Sonderbund War in Switzerland; Catholic cantons refuse to dissolve union
ED :
W.H. Prescott: History of the Conquest of Peru
ED :
Louius Blanc: History of the Revolution
RP :
Karl Marx attacks Proudhon's Philosophy of Poverty in The Poverty of Philosophy
RP :
The Mormons found Salt Lake City
RP :
Leopold von Ranke: Neun Bücher preussicher Geschichte
ST :
George Bool: Mathematical Analysis of Logic
ST :
Evaporated milk made for the first time
DL :
First Swiss railroad between Baden and Zurich opens
ST :
Helmholtz: On the Conservation of Energy
ST :
I.T. Semmelweis, Hungarian physician, discovers connection between childbed fever and puerperal infection
DL :
British Factory Act restricts the working day for women and children (between 13 and 18) to 10 hours
DL :
First Roman Catholic working men's club, Cologne, Germany
DL :
Gold discoveries in California lead to first gold rush
M :
Felix Mendelssohn dies 4 November
1848
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Isabella
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Lohengrin
M :
Franz Liszt : Trois études de concert
(including 'Un Sospiro')
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Les Préludes
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
(Years of Pilgrimage) for piano, Book I
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Overture, Kamarinskaya
PH :
King Christian VIII of Denmark dies; succeeded by Frederick III
PH :
Revolt in Paris; Louis Philippe abdicates, Louis Napoleon elected President of French Republic in December
PH :
Revolutions in Venice, Berlin, Milan and Parma
PH :
Second Sikh War begins
PH :
Sardinia declares war on Austria
PH :
Revolutions in Vienna, the emperor abdicates in favour of his nephew who becomes Emperor Francis Joseph I
PH :
Nasr-ed-Din becomes Shah of Persia
PH :
Switzerland, by its new constitution, becomes a federal union
PH :
Ibrahim, Viceroy of Egypt, dies; succeeded by Abbas
PH :
Revolt in Rome; Pius IX flees to Gaeta
ED :
Jakob Grimm: History of the German Language
ED :
Macaulay: History of England
RP :
Communist Manifesto issued by Marx and Engels
RP :
Spiritualism becomes popular in U.S.
DL :
Böttger: first safety matches
ST :
First appendectomy by Hancock
DL :
Serfdom abolished in Austria
RP :
Bismarck founds the Neue Preussische Zeitung, Marx the Neue Rheinische Zeitung
DL :
First Public Health Act in Britain
DL :
First settlers arrive in New Zealand
DL :
New York News Agency founded (will become Associated Press in 1856)
DL :
Sebastian Kneipp introduces cold-water cures as Worrishofen, Germany
PH :
2 February - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-U.S. war GO !
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry born 27 February
M :
Gaetano Domenico Maria Donizetti dies 8 April
VA :
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin born 7 June
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte born 19 August
1849
LT :
Mathew Arnold: The Strayed Reveller and other Poems
VA :
Gustave Courbet : Stonebreakers
M :
Robert Schumann : Incidental music
to Byron's verse-drama Manfred
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
Book II
M :
Franz Liszt : Totentanz, (Dance of Death), for piano and orchestra
M :
Franz Liszt : Piano Concertos
No.1 and No.2
PH :
Rome proclaimed a republic under Guiseppe Mazzini
PH :
Charles Albert of Sardinia abdicates in favour of his son Victor Emmanuel II
PH :
Peace of Milan ends war
PH :
Zachary Taylor inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
PH :
German National Assembly passes constitution; elects King Frederick William IV of Prussia "Emperor of the Germans"; he refuses to accept
PH :
Hungarian Diet proclaims independence
PH :
Revolts in Dresden and Baden
RP :
French enter Rome and restore Pope Pius IX
ED :
J.M. Kemble: History of the Saxons in England
ED :
Who's Who begins publication
ST :
Fizeau measures speed of light
ST :
Amyl isolated
ED :
Bedford College for Women, London, founded
DL :
Amelia Bloomer begins American women's dress reform
VA :
John William Waterhouse born 6 April
M :
Frederic Chopin dies 17 October
1850
LT :
William Wordsworth: The Prelude
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: In Memoriam
LT :
William Cullen Bryant: The Letters of a Traveller
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Sonnets from the Portuguese
LT :
Robert Browning: Christmas Eve and Easter Day
VA :
Camille Corot : Morning, the Dance of the Nymphs
M :
Robert Schumann : Symphony
No.3, 'Rhenish'
M :
Franz Liszt : Liebersträume
(Dreams of Love), for piano
M :
Franz Liszt : Consolations
for piano
M :
Adolphe Adam : Opera, Giralda
M :
Hector Berlioz : Te Deum
VA :
William Holman Hunt : Claudio and Isabella
VA :
William Holman Hunt : A Converted British Family
Sheltering a Christian Missionary
from the Persecution of the Druids
PH :
Outbreak of Anglo-Kaffir War
PH :
Prussia and Denmark sign Peace of Berlin on Schleswig-Holstein
PH :
U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore becomes 13th president GO !
PH :
Taiping rebellion in China; Hung Hiu-tseun proclaims himself emperor
RP :
Church council to manage Protestant churches in Prussia
ED :
Public Libraries Act in Britain
RP :
Schopenhauer: Parerga und Paralipomena
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Social Statics, beginnings of sociology
M :
Foundation of Bach-Gesellschaft to publish the complete works of J.S. Bach
ST :
R.W. Bunsen produces gas burner
ST :
Rudolf Clausius formulates second law of thermodynamics, and kinetic theory of gases
ST :
The speed of nervous impulse established
ST :
Pafnut Chebyshev: On Primary Numbers
DL :
Old age insurance in France
ST :
Royal Meteorological Society founded
ED :
School of Mines, London (to becomes College of Science and Technology), founded
ED :
University of Sydney, Australia, established
LT :
William Wordsworth dies 23 April
1851
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Ophelia
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Casa Guidi Windows
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : Harvest
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Rigoletto
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Mazeppa
M :
Franz Liszt : Transcendental Studies
for piano
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Souvenir d'une nuit d'été à Madrid
(Second Spanish Overture)
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Symphony No.2, Ocean
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Mariana
PH :
Cuba declares its independence
PH :
Beginning of Basuto War
PH :
Coup d'état of Louis Napoleon; plebiscite in France favours new constitution
PH :
Danilo II converts Montenegro into a secular principality
RP :
Vincenzo Gioberti: Il Rinnovamento civile d'Italia
ST :
Franz Neumann: law of electromagnetic induction
ST :
Isaac Singer devises the continuous stitch sewing machine
RP :
Mary Carpenter: Reformatory Schools...for Juvenile Offenders
DL :
First double-decker bus introduced
DL :
The New York Times appears
DL :
Maine and Illinois begins to enforce prohibition against liquor
VA :
Joseph Mallord William Turner dies 19 December
1852
LT :
William Cullen Bryant: The Fountain, and other Poems
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Empedocles on Etna, and Other Poems
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : El Sitio Zaragoza
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Il Trovatore
('The Troubadour')
M :
Adolphe Adam : Opera, Si j'étais roi
('If I Were King')
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Sonatas No.1 and No.2
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Thomas the Fool
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Ophelia
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : A Huguenot on St Bartolomew's Day
VA :
William Holman Hunt : On English Coasts
PH :
South African Republic (Transvaal) established
PH :
New French constitution gives president monarchical powers, Louis Napoleon proclaims himself Emperor Napoleon III
PH :
Outbreak of Second Burmese War
RP :
The Convocation of the Church of England revived
ST :
Delisle begins the study of modern paleography
RP :
First Plenary Council of American Roman Catholics held in Baltimore
ED :
Rank: History of France
ST :
C.F. Gerhardt: New Theory of Organic Compounds
ST :
David Livingstone explores Zambezi
ST :
Dutch army surgeon Mathysen impregnates bandages with plaster
ST :
Herbert Spencer: The Development Hypothesis (first use of the word "evolution")
ST :
James Sylvester: Calculus of Forms
DL :
The U.S. imports sparrows from Germany as defence against caterpillars
DL :
First Congress of Co-operative Societies meets in London
DL :
Formation of United All-English Cricket Eleven
VA :
Edwin Austin Abbey born
1853
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : The Reconciliation
VA :
Edmund Blair Leighton born
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee born
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Poems with the famous "preface" (Arnold's first important critical essay)
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, La Traviata
('The Woman Gone Astray')
M :
Robert Schumann : Scenes
from Goethe's Faust, for chorus and orchestra
M :
Franz Liszt : Piano Sonata
in B-minor
VA :
William Holman Hunt : The Awakening Conscience
PH :
Peace between Britain and Burma
PH :
Crimean War begins
PH :
Maria II of Portugal dies; succeeded by her son Pedro V
RP :
Johann Herzog: Encyclopaedia of Protestant Theology
ED :
Mommsen: History of Rome
RP :
Hippolyte Taine: Essai sur les fables de La Fontaine
M :
Henry Steinway and his three sons begins the New York firm of piano manufacturers
ED :
Melbourne University founded
ST :
Alexander Wood uses hypodermic syringe for subcutaneous injections
ST :
Queen Victoria allows choloroform to be administered to her during the birth of her seventh child, thus ensuring its place as an anaesthetic in Britain
DL :
Telegraph system established in India
DL :
Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
VA :
Howard Pyle born
VA :
Vincent van Gogh born 30 March
1854
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Das Rheingold
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Orpheus
M :
Hector Berlioz : Oratorio, The Childhood of Christ
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Joan of Arc
VA :
William Holman Hunt : The Scapegoat
PH :
Convention of Bloemfontein
PH :
Britain and France conclude alliance with Turkey and declare war on Russia
PH :
"War for Bleeding Kansas" between free and slave states in U.S. GO !
PH :
Elgin Treaty between Britain and U.S. on Canadian trade
RP :
George Boole: An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities
RP :
Jewish seminary established at Breslau
DL :
Juvenile Offenders Act in Great Britain
RP :
Pope Pius IX declares the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary to be an article of faith
ST :
Christian Ehrenberg: Microgeology
ST :
Laryngoscope invented
ST :
First form of lightbulb developed
ST :
Georg Riemann: On the Hypotheses Forming the Foundation of Geometry
ED :
University College, Dublin, founded
DL :
Northcote-Trevelyan report leads to British Civil Service Commission
ED :
Working Men's College, London, founded
PH :
Abbas I, Viceroy of Egypt assassinated; succeeded by Mohammed Said
M :
Leoš Janácek born 3 July
M :
John Phillip Sousa born 6 November
1855
VA :
Arthur Hughes : April Love
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Autumn Leaves
LT :
Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Maud
LT :
Robert Browning: Men and Women
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Poems, Second Series
VA :
Gustave Courbet : The Painter's Studio
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, Les Deux aveugles
('The Two Blind Men')
M :
Georges Bizet : Symphony in C
PH :
Czar Nicholas I of Russia dies; succeeded by Alexander II
PH :
Britain and Afghanistan join against Persia in Treaty of Peshawar
PH :
Taiping Rebellion ends
RP :
Henry Milman: History of Latin Christianity
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Principles of Psychology
DL :
George Audemars patents rayon production
ED :
Professorship of technology created at Edinburgh University
ST :
Printing telegraph invented
ST :
Tungsten steel developed
ST :
Mathew Maury: Physical Geography of the Sea
DL :
First iron Cunard steamer crosses Atlantic
DL :
Founding of The Daily Telegraph, London
DL :
London sewers modernised after outbreak of cholera
ST :
Florence Nightingale introduces hygienic standards into military hospitals during Crimean War
1856
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Home from the Sea
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : The Fisherman and the Siren
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Die Walküre
('The Valkyrie')
M :
Franz Liszt : Dante Symphony
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Valse-fantaisie, ('Fantasy Waltz') for orchestra
M :
Adolphe Adam : Ballet, Le Corsaire
M :
Georges Bizet : Operetta, Le Docteur Miracle
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : The Source
DL :
Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross
PH :
Reform edict in Turkish Empire; peace conference in Paris recognises integrity of Turkey
PH :
Anglo-Chin. war begins
PH :
Brit.-Persian war begins
ED :
J.A. Foude: History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Deafeat of the Armada
ED :
Theodor Goldstücker: Sanskrit Dictionary
RP :
Rudolf Lotze: Mikrokosmos
RP :
Hippolyte Taine: Les Philosophes classiques du XIXe siècle en France
ED :
Alexis de Tocqueville: L'Ancien régime et la révolution
ST :
Pure cocaine extracted from cocoa beans
ED :
Neanderthal skull found in Feldhofer Cave near Düsseldorf
DL :
"Big Ben" cast at Whitechapel Bell Foundry
VA :
John Singer Sargent born
M :
Heinrich Heine dies 17 February
M :
Adolphe Adam dies 3 May
M :
Robert Schumann dies 29 July
1857
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Aurora Leigh
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Simon Boccanegra
(later revised)
M :
Franz Liszt : Faust Symphony
PH :
Peace of Paris ends Anglo-Persian war
PH :
Indian Mutiny against British rule
PH :
Garibaldi forms Italian National Association for unification of the country
PH :
Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians) founded
ED :
Henry T. Buckle: History of Civilisation in England
RP :
Ernest Renan: Etudes d'histoire religieuse
VA :
Victoria and Albert Museum, London, opened
M :
Charles Hallé founds the Hallé concerts in Manchester
ST :
Pasteur proves that fermentation is caused by living organisms
DL :
Alpine Club, London, founded
DL :
Financial and economic crisis throughout Europe, caused by speculation in U.S. railroad shares
DL :
Matrimonial Causes Act in Britain
DL :
First safety elevator installed
ED :
Science Museum, South Kensington, London, founded
DL :
Transatlantic cable laid
DL :
Czar Alexander II begins the emancipation of serfs in Russia
M :
Mikhail Glinka dies 15 February
M :
Edward Elgar born 2 June
1858
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Opera, Scherz, List und Rache
('Joke, Trick and Revenge')
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Un Ballo in maschera
('A Masked Ball')
M :
Johann Strauss II : Polkas, Champagne and Tritsch-Tratsch
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, Orphée aux enfers
('Orpheus in the Underwold'), later revised
M :
Johannes Brahms : Serenade
No.1 for orchestra
M :
Hector Berlioz : Opera, The Trojans
PH :
Treaty of Tientsin ends Anglo-Chin. war
PH :
British proclaim peace in India
PH :
Prince William of Prussia declared regent for the insane King Frederick William IV
PH :
Alexander Karageorgevich deposed by Serbian Diet; Milos Obrenovic declared king
RP :
The Blessed Virgin Mary reputed to have appeared at Lourdes, France
RP :
Henry Carey: Principles of Social Science
ED :
Thomas Carlyle: Frederick the Great
RP :
The Paulist Fathers founded by American Catholic priest Issac Hecker
RP :
Lionel de Rothschild becomes first Jewish member of British Parliament
RP :
Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church
M :
New York Symphony gives its first public concert
ST :
T.H. Huxley: The Theory of the Vetebrate Skulls
ST :
Mirror galvanometer invented
DL :
National Association of Baseball Players organised in America
DL :
Ottawa becomes capital of Canada
DL :
South Foreland lighthouse lit by electricity
M :
Giacomo Puccini dies 29 November
M :
Giacomo Puccini born 23 December
1859
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Knight of the Sun
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : Symphony No.1, La Nuit des Tropiques
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : On the Oise
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : The Flood-Gate at Optevoz
The King of Naples surrenders, Italy proclaimed a kingdom by Parliament, with Victor Emmanuel II as king
PH :
Warsaw Massacre- troops fire at demonstrators against Russian rule
DL :
Emancipation of Russian serfs
PH :
Sultan Abdul Mejid of Turkey dies; succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz
PH :
Pedro V of Portugal dies; succeded by Louis I
ED :
Vladimir Dahl: Dictionary of the Living Russian Tongue
RP :
Ferdinand Lassalle: System of Assigned Rights
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Education: Moral, Intellectual, Physical
RP :
Arthur P. Stanley: Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church
M :
Royal Academy of Music, London, founded
ST :
Archaeopteryx: skeleton of link between reptiles and bird discovered
ST :
Thallium discovered
ST :
First machine-chilled cold storage unit built
DL :
Daily weather forecasts are begun in Britain
DL :
Queen Victoria creates the Order of the Star of India
DL :
U.S. introduces passport system
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning dies 29 June
VA :
John William Godward born 9 August
1862
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Goblin Market and Other Poems
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Last Poems (posth.)
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : Union
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, The Queen of Spades
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, La Forza del destino
('The Force of Destiny')
M :
Johann Strauss II : Musical scherzo, Perpetuum Mobile
M :
Anton Bruckner : String Quartet
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Quintet
M :
Hector Berlioz : Opera, Beatrice and Benedict
PH :
King Otto I of Greece resigns after military revolt
ED :
James Bruce: The Holy Roman Empire
ED :
George Rawlinson: The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World
RP :
Herbert Specner: First Principles
ST :
Lion Foucault successfully measures the speed of light
ST :
Helmholtz: The Doctrine of the Sensations of Tones
DL :
Swiss humanist Jean Henri Duanant proposes in his book Souvenir de
Solferinio the foundation of an international Voluntary
relief organisation - the Red Cross
DL :
International Exhibition, London
M :
Frederick Delius born 29 January
VA :
Gustav Klimt born 14 July
M :
Claude Debussy born 22 August
1863
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Ophelia
VA :
Jessie Willcox Smith born
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : The Birth of Venus
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Opera, Die Loreley
M :
Bedrich Smetana : Opera, The Brandenburgers in Bohemia
M :
Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Petite messe solennelle
('Little Solemn Mass')
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso
for violin and orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms :
String Quartet No.2
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, Les Pêcheurs de perles
('The Pearl Fishers')
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Songs
'The Seminarist', 'Darling Savishna'
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
Book III
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.1
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, La Source
also known as Naila
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, La joie fille de Perth
VA :
Claude Monet : Jeanne-Marguerite Lecadre
PH :
Alexander Xuza, Prince of Rumania, dethroned; succeeded by Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern, as King Carol I
PH :
Treaty of Vienna ends Austro-Ital. war
PH :
Revolts in Crete against Turkish rule
ED :
Pierre Larousse: Grand dictionnaire universel du XIX siècle
RP :
Friedrich Lange: History of Materialism
RP :
American Evangelical Alliance founded
ST :
Aeronautical Society of Great Britain founded
ST :
Ernst Haeckel: General Morphology (fundamental law of biogenetics)
ST :
Dynamite invented
ST :
Underwater torpedo invented
DL :
"Black Friday" on London Stock Exchange
DL :
Dr. T.J. Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children at Stepney, London
M :
Erik Satie born 17 May
VA :
Wassily Kandinsky born in Moscow
1867
LT :
Walt Whitman: Democratic Vistas I
LT :
Mathew Arnold: On the Study of Celtic Literature
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, La Grand'tante
('The Great Aunt')
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, The Jolly Robbers
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
('The Mastersingers of Nuremberg')
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Art and Literature
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltzes, The Blue Danube and An Artist's Life
M :
Bedrich Smetana : Opera, Dalibor
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : 'Symphonic Picture', Sadko
(later revised as an opera)
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song
'Gathering Mushrooms'
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : St John's Night on the Bare Mountain
for orchestra (later revised by Rimsky and Mussorgsky)
M :
Franz Liszt : Oratorio, Christus
M :
Edvard Grieg : Lyric Pieces
for Piano, Book I
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.1
VA :
Jean-Frédéric Bazille : The Artist's Family on a Terrace near Montpellier
VA :
Edouard Manet : The Execution
VA :
Ernest Meissonier : Information:
VA :
Alfred Sisley : Avenue of Chestnut Trees Near Le Celle St. Cloud
VA :
Gavin Hamilton : The Oath of Brutus
VA :
William Holman Hunt : Self Portrait
DL :
The Queensberry Rules, by John Graham Chambers of the London Amateur Athletic Club
PH :
Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy created by "Ausgleich"; Francis Joseph I crowned King of Hungary at Budapest
PH :
Brit. Parliamentary Reform Act
ST :
Discovery of S. African diamond field
ED :
E.A. Freeman: History of the Norman Conquest
PH :
Fenian outrages in Ireland and in Manchester
ST :
Gold discovered in Wyoming
ST :
Livingstone explores Congo
RP :
Marx: Das Kapital, vol. I
PH :
N. German Confederation founded
PH :
Napoleon III withdraws his support from Maximilian in Mexico; Maximilian executed
VA :
Paris World's Fair introduces Japanese art to the West
DL :
Pierre Michaux begins to manufacture bicycles
RP :
Pope Pius IX, on the 18th centenary of the St. Peter and St. Paul, announces his intention to hold an ecumenical council
LT :
Reclams Universal Bibliothek, first of all paperback series, founded at Leipzig
RP :
Walter Bagehot: The English Constitution
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres dies 14 January
VA :
Arthur Rackham born
VA :
Pierre-Etienne-Théodore Rousseau dies 22 December
1868
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Rape
VA :
Edouard Manet : The Balcony
VA :
Jean-François Millet : Spring
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti : La Pia de'Tolomei
LT :
Walt Whitman: Democratic Vistas II
LT :
Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book
VA :
Gustave Courbet : The Source
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : The Fallen Angel
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.1 in G-minor
M :
Johann Strauss II : Polka, Thunder and Lightning
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Tales from the Vienna Woods
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Piano Concerto
No.2
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Symphony
No.2, 'Antar' (later revised as an 'Oriental Suite')
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, La Périchole
M :
Edvard Grieg : Piano Concerto
in A-minor
M :
Anton Bruckner : Mass
No.3, for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms :
A German Requiem
VA :
Jean-Frédéric Bazille : View of the Village
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : Acme and Septimius
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : Jonathon's Token to David
RP :
A.H. Stephens: A Constitutional View of the War between the States
ED :
Aust. schools freed from Church control
RP :
Bakunin founds Alliance internationale de la démocratie sociale
ST :
Charles Darwin: The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
VA :
Development of French impressionist style
DL :
Earliest recorded bicycle race at the Parc de St. Cloud, Paris
RP :
Ernst Haeckel: Natural History of Creation
PH :
King Michael III of Serbia assassinated; succeeded by Milan IV
PH :
Revolution in Spain; Queen Isabella II is deposed and flees to France
PH :
Shogun Kekei of Japan abdicates; shogunate abolished; Meiji dynasty restored
ST :
Skeleton of Cro-Magnon man from Upper Paleolithic age found in France
DL :
The game of badminton devised at the Kuke of Beaufort's residence, Badminton Hall, Gloucestershire
PH :
U.S. President Johnson impeached for violating Tenure-of-Office Act but acquitted by Senate GO !
DL :
Whitaker's Almanack appears in England
DL :
14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution prohibits voting discrimination, denies government office to certain Civil War rebels, and repudiates Confederate war debts
M :
Giaocchino Antonio Rossini dies 13 November
1869
VA :
Berthe Morisot : The Mother and Sister of the Artist
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Holy Grail and Other Poems
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Culture and Anarchy
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Oratorio, Der Turm zu Babel
('The Tower of Babel')
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Song, None But the Lonely Heart
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Oratorio, The Prodigal Son
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Hungarian Dances for piano duet
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Le Grenouillere
DL :
British debtors' prisons are abolished
ST :
Celluloid invented
RP :
Eduard Hartmann: The Philosophy of the Unconscious
DL :
First Nihilist Congress meets at Basel, Switzerland
DL :
First postcards introduced in Austria
ST :
Francis Galton: Hereditary Genius, pioneering treatise on eugenics
PH :
General Grant inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
ED :
Girton College, Cambridge, founded
RP :
J.S. Mill: On the Subjection of Women
RP :
Mathew Arnold: Culture and Anarchy
ST :
Mendeleyev formulates his periodic law for the classification of the elements
DL :
Opening of Suez Canal by Empress Eugénie
PH :
Parliamentary system reintroduced in France
PH :
U.S. National Prohibition Party formed in Chicago
RP :
W.E.H. Lecky: A History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlesmagne
