH :
Act of Federation between Holland and Zeeland signed in Delft
RP :
Edict of Beaulieu tolerating Reformed religion in France
PH :
Emperor Maximilian II dies; succeeded by his brother Rudolf II
ED :
Académy du Palais founded in Paris by Henry III, associated with Baïf's Académie of 1570
RP :
Jean Bodin: La république, advocating constitutional change
RP :
League of Torgau, supporting opinions of the Lutherans, draws up Articles of Faith
ED :
University of Warsaw, Poland, founded
ST :
Clusius publishes his treatise on flowers of Spain and Portugal; beginning of modern botany
ST :
Robert Norman, English hydrographer, discovers magnetic 'dip', or inclination
ST :
François Viète introduces decimal fractions
VA :
Titian dies
1577
PH :
Henry of Navarre recognised head of Huguenot party
PH :
Perpetual Edict to settle civil war in the Netherlands issued by Don John of Austria; rejected by William of Orange
PH :
Sixth Fr. War of Religion breaks out
PH :
Peace of Bergerac ends sixth War of Religion
RP :
William Allot: Thesaurus Bibliorum
ED :
Richard Eden: History of Travel in East and West Indies
RP :
Lutheran Book of Concord drafted
ED :
William Harrison: Description of England
VA :
Peter Paul Rubens born
1578
PH :
Sebastian, King of Portugal, killed at Alcazar during invasion of Morocco
PH :
John III of Sweden secretly converted to Catholicism
PH :
Mohammed Khudabanda becomes Shah of Persia
PH :
Otomo Yoshishige, one of chief rulers of Japan, converted to Christianity
ED :
Jacques Cujas: Commentaries on Roman Law
ED :
Eng. College of Douai removed to Rheims
ST :
Catacombs of Rome discovered
DL :
Work begun on Pont Neuf, oldest bridge over Seine River, Paris
1579
PH :
Signing of Union of Utrecht marks foundation of Dutch Republic
LT :
Stephen Gosson: The Schools of Abuse, against the theatre
LT :
Thomas Lodge: A Defense of Poetry, Music and Stage Plays, answer to Gosson
RP :
St. John of the Cross: Dark Night of the Soul
1580
PH :
Seventh Fr. War of Religion breaks out
PH :
Ivan IV, The Terrible, kills his son and heir with his own hands
RP :
Last performance of a miracle play in Coventry
RP :
Jean Bodin: Démonomanie des sorciers, against witchcraft
RP :
Jesuits Edmund Campion and Robert Parson land in England, begin Jesuit mission
ED :
François de la Noue: 24 Discours politiques et militaires, Huguenot point of view on Fr. Wars of Religion
RP :
Michel de Montaigne: Essais
ST :
Francis Drake returns to England from voyage of circumnavigation
DL :
Venice imports coffee from Turkey to Italy
DL :
Earthquake in London
DL :
New building banned in London to restrict growth of city
VA :
Frans Hals born (year approximate)
1581
RP :
Edmund Campion, Eng. Jesuit, tried for treason and executed
RP :
Pope Gregory XIII attempts to reconcile Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox churches
PH :
James VI of Scotland signs Second Confession of Faith
ED :
Lancelot Popelinière: Premier Livre de l'idée de l'histoire accomplieé, contemporary history
M :
Vincenzo Galiglei: Dialogo della musica antica e moderna
ST :
William Borough: A Discourse on the Variation of the Compass or Magneticall Needle
ST :
Elizabeth I knights Francis Drake at Deptford
ST :
Galileo Galilei discovers isochronous property of the pendulum
DL :
Sedan chairs in general use in England
1582
PH :
Raid of Ruthven: James VI kidnapped by Protestant nobles
DL :
Gregorian Calendar adopted in Papal States, Spain, and Portugal, France and the Netherlands and Scandinavia
PH :
Nobunaga, ruler of Japan, assassinated
PH :
Venetian Constitution amended; authority of Council of Ten restricted
ED :
George Buchanan: Rerum Scoticarum historiae
RP :
Jesuit mission founded in China
ED :
Utrecht Library founded
ED :
University of Edinburgh founded
ED :
Richard Hakluyt: Divers Voyages Touching the Discovery of America
ST :
Urbain Hémand investigates the anatomy of the teeth
DL :
Royal Navy gets graduated pay according to rank
DL :
London's first waterworks founded; water wheels installed on London Bridge
1583
DL :
England adopts Gregorian Calendar
PH :
James VI of Scotland escapes from hands of Ruthven raiders after 10 months
LT :
Queen's Company of Players formed in London by Sir Edmund Tilney
RP :
Francesco Sansovino: Del Governo et ammistrazione di diversi regni et republiche
ED :
Joseph Justus Scaliger: Opus de emendatione temporum, foundation of modern chronology
RP :
Sir Thomas Smith: De repubica Anglorum, on government machinery in England
DL :
First known life insurance in England, on life of William Gibbons
M :
Girolamo Frescobaldi born in September
1584
PH :
Ivan IV, The Terrible, dies; succeeded as Czar of Russia by his son Fyodor, who relinquishes most of his powers to his brother-in-law Boris Godunov
ED :
Foundation of Accademia dei Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Lucca
RP :
Giordano Bruno: Spaccio della bestia trionfante
RP :
Nicholas Sanders: De origine ac progressu schismatis Anglicani
RP :
Reginald Scot: The Discoverie of Witchcraft, attacking superstition
ED :
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, founded by Sir Walter Mildmay
ED :
Uppingham School founded
DL :
Dutch trading post founded at Archangel, Russia
ST :
Sir Walter Raleigh discovers and annexes Virginia
DL :
Banco di Rialto founded in Venice
ST :
Oldest extant wave-swept lighthouse erected at Cordouan, at the mouth of the Gironde River
1585
PH :
Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England decline sovereignty of the Netherlands; but Elizabeth takes the Netherlands under her protection
PH :
Hideyoshi sets up dictatorship in Japan
LT :
Teatro Olimpico, in Vicenza, opened
RP :
Pope Gregory XIII dies; Cardinal Felice Peretti becomes Pope Sixtus V
ED :
Jesuit University founded in Graz, Austria
ST :
Simon Stevin formulates the law of equilibrium
ST :
Lucas Janszoon Waghearen: Spiegel der Zeevaart, a book of sailing directions
ST :
Bartholomew Newsam constructs first Eng. travelling and standing clocks
M :
Heinrich Schütz born 9 October
M :
Thomas Tallis dies 23 November
1586
PH :
Mary, Queen of Scots, tried for treason at Fotheringay; sentence is pronounced against her; Elizabeth confirms it
PH :
Abbas I becomes Shah of Persia
PH :
Stephen Báthory, King of Poland, dies
LT :
Beginning of Kabuki theatre, Japan
LT :
William Webbe: Discourse of English Poetrie
RP :
Caesar Baronius: Annales ecclesiastici, history of the Roman Catholic Church
PH :
Ludwig Pfyffer forms League of the Seven Swiss Catholic Cantons
ED :
William Camden: Britannia, guide to the counties of Britain
RP :
Pope Sixtus V fixes number of cardinals at 70; issues bull, "Detestablilis", forbidding usury
DL :
Corn severely short in England
1587
M :
Samuel Scheidt born
M :
Claudio Monteverdi : Book I of Madrigals
PH :
Mary, Queen of Scots, executed at Fotheringay
PH :
A son of King John of Sweden succeeds Stephen Báthory as Sigismund III of Poland
RP :
Pope Sixtus V proclaims Catholic crusade for invasion of England
LT :
First company of Eng. players in Germany
RP :
Antonio Agustino: Dialogo de medallas y inscriciones, on numismatics (posth.)
RP :
John Knox: Hystory of the Reformation in Scotland (posth.)
RP :
Rederijckkunst, Dutch manual on rhetoric
M :
Zeminoth Israel publishes early collection of Jewish songs
DL :
Construction of Rialto Bridge, Venice, by Antonio da Ponte
1588
M :
William Byrd : Psalmes, Sonets & Songs
PH :
Frederick II of Denmark dies; succeeded by Christian IV
PH :
Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother Louis, Cardinal of Guise, assassinated by order of Henry III; another brother, the Duke of Mayenne, becomes leader of Catholic League
RP :
William Morgan's translation of the Bible into Welsh
RP :
Jan Blahoslav's Czech translation of New Testament incorporated in Kralice Bible
RP :
Thomas Stapleton: Tres Thomae, controversial Roman Catholic tract
ED :
Vatican Library opened in Rome
ST :
Joachim Camerarius: Hortus medicus
ST :
Timothy Bright: An Arte of Shorte, Swifte, and Secrete Writing by Character, manual of shorthand
VA :
Paolo Caliari (Veronese) dies
1589
M :
William Byrd : Songs of Sundrie Natures
M :
William Byrd : Cantiones Sacrae
PH :
Henry III, King of France, last of the house of Valois, assassinated; on his deathbed he recognises Henry, King of Navarre, as his successor, who, as Henry IV, is the first Burbon to become King of France
PH :
House of Commons first appoints a Standing Committee for Privileges
LT :
Thomas Nashe: Anatomie of Absurdities, criticism of contemporary literature
LT :
George Puttenham: The Arte of English Poesie
RP :
Amador Arrais: Dialogues de Dom Frei Amador Arraiz, Port. conversations on moral and religious themes
PH :
Boris Godunov asserts Moscow's religious independence of Constantinople
RP :
Justus Lipsius: Politicorum sive Civilis Doctrinae
ED :
Kiev Academy founded
ED :
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, founded
M :
Thoinot Arbeau: Orchésographie, early treatise on dancing, with several dance tunes
ST :
Richard Hakluyt: The Principall Navigations and Discoveries of the English Nation
DL :
Forks used for the first time at Fr. court
DL :
The Reverend William Lee (Cambridge) invents the stocking frame, first knitting machine
1590
LT :
William Shakespeare: Henry VI
PH :
Catholic League proclaims Cardinal de Bourbon King Charles X of France in Jan; he dies in May
PH :
Shah Abbas I of Persia makes peace with Turkey
LT :
Ital. Commedia dell' arte company, "I Accesi", begins activities
RP :
Pope Sixtus V dies; Cardinal Giambattista Castagna succeeds him as Pope Urban VII and dies 12 days later; Cardinal Niccolò Sfondrato becomes Pope Gregory XIV
RP :
José de Acosta: Historia natural y moral de las Indias
ST :
Galileo: De Motu, description of experiments on dropping of various bodies
ST :
Coal mining begins in the Ruhr
1591
LT :
Michael Drayton: Harmonie of the Church
M :
William Byrd : My Ladye Nevells Book
collection of keyboard pieces
M :
William Byrd : Cantiones Sacrae
PH :
Henry IV of France excommunicated by Pope Gregory XIV
PH :
Christian I of Saxony dies; succeeded by his eight-year-old son Christian II
RP :
Giordano Bruno: De immenso et innumerabilis seu de universo et mundis
RP :
Pope Gregory XIV dies; Cardinal Antonio Facchinetti becomes Pope Innocent IX
ED :
Trinity College, Dublin, founded by Elizabeth I
ST :
François Viète: In Artem analyticam isagoge, on using letters for algebraic quantities
DL :
Skittle alleys, in use since the end of the 12th century, become popular in Germany
LT :
Robert Herrick born in August
1592
LT :
William Shakespeare: Richard III and The Comedy of Errors
LT :
John III of Sweden dies; succeeded by Sigismund III of Poland
LT :
Emperor Rudolf II makes peace with Poland
LT :
Cardinal Ippolito Aldobrandini elected Pope Clement VIII
LT :
Thomas Sanchez: De sacramento matrimonii, on religious and legal aspects of marriage
LT :
Lodovico Zacconi: Prattica di musica, original edition
LT :
Galileo: Della scienza mechanica, problems of raising weights
ST :
Ruined Roman city of Pompeii discovered
DL :
Plague kills 15,000 people in London
DL :
Windmills used in Holland to drive mechanical saws
1593
LT :
William Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus and The Taming of the Shrew
LT :
Michael Drayton: Idea, the Shepherd's Garland and Peirs Gaveston
M :
Thomas Morley : Canzonets
PH :
Rudolf II renews war against Turkey
PH :
Henry IV becomes a Roman Catholic, hearing Mass at St. Denis: "Paris is well worth a mass"
LT :
London theatres closed because of the plague
RP :
Pierre Charron: Les Trois Vérités, Fr. theological treatise
ST :
First Fr. botanical gardens established by University of Montpellier
ST :
Giambattista della Porta: De refractione, optices parte, with an account of binocular vision
DL :
Sant' Ambrogio Bank founded in Milan
LT :
George Herbert born 3 April
VA :
Artemisia Gentileschi born
1594
LT :
William Shakespeare: The Two Gentlemen of Verona, Love's Labor's Lost, King John
LT :
Michael Drayton: Matilda and Idea's Mirror
M :
Thomas Morley : Madrigals to Four Voyces
PH :
Henry IV, having been crowned King of France at Chartres, enters Paris
RP :
Edict of St. Germain-en-Laye grants Huguenots freedom of worship
LT :
London theatres open again in May
ST :
Giordano Bruno seized by the Vatican for supporting Copernican theory of the universe
RP :
Richard Hooker: Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity (vols 1-4)
ED :
Piere Matthieu: Histoire des derniers troubles de France
M :
Elizabeth I sends a Thomas Dallam organ to Sultan of Turkey
M :
Dafne, by Jacopo Peri, first opera
ST :
Galileo's Golden Rule
VA :
Tintoretto dies
M :
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina dies 2 February
VA :
Nicolas Poussin born
M :
Orlande de Lassus dies 14 June
1595
LT :
William Shakespeare: Richard II, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream
LT :
Michael Drayton: Endymion and Phoebe
M :
Thomas Morley : First Book of Canzonets to Two Voyces
M :
Thomas Morley : First Book of Balletts
PH :
Henry IV declares war on Spain
PH :
Dutch begin to colonise E. Indies
PH :
Sultan Murad III of Turkey dies; succeeded by Mohammed III
PH :
Peasant revolt in Upper Austria
PH :
Pope Clement VIII absolves Henry IV, recognising him as King of France
ED :
Andrew Maunsell: The Catalogue of English Printed Books
ST :
Andreas Libavius: Opera omnia medicochymica
ST :
Mercator's atlas published (posth.)
ST :
English army abandons bow as weapon of war
DL :
First appearance of heels on shoes
DL :
Warsaw, capital of Poland
1596
LT :
William Shakespeare: The Merchant of Venice
LT :
Michael Drayton: Robert, Duke of Normandy and Mortimeriados
PH :
Decrees of Folembray end war of Catholic League in France
PH :
Pacification of Ireland
PH :
Peace between Japan and China after Japanese fail to invade Korea
RP :
Caesar Baronius: Martyrologum Romanum
ED :
Gresham College, London, founded
ST :
Galileo invents thermometer
ST :
J.Kepler: Di admirabili proportione coelestium orbium
ST :
G.D. Rheticus: Trigonometric Tables (posth.)
ST :
Ludolph van Ceulen's "Van den Circkel" gives ration of the diameter to the circumference of a circle to twenty places
DL :
Tomatoes introduced in England
DL :
First water closets installed at the Queen's Palace, Richmond
1597
LT :
William Shakespeare: The Merry Wives of Windsor
LT :
Michael Drayton: England's Heroical Epistles
M :
Thomas Morley : Canzonets
or Little Short Airs to Five and Six Voices
M :
John Dowland : First Booke of Songes or Ayres
PH :
Second Span. Armada leaves for England; scattered by storms
PH :
Philip II opens peace talks with Henry IV
PH :
Re-Catholicisation of Upper Austria effected by force
PH :
William V, Duke of Bavaria, abdicates in favour of his son Maximilian I, then retires to a monastery
ED :
Aldine Press, Venice, founded 1494, ceases after publication of 908 works.
RP :
Sir Francis Bacon: Essays, Civil and Moral
ED :
Jean de Serres: Inventaire général de l'histoire de France
RP :
James VI of Scotland: Demonologie, on witchcraft
M :
John Dowland: First Book of Songes
M :
Thomas Morley: A Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musick
DL :
Engl. Act of Parliament prescribes sentences of transportation to colonies for convicted criminals
DL :
Eng. merchants expelled from Holy Roman Empire in retaliation for treatment of the Hanseatic League in London
ST :
First field hospitals and field dispensaries
1598
LT :
William Shakespeare: Henry IV, Much Ado About Nothing
LT :
Ben Jonson: Every Man in His Humour
PH :
Fyodor I of Russia dies; Boris Godunov, seizing throne, formally elected Czar of Russia by national assembly
PH :
Treaty of Ponts de Cé ends civil war in France
PH :
Peace of Vervins: Philip II resigns claim to Fr. crown; country united under Henry IV as single sovereign
PH :
King Philip II of Spain dies; succeeded by Philip III
PH :
Hideyoshi of Japan dies; his successor, Ieyasu Tokugawa, restores shogunate which endures until the revolution of 1867-68
RP :
Juan de Mariana: De rege et regis institutione, on kingship
RP :
Edict of Nantes grants Fr. Huguenots freedom of worship (revoked, 1685)
ED :
John Florio: A World of Wordes, Eng.-Ital. dictionary
RP :
John Manwood: Treatise on the Laws of the Forest
RP :
Philibert Mareschal: Le Guide des arts et sciences
ED :
Francis Meres: Palladis Tamia, anthology of quotations for 125 Eng. writers
ED :
Sir Thomas Bodley begins rebuilding of library at Oxford
ED :
Reorganisation of the University of Paris by Henry IV
ST :
Carlo Ruini: Dell' anatomia e dell' infirmità de cavallo, e suoi remedii, manual of veterinary science
ST :
Korean Admiral Visunsin invents iron-clad warship
ST :
Tycho Brahe: Astronomicae Instauratae Mechanica, account of his discoveries and description of his instruments
VA :
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini born
1599
LT :
William Shakespeare: Henry V, Julius Caesar, As You Like It
LT :
William Shakespeare: Henry V, Julius Caesar, As You Like It
LT :
Ben Jonson: Every Man Out of His Humour
PH :
Duke of Sully, Fr. superintendent of finances, reforms taxation, economic policy, overseas trade and agriculture
PH :
Swedish Diet, deposing Sigismund III, proclaims Charles of Södermanland ruler as Charles IX
LT :
Building of the Glove Theatre, Southwark, London, where Shakespeare's plays are performed
RP :
James VI of Scotland: Basilikon doron, on divine right of kings
ST :
Ulissi Aldrovandi, Ital. naturalist, publishes his studies in ornithology
ST :
In Marseilles first chamber of commerce founded
DL :
Outbreak of plague in Spain
DL :
First postal rates fixed in Germany
VA :
Anthony van Dyck born
VA :
Diego Velázquez born
1600
LT :
William Shakespeare: Hamlet
LT :
Ben Jonson: Cynthia's Revels
LT :
Michael Drayton: The First Part of Sir John Oldcastle
M :
Thomas Morley : First
Book of Ayres
M :
John Dowland : Ayres
Vol.II
PH :
Henry IV marries Maria de'Medici
PH :
Ieyasu, defeating his rivals at Sekigahara, sets himself up as unquestioned ruler in Japan; he moves capital from Kyoto to Ydo (Tokyo)
LT :
Fortune Theatre, London, opened
RP :
Giordano Bruno burned as heretic in Rome
RP :
Persecution of Catholics in Sweden under Charles IX
ED :
Scottish College founded in Rome
M :
Harps used in orchestras
M :
Recorder becomes popular in England
ST :
William Gilbert: De Magnete, treatise on magnetism and electricity
ST :
Ger. Athanasius Kircher invents magic lantern
ST :
Dutch opticians invent the telescope
DL :
Amsterdam Bank founded
DL :
Wigs and dress trains become fashionable
1601
LT :
William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night, Troilus and Cressida
LT :
Ben Jonson: The Poetaster
M :
Thomas Morley : Triumphs of Oriana
PH :
Earl of Essex leads revolt against Elizabeth I; is tried for treason and executed
PH :
Michael, Prince of Moldavia, assassinated by Hungarians
PH :
Elizabeth I, in her "Golden Speech" to Parliament, surveys achievements of her reign
DL :
Abolition of monopolies in England
PH :
The "False Dmitri", claiming to be a son of Czar Ivan IV, appears in Poland, winning support for an invasion of Russia
RP :
Pierre Charron: De la sagesse, a system of Stoic philosophy
ED :
University of Parma founded
M :
Caccini's new vocal style: "Nuove musiche"
ST :
Kepler becomes astronomer and astrologer to Emperor Rudolf II
ST :
John Lancaster leads first East India Company voyage from Torbay to Sumatra
RP :
Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci admitted to Peking
DL :
Postal agreement between Germany and France
DL :
Many Ger. "Badestuben" (type of brothel) closed by authorities, owing to spread of venereal disease
1602
LT :
William Shakespeare: All's Well that Ends Well
PH :
War between Persia and Turkey
LT :
Thomas Campion Observations in the Art of English Poesie
RP :
Conrad Kircher: A Concordance to the Septuagint
RP :
Emperor Rudolf II, continues persecution of Protestants in Hapsburg lands, Moravian Brethren meetings suppressed
Dutch East India Company founded (first modern public company)
ST :
Galileo investigates laws of gravitation and oscillation
DL :
Paris Charité founded
M :
Thomas Morley dies in October
1603
LT :
Ben Jonson: Sejanus, His Fall
M :
John Dowland : Ayres
Vol.III
PH :
Queen Elizabeth I of England dies; suceeded by her cousin James VI of Scotland as James I of England and Ireland
PH :
Amnesty in Ireland
PH :
Mohammed III, Sultan of Turkey, dies; succeeded by Ahmad I
PH :
Revolts in Transylvania against Emperor Rudolf II
PH :
Tokugawa family obtains shogunate in Japan and keeps it
LT :
Samuel Daniel: A Defence of Rhyme, in reply to Campion's Observations in the Art of English Poesie
ED :
The Standard Grammer by Nudozersky leads to development of modern Czech language
RP :
Johannes Althusias: Politica methodice digesta a grammar of politics
RP :
Richard Knolles: General Historie of the Turkes
M :
Jean-Baptiste Besard: Thesaurus harmonicus collection of lute music
M :
Thomas Robinson: School of Musicke
ST :
Founding of Accademia dei Lincei, Rome
ST :
Benedito de Goes, a lay Jesuit, sets out for India in search of Cathay
ST :
Fabricio di Acquapendente discovers the valves in vein
DL :
Heavy outbreak of plague in England
LT :
Elizabeth I dies 24 March
1604
LT :
William Shakespeare: Measure for Measure, Othello
M :
Orlande de Lassus : Magnum opus musicum
Volume of 516 motets that his sons published after his death
M :
John Dowland : Lachrimae
(Seaven Teares Figured in Seven Passionate Pavans for lutes, viols, or violins in five parts)
PH :
"False Dmitri", claimant to Russ. throne, defeated by Czar Boris Godunov
PH :
Sigismund III of Sweden finally deposed, his uncle Charles IX assuming title of king
PH :
Peace between England and Spain
PH :
England and France sign commercial treaty
RP :
Richard Bancroft, Bishop of London, elected Archbishop of Canterbury
RP :
Robert Cawdrey: A Table Alphabetical
ED :
University of Oxford and University of Cambridge granted privilege of Parliamentary representation (withdrawn 1948)
VA :
Karel van Mander: Het Schilderboek, history of art
M :
Company of Musicians incorporated in London
M :
Negri: Inventioni di balli, on dance technique
ST :
Voyages of Engl. East India Company to Java, the Moluccas, and Agra
ST :
King James I: Counterblast to Tobacco
ST :
Johann Kepler: Optics
DL :
Tomsk founded by Russ. Cossacks
1605
LT :
William Shakespeare: King Lear
LT :
Ben Jonson: Masque of Blacknesse
LT :
Ben Jonson: Volpone, or The Fox
M :
William Byrd : Gradualia
Vol.I
PH :
Czar Boris Godunov dies; succeeded by his son Fyodor II; on entry of "False Dmitri" into Moscow Fyodor is assassinated, Dmitri being crowned Czar of Russia
PH :
Akbar, Mogul Emperor of India dies; succeeded by his son Jahangir
PH :
Guy Fawkes arrested in cellars of Parliament, accused of trying to blow up House of Lords during James I's state opening of Parliament (The Gunpowder Plot)
PH :
Ieyasu retires; his son Hidetada succeeds him as ruler of Japan
LT :
First permanent Ger. theatre in Cassel
RP :
Sir Francis Bacon: The Advancement of Learning
RP :
Pope Clement VIII dies; Alessandro de'Medici elected Pope Leo XI
RP :
Pope Leo XI dies; Camillo Borghese elected Pope Paul V
RP :
Justus Lipsius: Monita et exemplá politica, on organization of the state
ST :
Gaspard Bauhin: Theatrum anatomicum, modern anatomy
DL :
Eng. government farms all customs revenue to a London consortium of merchants for an annual rent
DL :
Newspaper Nieuwe Tijdenghen issued in Antwerp
DL :
Bibliotteca Anglica, first public library in Rome, founded
1606
LT :
William Shakespeare: Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra
LT :
Michael Drayton: Poems Lyric and Pastoral
PH :
King James I's proclamation for a national flag
PH :
"False Dmitri" assassinated by the boyar Vasili Shuisky; Shhisky is elected Czar
PH :
Peace treaty between Turks and Austrians signed at Zsitva-Torok
RP :
Johann Arndt: Wahres Christentum
RP :
Joseph Justus Scaliger:Thesaurus temporum, chronology of ancient times
M :
First open-air opera in Rome
ST :
Galileo Galilei invents proportional compass
ST :
Founding of Society of Apothecaries and Grocers, and of Fruiterer's Company in London
VA :
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn born
1607
LT :
William Shakespeare: Coriolanus, Timon of Athens, Pericles
LT :
John Donne: Divine Poems
M :
William Byrd : Gradualia
Vol.II
M :
John Dowland : Ayres
Vol.IV
M :
Claudio Monteverdi : Opera, La Favola d'Orfeo
('The Fable of Orpheus')
PH :
Charles IX crowned King of Sweden
PH :
Union of England and Scotland rejected by Eng. Parliament
RP :
Joseph Calasanza organises in Rome the Brotherhood of Piarists
ED :
John Cowell: The Interpreter, a law dictionary
ST :
Founding of Jamestown, Virginia, first Engl. settlement on American mainland
ST :
John Norden, Eng. topographer: The Surveyors' Dialogue, manual of surveying
DL :
Bank of Genoa fails after announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain
1608
LT :
Ben Jonson: Masque of Beauty
M :
Girolamo Frescobaldi :
Set of open-score fantasias
M :
Girolamo Frescobaldi : Book of madrigals
PH :
Protestant States of Rhineland form Protestant Union under Christian of Anhalt and Frederick IV of the Palatinate
PH :
Jesuit State of Paraguay established
RP :
St.Francis de Sales: Introduction à la vie dévote
ED :
Edward Grimestone: A General History of the Netherlands
RP :
William Perkins: A Discourse of the Damned Art of Witchecraft (posth.)
ST :
Dutch scientist Johann Lippershey invents the telescope
ST :
Samuel de Champlain founds a Fr. settlement at Quebec
ST :
Galileo constructs astronomical telescope
DL :
First checks "cash letters" in use in Netherlands
DL :
Royal Blackheath Golf Club, London, founded
1609
LT :
William Shakespeare: Cymbeline; unauthorized publication of Sonnets
LT :
Ben Jonson: Masque of Queens and Epicoene: or, The Silent Woman
M :
Orlande de Lassus : Jubilus B. Mariae Virginis
100 settings of the Magnificat, published by his sons after his death
PH :
Twelve years truce between Spain and Holland
RP :
Bacon: De sapienta veterum
RP :
Catholic League of Ger. princes formed at Munich against Protestant Union of May 1608
ED :
Garcilaso de la Vaga: History of the Conquest of Peru
RP :
Congregation of Female Jesuits founded (dissolved by Pope Urban VIII)
RP :
Hugo Grotius: Mare Librum , advocating freedom of the sea
RP :
The Emperor Rudolf II permits freedom of religion in Bohemia
M :
Orlando Gibbons: Fantazies of Three Parts., first example of engraved music in England
ST :
Charles Butler: De fiminine monarchie, or a Treatise concerning Bees
ST :
Henry Hudson explores Delaware Bay and Hudson River
ST :
Johann Kepler: De motibus stellae Maris
DL :
Founding of Bank of Amsterdam
DL :
Founding of Charterhouse public school
DL :
Tea from China shipped for first time to Europe by Dutch East India Company
DL :
Tin-enameled ware made at Delft
1610
LT :
William Shakespeare: The Winter's Tale
LT :
Ben Jonson: The Alchemist
LT :
John Donne: Pseudo-Martyr and A Funerall Elegie
M :
Claudio Monteverdi : Vespers
PH :
Henry IV of France assassinated; succeeded by his son Louis XIII (age 9), with Maria de'Medici as Regent
PH :
Prince Henry, eldest son of King James I, created Prince of Wales
PH :
Czar Vasili Shisky deposed; Russ throne offered to Vladislva, son of Sigismund III of Poland
PH :
Elector Palatine Frederick IV dies; succeeded by his son Frederick V
LT :
Academy of Poetry founded at Padua
RP :
John Cowell's Interpreter burned by the common hangman for enhancing authority of the crown
RP :
St. Francis de Sales founds, with Mme. de Chantal, Order of the Visitation nuns
ED :
Nicholas and Dorothy Wadham found Wadham College, Oxford
ST :
Jean Beguin: Tyrocinium chymicum, first textbook on chemistry
ST :
Galileo observes Jupiter's satellites, naming them "sideria Medicea"
ST :
Thomas Harriott discovers sunspots
ST :
Nicolas Pieresc discovers Orion nebula
ST :
John Speed: Theatrum of Great Britain, collection of maps
DL :
Dutch East India Company introduces the term "share"
ED :
The Stationers' Company begins to send a copy of every book printed in England to Bodleian Library, Oxford
VA :
Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio) dies
1611
LT :
William Shakespeare: The Tempest
LT :
John Donne: An Anatomy of the World and Ignatius his Conclave
M :
William Byrd : Psalmes, Songs & Sonnets
PH :
Dissolution of Parliament by James I
PH :
War of Calmar declared by Denmark on Sweden
PH :
Archduke Matthias crowned King of Bohemia; the Emperor Rudolf II resigns Bohemian crown
PH :
Charles IX of Sweden dies , Gustavus II elected King
LT :
George Chapman completes his translation of Homer's Iliad
RP :
Authorized version of the Holy Bible "King James Bible" published
RP :
Etienne Pasquier: Les Recherches de la France
ED :
John Speed: A History of Great Britain
ED :
University of Rome founded
ST :
Marco de Dominis published scientific explanation of rainbow
DL :
Dutch merchants permitted to trade in Japan
DL :
James I institutes the baronetage as a means of raising money
1612
LT :
Anne Bradstreet born
LT :
William Shakespeare: Henry VIII
LT :
George Herbert publishes first verses (two memorial poems in Latin on the death of Prince Henry, the heir apparent)
LT :
Michael Drayton: Poly-Olbion
LT :
John Donne: Of the Progress of the Soul
PH :
The Emperor Rudolf II dies; succeeded by Matthias, King of Bohemia
PH :
Treaty between the Dutch and the King of Kandy in Ceylon
ED :
Accademia della Crusca publishes the Ital. Vocabolario
RP :
Jakob Böhme: Aurora, oder Morgenröte im Aufgant, mystical philosophy
RP :
Last recorded burning of heretics in England
RP :
Sir John Davies: Discoverie of the True Causes Why Ireland Was Not Entirely Subdued
RP :
Roger Fenton: Treatie of Usurie
ST :
Simon Marius rediscovers Andromeda nebula
ST :
Antonio Neri: L'Arte vetraria, manual on glassmaking
ST :
Bartholomew Pitiscus, Ger. Mathematician, uses decimal point in his trigonometrical tables
ST :
John Smith: A Map of Virginia
ST :
Earliest colonisation of the Bermudas from Virginia
DL :
Tobacco planted in Virginia
1613
PH :
Peace of Knärod ends Dan.-Swed. War of Calmar
PH :
Protestant Union of Germany signs treaty of alliance with Holland
PH :
Eng. colonists in Virginia destroy Fr. settlement at Port Royal, Nova Scotia; prevent Fr. colonisation of Maryland
PH :
Michael Romanov, son of the patriarch of Moscow, elected Czar of Russia, founding the House of Romanov
PH :
Turks invade Hungary
LT :
Fire destroys Globe Theatre, London
RP :
Oliver de Serra: The Causes of Wealth
RP :
Francisco Suarez: Defensio catholicae fidei contra anglicanae sectae errores
M :
Pietro Cerone: El Malopeo y maestro, musical history and theory
ST :
Samuel de Champlain explores Ottawa River to Alumette Island
DL :
Amsterdam Exchange built
DL :
Belfast granted charter of incorporation
DL :
Copper coins come into use
DL :
John Dennys: The Secrets of Angling
1614
LT :
Ben Jonson: Bartholomew Fair
M :
Claudio Monteverdi : Book VI of Madrigals
(including 'Arianna's Lament')
PH :
James I's second Parliament - "The Addled Parliament" - meets and refuses to discuss finance; dissolved
PH :
Maria, Queen Regent of France, summons the States General of France to counteract power of nobility
PH :
Treaty of Xanten: Jülich-Cleves divided between Brandenburg and Neuburg
PH :
Virginian colonists prevent Fr. settlements in Maine and Nova Scotia
ED :
Sir Walter Raleigh: The History of the World
DL :
Danish East India Company founded
ED :
University of Groningen, Holland, founded
RP :
John Napier: Mirifici logarithmorum canonis descriptio
ST :
Santorio Santorio: De medicina statica, study of metabolism and perspiration
DL :
Founders' Company, London, incorporated
DL :
The North American Pocahontas, an Indian princess, marries John Rolfe; from their son descend many celebrated persons
1615
M :
Girolamo Frescobaldi : First Book of Toccatas
M :
Girolamo Frescobaldi : Book of ricercari
PH :
Peace of Tyrnau: the Emperor Matthias recognises Bethlen Gabor as Prince of Transylvania; confirms treaty with Turks
LT :
George Chapman completes his translation of Homer's Odyssey
RP :
William Camden: Annales rerum Anglicarum, of the reign of Elizabeth I
ED :
Theodore Agrippa d'Aubigné's Histoire Universelle, a Huguenot-inspired survey from 1553 to 1602, officially burnt in Paris
RP :
Jesuits count 13,112 members in 32 provinces
RP :
Antoine de Montchrétien: Traité de l'économie politique, mercantilistic tendencies
ST :
Galileo Galilei faces the inquisition for the first time
DL :
Frankfurter Oberpostamts-Zeitung founded by Egenolph Emmel
DL :
Merchant Adventurers granted monopoly for export of Eng. cloth
1616
LT :
Ben Jonson: The Devil is an Ass and Works, in folio
PH :
Sir Walter Raleigh released from Tower to lead expedition to Guiana in search of El Dorado
PH :
Ieyasu of Japan dies; succeeded by Hidetada, a militant enemy of Christianity
PH :
James I begins to sell peerages to improve serious financial position
PH :
War between Venice and Austria
RP :
Johann Valentin Andrea: Chymische Hochzeit Christiani Rosenkreutz, beginning of formation of the Rosicrucians
RP :
Paulus Bolduanus: Bibliotheca philosophica
RP :
Catholic oppression intensified in Bohemia
RP :
St.Francis de Sales: Traité de l'amour de Dieu
RP :
Notre Dame Cathedral, Antwerp, finished
M :
Collegium Musicum founded at Prague
ST :
William Baffin discovers Baffin Bay while searching for a Northwest Passage
ST :
First rounding of Cape Horn by Willem Schouter and Jacob Lemaire
ST :
Galileo prohibited by Catholic Church from further scientific work
Dutch astronomer and mathematician Willebrord Snellius discovers the law of refraction
DL :
Gustavus Selenus: Chess, or the Game of Kings
LT :
William Shakespeare dies 23 April
1617
PH :
Peace of Stolbovo ends war between Russia and Sweden; Gustavus Adolphus recognises Czar Michael, returns to Novgorod, and obtains Karelia
LT :
James I makes Ben Jonson poet laureate
ED :
Duytsche Academie founded in Amsterdam
RP :
Papal bull of Leo X: Epistolae obscurorum virorum
M :
J.H.Schein: Banchetto musicale, first dance suite
ST :
Willebrord Snellius established technique of trigonometrical triangulation for cartography
DL :
"Stuart collars" become a fashion for men and women
VA :
Gerard Ter Borch born
1618
LT :
John Donne: Holy Sonnets
PH :
Peace of Madrid ratified, ending war between Venice and Austria
PH :
Prince Philip William of Orange dies; succeeded by his brother Maurice of Nassau
PH :
Count Matthias von Thurn leads Bohemians to revolt against Catholic policy of the Regents in Prague
PH :
Defenestration in Prague, when the Regents Jaroslav von Martinitz and William Slawata are thrown down from windows in Hradcany Palace by the rebels; beginning of Thirty Years' War
PH :
Ferdinand of Styria crowned King of Hungary
PH :
Duke Alber of Prussia dies; his possessions pass to the Electorate of Brandenburg
PH :
Sir Walter Raleigh returns to England and is executed
PH :
Poland signs two-year truce with Sweden, 14-years truce with Turkey
LT :
Marquise de Rambouillet starts her literary salon in Paris
LT :
Teatro Farnese opened at Parma
RP :
Robert Balfour: Commentarii in organum logicum Aristotelis
RP :
John Stow and E.Howes: Summarie of Englyshe Chronicles
ST :
Martin Böhme: Ein neu Buch von bewehrten Rosz-Arzteneyen, veterinary science
DL :
Founding of Dutch West African Company
ST :
Kepler: Harmonices mundi, stating the third law of planetary motion
ST :
Royal College of Physicians, London, issues Pharmacopoia Londinensis
ST :
Johann Jakob Scheuchzer: Natural History of the Swiss Landscape
DL :
James I: Book of Sports, the Puritans object to playing of popular sports
LT :
Sir Walter Raleigh dies 29 October
LT :
Richard Lovelace born 6 December
1619
M :
Heinrich Schütz : Psalmen Davids
PH :
Maria de'Medici challenges power of her son Louis XIII of France; Treaty of Angoulém ends conflict
PH :
The Emperor Matthias dies; Archduke Ferdinand, who assumes crown of Bohemia, is elected Holy Roman Emperor
PH :
Bohemian Diet deposes Ferdinand, and elects Frederick V, Elector Palatine, son-in-law of James I of England, King of Bohemia; Frederick, "The Winter King", crowned in Prague
PH :
First representative colonial assembly in America held at Jamestown, VA
RP :
Johann Valentin Andreae: Chritianopolis
RP :
Jakob Böhmne: On the Principles of Christianity
RP :
Hugo Grotius: De veritate religionis Christianae
RP :
Pietro Sarpi: Istoria del Concilio Tridentino published in London
RP :
Luciló Vanini, Ital. Catholic philosopher, burned as a heretic
ED :
Dulwich College, London, founded
ST :
John Bainbridge: An Astronomical Description of the Late Comet
ST :
Jan Pieters Coen, Dutch explorer founds Batavia
ST :
William Harvey announces his discovery of the circulation of the blood
DL :
Giro-Bank, Hamburg, founded to improve "desolate state of currency"
DL :
A Dutch ship brings the first permanent African settlers to Jamestown
1620
M :
Samuel Scheidt : Cantiones sacrae
PH :
Revolt of Fr. nobles against Louis XIII; Richelieu makes peace
PH :
War between Sweden and Poland
PH :
Massacre of Protestants in the Valtelline
PH :
Agreement of Ulm between Ger. Catholic League and Protestant Union
PH :
Pilgrim Fathers, leave Plymouth, England, in "Mayflower" and found Plymouth Colony in Mass. GO !
RP :
Battle of the White Mountain near Prague: Protestant clergy expelled
RP :
Johan Heinrich Alsted: Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta
RP :
Francis Bacon: Instauratio magna: novum organum scientiarum
M :
Michael Praetorius: Syntagma musicum, musical encyclopedia
ST :
Edmund Gunter: Canon triangulorum, treatise on logarithms
ED :
Uppsala University Library founded
ST :
J.P. Bonet: The Art to Teach Dumb People to Speak, Span. manual
DL :
Oliver Cromwell denounced because he participates in the "disreputable game of cricket"
VA :
Aelbert Cuyp born
1621
PH :
Frederick V, Elector Palatine, placed under the ban of the Holy Roman Empire; war moves from Bohemia to the Palatinate
PH :
Francis Bacon, charged in Parliament with corruption, is fined £40,000, imprisoned, and declared incapable of holding office; pardoned by the King
PH :
Philip III of Spain dies; succeeded by his son Philip IV
PH :
Huguenot rebellion against Louis XIII
PH :
Twelve years truce between Holland and Spain ends; war resumed
LT :
Fortune Theatre, London, burnt down
RP :
Robert Burton: The Anatomy of Melancholy
RP :
Pope Paul V dies; Alexander Ludovisi becomes Pope Gregory XV
ST :
English attempt to colonise Newfoundland and Nova Scotia
ST :
Dutch West India Company chartered
ST :
Johann Kepler: The Epitome of the Copernican Astronomer banned by the Roman Catholic Church
ED :
University of Strasbourg opened
DL :
Corante, or newes from Italy, Germany, Hungarie, Spaine, and France, first periodical published with news issued in London
DL :
Potatoes planted in Germany for first time
LT :
Andrew Marvell born 31 March
LT :
Henry Vaughan born 17 April
M :
Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck dies 16 October
1622
PH :
Ferdinand II and Bethlen Gabor sign peace treaty
PH :
Treaty of Montpellier ends rebellion of the Huguenots
PH :
James I dissolves Eng. Parliament
ED :
Francis Bacon: History of the Regin of Henry VII
RP :
Jaboc Böhme: De signatura rerum
RP :
Pope Gregory XV canonises Philip Neri and grants Piarists a constitution
RP :
Bacon: Historia naturalis et experiementalis
ED :
Benedictine University of Salzburg founded
RP :
Camillio Baldo: Treatise of How to Perceive from a Letter the Nature and Character of the Person Who Wrote It
DL :
Papal chancellery adopts 1 January as beginning of the year - up to then, 25 March
DL :
Weekeley Newes issued in London for the first time
1623
PH :
Commercial treaty between Holland and Persia
PH :
Gustavus Adolphus reforms central administration of Sweden
LT :
Maciej Sarbiewski, the "Polish Horace", crowned laureate in Rome by the Pope
RP :
William Drummond: A Cypresse Grove philosophical thoughts on death
RP :
Pope Gregor XV dies; Maffeo Barberini becomes Pope Urban VIII
ED :
Bibliotheca Palatina removed from Heidelberg to Rome
ST :
New Netherlands in America formally organised as a province
