| | VA : | William Hogarth : Lord Hervey and his friends | | PH : | Treaty of Vienna Closes the War of Polish Succession between France and Austria. Lorraine guaranteed to France
| | M : | George Frideric Handel : Opera, Serse
(Xerxes), including 'Largo'
| | VA : | Nicolas Lancret : The Marriage Contract | | VA : | Nicolas Lancret : Summer | | VA : | Nicolas Lancret : Winter | | DL : | Papal bull "In eminenti" against Freemasonry | | ED : | Lodovico Antonnio Muratori: Antiquites Italicae | | ST : | Daniel Bernoilli: Hydrodynamica, pressure and velocity of fluids | | DL : | First cuckoo clocks in Black Forest district | | VA : | Benjamin West born 10 October |
|
|
| | RP : | The Methodist Church founded by John Wesley
| | PH : | War of Jenkins Ear begins
| | PH : | Nadir Shah sacks Delhi | | M : | George Frideric Handel : Oratorio, Saul
including 'Dead March'
| | M : | George Frideric Handel : Oratorio, Israel in Egypt
| | VA : | François Boucher : Morning Coffee | | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Portrait of Louis, Grand Dauphin of France
| | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Portrait of Louis Tocque | | PH : | Sack of Delhi by Persians under Nadir Shah | | RP : | Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia: Anti-Machiavell, against Machiavelli's philosophy of monarchy | | RP : | David Hume: A Treatise of Human Nature | | RP : | Moravian Church founded in America by Spengenberg | | ST : | American astronomer John Winthrop published his Notes on Sunspots | | DL : | Foundling Hospital established in London |
|
|
| | VA : | William Hogarth : The Shrimp Girl | | PH : | War of the Austrian Succession | | VA : | François Boucher : The Toilet of Venus | | M : | George Frideric Handel : 12 Concerti Grossi
| | M : | Tomaso Albinoni : 6 Violin Sonatas
| | VA : | William Hogarth : Captain Coram | | VA : | Giovanni Batista Piazetta : A Boy Holding a Pear | | VA : | Giovanni Batista Piazetta : The Soothsayer | | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Marie Leczinska, Queen of France
| | PH : | Frederick William I of Prussia dies; succeeded by his son Frederick II, the Great | | PH : | Charles VI dies; succeeded by his daughter Maria Theresa | | PH : | Anne, daughter of Peter the Great dies; succeeded by Czar Ivan VI | | RP : | Pope Clement XII dies; succeeded by Cardinal Prospero Lambertini as Pope Benedict XIV | | ST : | Louis Castel: Optique des colours | | ED : | University of Pennsylvania founded | | ED : | Berlin Academy of Science founded by Frederick the Great | | DL : | Frederick the Great introduces freedom of press and freedom of worship in Prussia | | DL : | Smallpox epidemic in Berlin | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau : Portrait of a Boy with a Book
| | VA : | Francesco Zuccarelli : Bacchanal | | VA : | Francesco Zuccarelli : The Rape of Europa |
|
|
| | VA : | Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini dies | | M : | George Frideric Handel : Oratorio, Messiah
| | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach : Goldberg Variations
| | VA : | François Boucher : Leda & the Swan | | PH : | Maria Theresa accepts crown of Hungary | | PH : | Czar Ivan VI deposed and imprisoned; Elizabeth, daughter of Peter the Great, becomes Czarina | | LT : | Thomas Betterton: A History of the English Stage | | LT : | Founding of Burgtheater, Vienna | | RP : | Jonathan Edwards: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, sermon delivered at Enfield, Mass. | | RP : | David Hume: Essays, Moral and Political | | ST : | Botanical Garden, Upsala, founded by Linnaeus | | DL : | Highway Act in England to improve roads | | ED : | Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England, opened | | VA : | Henry Fuseli born 7 February | | M : | Antonio Vivaldi dies 28 July |
|
|
| | PH : | Charles Albert, Elector of Bavaria, elected and crowned emperor as Charles VII | | PH : | Peace of Berlin ends First Silesian War | | RP : | Etienne Fourmont: Grammatica Sinaica | | ED : | Charles Viner: Legal Encyclopaedia | | ST : | Swiss astronomer Anders Celsius invents centigrade thermometer | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Prussian
Sonatas
| | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach : The Well-Tempered Clavier,
second book
| | VA : | William Hogarth : The Graham Children | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Marie Adelaide of France as Flora
|
|
|
| | VA : | William Hogarth : Characters and Caricaturas | | PH : | Maria Theresa crowned at Prague | | PH : | Alliance between Austria and Saxony | | RP : | Pogroms in Russia | | ST : | French geographer Jean d'Anville "Map of Italy" | | ED : | University of Erlangen, Germany, founded | | M : | Luigi Boccherini born 19 February | | VA : | Alexandre Francois Desportes dies 20 April | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld born 20 June | | VA : | Nicolas Lancret dies 14 September |
|
|
| | PH : | King George's War (ends 1748) American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession GO ! | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Württemberg
Sonatas
| | M : | George Frideric Handel : Opera, Semele
| | VA : | Pietro Longhi : The Display of the Elephant | | PH : | France declares war on England and on Maria Theresa | | PH : | Second Silesian War begins | | RP : | George Berkeley: A Chain of Philosophical Reflexions and Inquiries | | RP : | Ruling Arab family Sa-Udi adopts teachings of Abd-al-Wahhab, becomes Wahhabi | | M : | Madrigal Society, London, founded | | ST : | Jean d'Alembert: Traité de l'équilibre et du mouvement des fluides | | LT : | Alexander Pope dies 21 May |
|
|
| | PH : | Jacobite Rebellion | | VA : | François Boucher : Diana's
Return from the Hunt | | VA : | Pompeo Girolamo Batoni : Achilles at the
Court of Lycomedes | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Portrait of Louis XV of France
| | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Marie Adelaide of France as Diana
| | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Oudry : Swan Attacked by a Dog | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau : A Girl with a Kitten | | PH : | Emperor Charles VII dies; Francis, husband of Maria Theresa, elected Holy Roman Emperor, first of the Lorraine-Tuscany line | | PH : | Peace of Dresden: Prussia recognises Pragmatic Sanction but retains Silesia | | PH : | Ishege becomes Shogun of Japan | | RP : | Philip Doddridge: The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul | | ST : | Charles Bonnet: Traité d'insectologie | | ST : | Ewald Jurgen von Kleist invents the capacitor (Leydon Jar), a fundamental electrical circuit element | | DL : | Earliest Oddfellows Lodge in England | | M : | The quadrille becomes a fashionable dance in France |
|
|
| | PH : | Alliance between Russia and Austria against Prussia | | PH : | Philip V of Spain dies; succeeded by Ferdinand VI | | PH : | Christian VI of Denmark dies; succeeded by Frederick V | | RP : | Denis Diderot: Pensées philosophiques | | RP : | Jonathan Edwards: A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections | | ST : | Jean-Etienne Guettard draws first geological map of France | | ED : | College of New Jersey founded; becomes Princeton University, 1896 | | DL : | Wearing of tartans prohibited in Great Britain | | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : Cornard Wood | | VA : | Pietro Longhi : The Tooth Puller | | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes born 30 March |
|
|
| | VA : | Bernardo Bellotto : View of Verona and the River Adige from the Ponte Nuovo | | PH : | Nadir Shah is assasinated | | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach : The Musical Offering
| | VA : | Giovanni Antonio Canal : Westminster Bridge, London, | | VA : | Charles-André van Loo : Drunken Silenus | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau : Portrait of Gabriel Huquier, engraver | | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Portrait of a Man | | PH : | William IV of Orange-Nassau becomes hereditary stadholder of the seven provinces of the Netherlands | | PH : | Prusso-Swedish alliance for mutual defence | | PH : | Nadir Shah murdered; Ahmed Shah becomes King of Afghanistan | | ED : | Biblioteca Nazionale founded in Florence, Italy | | ED : | Biographia Britannica | | LT : | Benjamin Franklin: Plain Truth | | ST : | Sugar discovered in beetroot | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck born 2 July |
|
|
| | VA : | Giovanni Antonio Canal : Warwick Castle | | VA : | William Hogarth : The Gate of Calais | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Portrait of Madame
Maria Leszczynska
| | VA : | Maurice Quentin de La Tour : Maurice, Comte de Saxe, Marshal of France
| | VA : | Claude-Joseph Vernet : View of Naples
| | PH : | Shah Rukh, grandson of Nadir Shah, ruler of Persia | | LT : | Marie-Thérese Geoffin opens salon as meeting place for Parisian men of letters | | RP : | Archibald Bower: History of the Popes | | RP : | David Hume: Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding | | M : | Holywell Music room, Oxford, opened | | ST : | Leonhard Euler: Analysis Infinitorum, on pure analytical mathematics | | ST : | English physician John Fothergill describes diphtheria | | ST : | Thomas Lowndes founds chair of astronomy at Cambridge | | DL : | Abolition of hereditary jurisdiction in Scotland | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David born 30 August | | PH : | 18 October - Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends King George's War, restoring the status quo ante in the colonies; general recognition of Pragmatic Sanction and of Francis I as Holy Roman Emperor |
|
|
| | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Magnificat
| | M : | George Frideric Handel : Instrumental, Music for the Royal Fireworks
| | M : | George Frideric Handel : Oratorio, Solomon
including 'Arrival of the Queen of Sheba'
| | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach : The Art of the Fugue
(unfinished)
| | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach : Mass
in B Minor
| | VA : | Giovanni Antonio Canal : London- Westminster Abbey | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau : Madame de Sorquainville
| | PH : | Consolidation Act of British navy | | RP : | Denis Diderot: Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient | | RP : | David Hartley: Observations on Man | | DL : | François Philidor: Analyse des échecs, a study of chess, written by the famous composer | | ED : | Philadelphia Academy founded, becomes University of Pennsylvania, 1791 | | VA : | Alessandro Magnasco dies | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe born 28 August |
|
|
| | RP : | The Jewish sect of Hasidism is founded by Baal Shem Tov | | PH : | The Capital of the Maratha confederacy in India becomes Poona | | VA : | The neoclassical art movement begins in Europe | | M : | The Waltz becomes a popular dance form in Europe | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Concerto
in Bb for flute
| | VA : | François Boucher : The Interrupted Sleep | | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : Mr. and Mrs. Andrews | | VA : | William Hogarth : The Artist's Servants | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : The Duchess of Parma
and
her daughter Isabelle | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Oudry : Farmhouse
| | ED : | Portuguese Giacobbo Rodriguez Pereire invents sign language for deaf-mutes | | PH : | John V of Portugal dies; succeeded by José I | | LT : | First playhouse opens in New York | | ED : | Dictionnaire de l'art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques ed. by the Benedictine monks of St.Maur | | RP : | King Frederick the Great: Oeuvres du Philosophe de Sanssouci | | RP : | Baal Shem founds Jewish sect of Chassidim in Carpathian mountain region | | VA : | Neoclassicism, as reaction against baroque and rococo, spreading over Europe | | M : | Johann Breitkopf, Leipzig music publisher, uses movable type for printing music | | ST : | French astronomer Nicolas de Lacaille leads expedition to Cape of Good Hope to determine solar and lunar parallax | | ST : | Johann Tobias Mayer: "Map of the Moon" | | DL : | First Westminster Bridge, London, finished | | M : | Johann Sebastian Bach dies 28 July | | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Portrait of Mademoiselle de Coislin |
|
|
| | LT : | Diderots' first volume of the Encyclopeie is published | | ST : | The Lightening conductor is invented by Benjamin Franklin | | VA : | Pietro Longhi : The Rhinoceros | | VA : | Maurice Quentin de La Tour : Self-Portrait, 1751 | | VA : | Richard Wilson : Portrait of Francesco Zuccarelli | | PH : | Frederick II of Sweden dies; succeeded by his brother-in-law, Adolphus Frederick | | PH : | William IV of Holland dies; his widow, Anne, daughter of George II of England, becomes regent | | PH : | China invades Tibet | | ED : | French Encyclopédie published | | RP : | David Hume: Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals | | RP : | Powers of Portuguese Inquisition curtailed by government | | ST : | Linnaeus: Philosophia Botanica | | M : | Francesco Geminiani: The Art of Playing on the Violin | | M : | The minuet becomes Europe's fashionable dance | | M : | "War of the Operas" divides Paris into pro-Italian and pro-French music lovers | | ED : | Ecole supérieure de guerre, Paris, founded | | ED : | Göttinger wissenschaftliche Akademie founded | | DL : | British calendar altered by Act of Parliament: 1 January henceforth to be beginning of New Year | | DL : | First mental asylums in London | | M : | Tomaso Albinoni dies 17 January |
|
|
| | PH : | Treaty of Aranjuez between Spain and the Holy Roman Empire | | DL : | Great Britain adopts Gregorian calendar on Sept 14 | | RP : | Jonathan Edwards: Misrepresentations Corrected and Truth Vindicated | | RP : | David Hume: Political Discourses | | RP : | William Law: The Way to Divine Knowledge | | M : | Charles Avison : Essay on Musical Expression | | PH : | Chinese invade and conquer Tibet | | VA : | Charles-Antoine Coypel dies | | VA : | Pietro Longhi : Theatrical Scene | | VA : | Jean-François de Troy dies 26 January | | M : | Johann Friedrich Reichardt born 25 December |
|
|
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : John Plampin | | ST : | Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus publishes his system of plant classification | | VA : | The founding of the British Museum | | VA : | Maurice Quentin de La Tour : Mlle Ferrand Meditating on Newton | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau : Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Oudry | | RP : | Robert Lowth: De sacra poesi Hebraeorum | | RP : | English Act of Parliament permits naturalisation of Jews | | ED : | British Museum, London, granted royal foundation charter | | ST : | Linnaeus: Species Plantorum | | DL : | British Marriage Act forbids weddings by unauthorised persons | | DL : | Vienna Stock Exchange founded |
|
|
| | PH : | The Seven Years (French and Indian) War unofficially begins | | VA : | Claude-Joseph Vernet : Storm with a Shipwreck | | RP : | Jonathan Edwards: Inquiry into Freedom of the Will | | ED : | David Hume: History of Great Britain | | RP : | Rousseau: L'Inégalité par les hommes: discours | | RP : | John Woolman: Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes | | DL : | Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures founded in England | | ED : | King's College, New York, founded; becomes Columbia University, 1784 | | ED : | First female M.D. (University of Halle, Germany) | | VA : | Giovanni Batista Piazetta dies 28 April |
|
|
| | PH : | The French and Indian War officially begins in America GO ! | | LT : | The Dictionary of the English Language is published by Samuel Johnson | | VA : | Corrado Giaquinto : Saints in Glory | | VA : | Anton Raphael Mengs : Semiramis Receives the
Message
of the Babylonion Revolt | | VA : | Allan Ramsay : Portrait of the Artist's Wife | | VA : | Maurice Quentin de La Tour : Portrait of the Marquise de Pompadour
| | PH : | Landgrave of Hesse sells mercenaries to England for defence of Hanover | | PH : | End of Anglo-Aust. alliance | | ED : | Samuel Johnson : Dictionary of the English Language | | RP : | Benjamin Franklin: Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of countries | | RP : | Francis Hutchson: A System of Moral Philosophy | | RP : | Immanuel Kant's doctoral thesis: The True Measure of Forces | | RP : | J.J. Winckelmann: Gedanken über die Nachahmung der griechischen Werke | | ED : | University of Moscow founded | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Oudry dies 30 April |
|
|
| | VA : | Bernardo Bellotto : Courtyard of the Castle
at Köningstein from the South | | PH : | The Black Hole of Calcutta, 123 British soldiers are alledged to have died there | | PH : | Treaty of Westminster; alliance between Britain and Prussia | | PH : | Treaty of Versailles; alliance between France and Austria | | PH : | British Rule India | | VA : | François Boucher : The Marquise
de Pompadour | | VA : | Pompeo Girolamo Batoni : Die Vermählung
Amors mit Psyche | | VA : | Claude-Joseph Vernet : The Town and Harbour of Toulon | | PH : | Anglo-Prussian Treaty of Westminster | | PH : | Britain declares war on France - Seven Year's War | | PH : | 120 British soldiers imprisoned and die in India ("Black Hole of Calcutta") | | LT : | Russian royal Court Theatre founded at St. Petersburg | | ED : | Thomas Birch: History of the Royal Society of London | | RP : | Edmund Burke: Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful | | RP : | Alban Butler: Lives of the Saints, vol.1 | | RP : | Arthur Collins: The Peerage of England finished | | RP : | Mirabeau: Ami des hommes ou traité de la population | | ED : | Voltaire finished his Siècle de Louis XIV | | DL : | First chocolate factory in Germany | | DL : | Porcelain factory founded at Sèvres | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart born 27 January | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn born 4 March |
|
|
| | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Portrait of Ekaterina Golovkina | | RP : | Denis Diderot: Entretiens sur le fils natural | | RP : | Richard Price: Review of the Principal Questions in Morals | | ED : | Royal Library, London, transferred to British Museum | | DL : | The London Chronicle appears | | M : | Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz dies 27 March | | M : | Domenico Scarlatti dies 23 July | | VA : | William Blake born 28 November |
|
|
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : The Painter's Daughters | | VA : | Giovanni Battista Pittoni : Annunciation | | VA : | Louis Tocqué : Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna
| | DL : | Samuel Johnson: The Idler, weekly periodical | | RP : | Pope Benedict XIV dies; succeeded by Carlo della Torre Rezzonico as Pope Clement XIII | | RP : | Emerich de Vattel: Le Droit des gens | | RP : | Claude Adrien Helvétius: De l'esprit | | ED : | Serjeant's Inn (London Court) formed | | M : | First English manual on guitar playing published | | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon born 4 April |
|
|
| | VA : | Corrado Giaquinto : Justice and Peace | | VA : | Bernardo Bellotto : View of Vienna from the Belvedere | | LT : | Candide written by Voltaire | | DL : | The Botanical Gardens founded at Kew in London | | PH : | Cherokee War against the English begins | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier : Portrait of a Lady as a Vestal Virgin | | PH : | King Ferdinand VI of Spain dies; succeeded by Charles II | | RP : | Alexander Gerard: An Essay on Taste | | ED : | Oliver Goldshmith: An Enquiry Into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe | | RP : | Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal | | RP : | Adam Smith: Theory of Moral Sentiments | | VA : | William Chambers: Treatise on Civil Architecture | | ST : | Franz Aepinus: Testamen theoriae electricitatis et magnetesmi | | ED : | Bavarian Academy of Science founded | | ED : | British Museum opened (at Montagu House) | | DL : | The Publish Ledger, London daily paper, appears | | M : | George Frideric Handel dies 14 April |
|
|
| | PH : | George III becomes King of England | | PH : | Catherine II, The Great becomes ruler of Russia | | PH : | King George II of England dies; succeeded by his grandson George III | | LT : | James Macpherson: Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in the Highlands, famous literary fraud | | VA : | First exhibition of contemporary art at Royal Society of Arts, London | | M : | Noverre, ballet master at Stuttgart, publishes his Letter on Dancing and Ballets | | ED : | First British school for deaf and dumb opened by Thomas Braidwood, Edinburgh | | DL : | Josiah Wedgewood founds pottery works at Etrurua, Staffordshire | | ST : | Botanical Gardens in Kew, London, opened | | DL : | Rules of whist laid down by Edmund Hoyle | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Sonatas with Varied Repeats
| | VA : | George Stubbs : Mares and Foals in a Landscape | | VA : | Richard Wilson : Solitude | | VA : | Francesco Zuccarelli : Mountain Landscape with Washerwomen and Fisherman |
|
|
| | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Ballet, Don Juan
| | M : | Joseph Haydn : Symphonies
No.6, No.7 and No.8 ('Morning', 'Midday' and 'Evening')
| | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : The Laundress | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : The Village Betrothal | | VA : | Pompeo Girolamo Batoni : Diana & Cupid | | VA : | Anton Raphael Mengs : Parnassus
| | VA : | Allan Ramsay : Mrs. Martin | | PH : | Ieharu, the new Shogun of Japan | | LT : | Benjamin Victor: History of the Theatres of London and Dublin | | RP : | Henry Home: An Introduction to the Art of Thinking | | ST : | Russian scientist and poet Mikhail V. Lomonosov discovers the atmosphere of Venus | | ST : | B.G. Morgagni: On the Causes of Diseases, beginning of pathological anatomy | | ST : | Johann Peter Süssmilch initiates study of statistics | | ED : | First French veterinary school founded at Lyons | | ST : | Society of Arts, London, opens first exhibition of agricultural machines |
|
|
| | VA : | Allan Ramsay : Queen Charlotte | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Orfeo ed Euridice
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : William Pointz | | VA : | George Stubbs : Whistlejacket | | VA : | Richard Wilson : Lake Albano | | PH : | Czarina Elizabeth of Russia dies; succeeded by Peter III, who dies by assassination; succeeded by Catherine II | | PH : | Treaty of Hamburg between Sweden and Prussia | | PH : | Russo-Prussian alliance against Austria signed | | PH : | Truce between Prussia, Saxony, and the Holy Roman Empire | | ED : | Robert Lowth: Introduction to English Grammar | | RP : | George Campbell: Dissertation on Miracles | | ED : | John Parkhurst: Hebrew and English Lexicon | | RP : | Rousseau: Du Contrat social, ou principes du droit politique | | ED : | Sorbonne Library, Paris, opened | | VA : | Stuart and Revett: Classical Antiquities of Athens, Vol I | | M : | Benjamin Franklin improves the harmonica, turning it into a practical musical instrument | | ST : | At Carron ironworks in Stirlingshire, Scotland, cast iron converted for the first time into malleable iron |
|
|
| | PH : | The Seven Years war ends with the Treaties of Paris and Hubertusburg GO ! | | PH : | Augustus III dies; he is succeeded (1764) by Stanislaw II, the last king of Poland | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : Filial Piety | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Oudry : Still-life with Pheasant | | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien : The Cupid Seller | | RP : | Voltaire: Treatise on Tolerance | | ED : | Frederick the Great establishes village schools in Prussia |
|
|
| | VA : | German historian Johann Winckelmann publishes his History of the Art of Antiquity | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Symphony
No.22, 'The Philosopher'
| | PH : | Pontiac's Rebellion in Ohio valley | | PH : | Stanislas Poniatowski elected King of Poland | | PH : | Hyder Ali usurps throne of Mysore | | RP : | Confiscation of Church lands in Russia | | PH : | Deposed Czar Ivan VI murdered in prison | | RP : | Jesuits suppressed in France | | LT : | The Literary Club founded in London by Dr. Johnson, with Burke, Gibbon, Goldsmith, Reynolds, etc. | | LT : | Literary salons founded in Paris by Mme. Necker and Mlle. de Lespinasse | | RP : | Cesare Beccaria-Conesana: On Crimes and Punishments | | RP : | Charles Bonnet: Contemplation de la nature | | ED : | Brown University, Providence, R.I. founded | | RP : | Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary | | VA : | J.J. Winckelmann: History of Ancient Art | | ST : | James Watt invents condenser, first step toward steam engine | | DL : | London introduces practice of numbering houses | | PH : | April - Sugar Act passed by Parliament to offset expenses of the French and Indian War | | M : | Johann Mattheson dies 17 April | | PH : | July - James Otis publishes The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved | | VA : | William Hogarth dies 26 October |
|
|
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : Studies of a Cat | | PH : | Joseph II becomes the Holy Roman Emperor | | VA : | Corrado Giaquinto dies | | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds : Lady Sarah Bunbury
Sacrificing to the Graces | | VA : | Bernardo Bellotto : The Ruins of the Old
Kreuzkirche in Dresden | | PH : | British Parliament passes Stamp Act for taxing American colonies GO ! | | PH : | Emperor Francis I, Maria Theresa's husband dies; their son Joseph II succeeds as Holy Roman Emperor, becomes co-regent with his mother | | RP : | A.R.J. Turgot: Refléxions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses | | ST : | Spallanzani suggests preserving by means of hermetic sealing | | DL : | Bank of Prussia founded by Frederick the Great | | VA : | Charles-André van Loo dies 15 July |
|
|
| | ST : | The Nautical Almanac provides the first practical method for determining longitude | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Six Easy Keyboard Sonatas
| | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : The Swing | | VA : | Allan Ramsay : Portrait of David Hume | | PH : | Repeal of Stamp Act, but Declaratory Act states Britain's right to tax American colonies GO ! | | PH : | Frederick V of Denmark dies; succeeded by the mad Christian VII | | LT : | Theatre Royal, Bristol, opens, oldest British theatre still in use | | RP : | Czarina Catherine the Great grants freedom of worship in Russia | | ED : | Adam Ferguson: Essay on the History of Civil Society | | VA : | Lessing: Laokoon, against Winckelmann's theories | | ST : | Louis de Bougainville sets out on voyage to Pacific on which he discovers Tahiti, the Soloman Islands, and New Guinea | | DL : | First paved sidewalk laid in Westminster, London | | VA : | Jean-Marc Nattier dies 7 November |
|
|
| | PH : | Russian-Turkish War | | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson born | | VA : | Giovanni Battista Pittoni dies | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Alceste
| | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien : Academie | | PH : | Townshend Duties: taxes on imports of tea, glass, paper, and dyestuffs in American colonies; non-importation agreement at public protest meeting in Boston GO ! | | PH : | First Mysore War | | RP : | Jesuits expelled from Spain, Parma, and the Two Sicilies | | RP : | Moses Mendelssohn: Phaedon, or the Immortality of Soul | | VA : | J.J. Winckelmann: Monumenti antichi inediti | | M : | Rousseau: Dictionnaire de musique | | ST : | Astronomer Royal, Nevill Maskelyne issues Nautical Almanac | | ED : | Maria Theresa and Joseph II introduce educational reforms in Austria | | ST : | Joseph Priestley: The History and Present State of Electricity | | DL : | Electrical machine with glass pane becomes a fashionable toy |
|
|
| | DL : | The first modern Circus is formed in England by Philip Astley | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby : Experiment with the Air-Pump | | PH : | Ali Bey, leader of the Mamelukes, Sultan of Egypt | | PH : | Gurkhas conquer Nepal | | RP : | Abraham Booth: Reign of Grace | | RP : | Joseph Priestley: Essay on the First Principles of Government | | RP : | Swedenborg: Delititiae sapientiae | | VA : | Founding of the Royal Academy, London, with Joshua Reynolds as president | | ST : | James Cook sails on first circumnavigation | | DL : | New criminal code, on humanist principles, introduced in Austria | | VA : | Giovanni Antonio Canal dies 20 April | | VA : | John Crome born 22 December |
|
|
| | M : | Joseph Haydn : Symphony
No.48, 'Maria Theresa'
| | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : Inspiration | | DL : | Privy council in London decides to retain tea duty in American colonies | | RP : | Charles Bonnet: Palingénésie philosophique | | RP : | Pope Clement XIII dies; Lorenzo Ganganelli becomes Pope Clement XIV | | RP : | Johann Gottfried von Herder: Kritische Wälder | | ST : | N.J. Cugnot constructs first steam road carriage | | DL : | The Morning Chronicle issued in London | | DL : | Johann Friedrich Oberlin opens first crêche at Steintal, Alsace |
|
|
| | DL : | Louis, the future king of France, marries Marie Antoinette | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Paride ed Elena
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : Portrait of Jonathan Buttall | | VA : | George Stubbs : A Horse Frightened by a Lion | | VA : | Benjamin West : Self Portrait | | VA : | Benjamin West : The Death of General Wolfe | | RP : | Edmund Burke: Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents | | RP : | Kant: De mundi sensibilie et intelligibilis forma et principiis | | ST : | James cook discovers Botany Bay, Australia | | ED : | Elementary school education reformed in Austria | | ST : | English "Quack" John Hill introduces method of obtaining specimens for microscopic study | | ST : | Leonhard Euler: Introduction to Algebra | | DL : | First public restaurant opens in Paris | | DL : | Visiting cards introduced in England | | VA : | Giambattista Tiepolo dies 27 March | | LT : | William Wordsworth born 7 April | | VA : | Baron François Gérard born 4 May | | VA : | François Boucher dies 30 May | | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven born 17 December | | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : The Love Letter | | VA : | Hubert Robert : The Burning of the Hötel-Dieu during the Night of 29-30 December 1772
|
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| | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : The Meeting | | PH : | Gustav III succeeds his father as king of Sweden | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin : Self Portrait at the Easel | | VA : | Claude-Joseph Vernet : Clair de lune | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby : The Alchemist in Search of the Philosophers Stone | | PH : | Adolphus Frederick of Sweden dies; succeeded by Gustavus III | | ED : | Encyclopaedia Britannica, first edition | | RP : | John William Fletcher: Five Checks to Antinomianism | | ED : | William Robertson: History of America | | VA : | Horace Walpole: Anecdotes of Painting | | ST : | Luigi Galvani discovers electrical nature of nervous impulse | | ST : | The Smeatonian Club for engineers founded in London | | DL : | The Assembly room, Bath, England, opened | | DL : | New York Hospital founded | | VA : | Baron Antoine-Jean Gros born 16 March | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott born 15 August |
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| | VA : | Louis Tocqué dies | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Poems | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Symphony
No.45, 'Farewell'
| | PH : | Boston Assembly demands rights of colonies, threatens secession | | DL : | Royal Marriage Act in Britain to prevent undesirable royal marriages | | PH : | First Partition of Poland | | LT : | The Göttinger Hainbund, society of young patriotic German poets, formed | | ED : | Herder: On the Origin of Speech, on comparative philology | | RP : | Inquisition abolished in France | | RP : | Mirabeau: Essai sur le despotisme | | RP : | F.S. Sullivan, Irish jurist: Lectures on the Feudal Law and the Constitution and Laws of England | | M : | Flight and Kelly, London firm of organ builders, produces first barrel organs | | ST : | Leonhard Eurler: Lettres à une princesse d'Allemagne, on mechanics, optics, acoustics, and astronomy | | ST : | Daniel Rutherford and Joseph Priestley independently discover nitrogen | | DL : | Judge William Murray decides in the Somerset case that a slave is free on landing in England | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge born 21 October |
|
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| | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Götz von Berlichingen | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Exsultate, Jubilate
('Exult, Rejoice') for soprano and orchestra.
| | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds : Ladies Adorning
a Term of Hymen | | VA : | Hubert Robert : Landscape with an Arch and The Dome of St Peter's in Rome
| | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien : Young Greek Maidens Deck Sleeping Cupid With Flowers | | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien : Lover Crowning His Mistress | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby : The Iron Forge Viewed from Without | | LT : | Swedish national theatre established in Stockholm | | RP : | Pope Clement XIV dissolves Jesuit Order | | RP : | John Eerskine: Institutes of the Law in Scotland | | RP : | Joseph II expels Jesuits from the Empire | | M : | Charles Burney: The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Provinces | | M : | The waltz becomes fashionable in Vienna | | ED : | Philadelphia Museum founded | | DL : | 10 May - British East India Company Regulating Act | | DL : | 29-30 November - Boston Tea Party: protest against tea duty |
|
|
| | PH : | Louis XVI becomes King of France | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Werther | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Iphigénie en Aulide
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.29
| | VA : | Francesco Zuccarelli : Landscape with the Education of Bacchus | | PH : | Quebec Act, to secure Canada's loyalty to Great Britain, established Roman Catholicism in Canada | | PH : | Louis XV, King of France, dies; succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI | | PH : | First Continental Congress meets GO ! | | PH : | Accession of Abdul Hamid I as Sultan of Turkey | | LT : | Lord Chesterfield: Letters to His Son, on how a gentleman should behave | | RP : | John Campbell: A Political Survey of Great Britain | | RP : | John Cartwright: American Independence, the Glory and Interest of great Britain | | RP : | Jesuits expelled from Poland | | RP : | Anne Lee of Massachusetts settles in New York to begin a spiritualist revival | | ST : | Aust. physician F.A. Mesmer uses hypnosis for health purposes | | ED : | Swiss educator Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi founds school for orphaned and neglected children in Zurich to enable them to lead productive lives | | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich born 5 September |
|
|
| | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Devotional Pieces | | VA : | Gavin Hamilton : Priam Pleading with Achilles
for the Body of Hector | | PH : | Peasant's revolts in Bohemia against servitude | | PH : | American Revolution begins GO ! | | RP : | Cardinal Gianangelo Braschi elected in Feb as Pope Pius VI after a long conclave | | RP : | Justus Moser: Patriotische Phantasien, plea for one organic Germany | | ST : | Digitalis used for first time as a diuretic in dropsy | | ST : | J.C. Fabricius: Systema entomolgiae, classification of insects | | ST : | Pierre-Simon Girard invents water turbine | | ST : | James Watt perfects his invention of the Steam engine | | DL : | First British banks' clearinghouse established in Lombard Street, London | | DL : | First Thames Regatta | | VA : | Joseph Mallord William Turner born 23 April |
|
|
| | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : A Young Girl Reading | | PH : | Treaty of Copenhagen between Russia and Denmark | | RP : | John Cartwright: Take your Choice, on parliamentary reform | | ED : | Edward Gibbon: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire | | RP : | Richard Price:Observations on Civil Liberty and the Justice and Policy of the War with America | | RP : | Adam Smith: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations | | M : | Charles Burney: History of Music | | M : | Concerts of Ancient Music, London | | DL : | U.S. Congress institutes a national lottery | | DL : | Military ski competitions in Norway | | VA : | Corrado Giaquinto dies | | M : | Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann born 24 January | | VA : | John Constable born 11 June | | PH : | 4 July - Second Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence GO ! |
|
|
| | RP : | Christianity introduced in Korea | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Armide
| | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : The Paternal Curse | | LT : | Court and National Theatre, Mannheim, founded | | RP : | Joseph Priestley: Disquisition Relating to Matter and Spirit | | ST : | American engineer David Bushnell invents torpedo | | ST : | Lavoisier proves that air consists mainly of oxygen and nitrogen | | DL : | Stars and Stripes adopted as Continental Congress flag | | M : | Heinrich Heine born 13 December |
|
|
| | PH : | War of Bavarian Succession | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Lessons for Children of Two to Three Years Old and Lessons for Children of Three Years Old | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck : Opera, Iphigénie en Tauride
| | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : Portrait of Count
Stroganov as a Child | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : The Wicked
Son Punished | | VA : | Benjamin West : Romeo and Juliet | | PH : | American colonies sign treaties with France and Holland GO ! | | RP : | G.L.L. Buffon: Epoques de la Nature | | RP : | J.A. Deluc: Lettres physiques et morals sur les montagnes | | M : | La Scala, Milan, opened | | ST : | James cook discovers Hawaii | | DL : | Act of Congress prohibits import of slaves into the U.S. | | VA : | Giovanni Battista Piranesi dies 9 November |
|
|
| | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Heilig
for two choruses
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart :
Sinfonia Concertante
| | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby : Firework Display at the Castel Sant' Angelo in Rome | | PH : | Spain declares war on Britian | | PH : | British war against Mahrattas in India | | LT : | Samuel Johnson: Lives of the Poets | | RP : | David Hume: Dialogues of Natural Religion (posth.) | | ST : | James Rennel: "Bengal Atlas" | | DL : | First children's clinic, London | | DL : | The Derby established at Epson racetrack, Surrey, England | | DL : | Pope Pius VI begins draining Pontine Marshes | | DL : | First 'velocipedes' appear in Paris | | VA : | Anton Raphael Mengs dies 29 June | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin dies 6 December |
|
|
| | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : Education is Everything | | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : Fête at Rambouillet | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze : Young Woman
in a White Hat | | PH : | Henry Grattan demands Home Rule for Ireland | | PH : | Gordon riots in London ("No Popery") | | DL : | Serfdom abolished in Bohemia and Hungary | | PH : | Empress Maria Theresa dies; succeeded by her son Joseph II | | PH : | Outbreak of Second Mysore War | | PH : | Rebellion in Peru against Spanish rule | | RP : | Gaetano Filangieri: Science of Legislation | | M : | Spanish dance 'bolero' invented | | M : | Sébastien Erard makes first modern pianoforte | | ST : | Circular saw invented by Gervinus | | ST : | American Academy of Sciences founded at Boston | | DL : | Scheller constructs first fountain pen | | DL : | The British Gazette and Sunday Monitor, first Sunday newspapers, appear in London | | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres born 29 August | | VA : | Bernardo Bellotto dies 17 October | | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard : The Stolen Kiss |
|
|
| | VA : | Henry Fuseli : Nightmare | | ST : | William Herschel discovers the Planet Uranus | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Hymns in Prose for Children | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Sonata
No.11 in A
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Horn Concerto
No.4
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Serenade No.10
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, Idomeneo
| | PH : | Warren Hastings deposes Rajah of Benares, plunders treasure of the Nabob of Oudh | | ED : | Clarendon Press, Oxford, established | | RP : | Franciscan monks settle at Los Angeles | | DL : | Joseph II grants patent of religious tolerance and freedom of press in Austria | | RP : | Kant: Critique of Pure Reason, fundamental work of modern philosophy | | RP : | Moses Mendelssohn: On the Civil Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews | | M : | Johann Adam Hiller establishes the Gewandhaus concerts at Leipzig | | ST : | Herschel discovers the planet Uranus | | ST : | Composition of mineral tungsten discovered | | DL : | Serfdom abolished in Aust. dominions |
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|
| | VA : | Henry Fuseli : The Three Witches | | LT : | William Blake: Poetical Sketches | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, The Abduction from the Seraglio
| | M : | Joseph Haydn : Six string quartets
published as Opus 33
| | VA : | Francesco Guardi : Concert | | VA : | George Romney : Lady Hamilton as 'Nature' | | PH : | Tippoo Sahib succeeds Hyder Ali in Mysore | | PH : | Rama I founds new dynasty in Siam, makes Bangkok his capital | | PH : | Pope Pius VI in Vienna fails to persuade Joseph II to rescind program of tolerance | | RP : | Joseph Priestley: A History of the Corruptions of Christianity | | ED : | Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, founded | | RP : | Dugald Stewart: Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind | | ST : | Montgolfier brothers construct air balloon | | ST : | James Watt invents double-acting rotary steam engine | | PH : | Bank of North America established in Philadelphia | | VA : | Richard Wilson dies 15 May | | M : | Nicolò Paganini born 27 October |
|
|
| | ST : | First successful hot-air ballon flight
| | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Perronneau dies | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.36, 'Linz'
| | PH : | Great Britain recognises American independence | | DL : | Joseph II enforces Germ. language in Bohemia | | DL : | Famine in Japan | | ST : | William Herschel: Motion of the Solar System in Space | | RP : | Kant: Prolegomen to Any Possible Metaphysics | | RP : | Moses Mendelssohn: Jerusalem, plea for freedom of conscience | | RP : | Charles Simeon begins evangelical movement at Cambridge | | DL : | Bank of Ireland founded | | DL : | Civil marriage and divorce in Aust. dominions |
|
|
| | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds : Portrait of Mrs. Siddons
as the Tragic Muse | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : The Oath of the Horatii | | VA : | Henry Fuseli : Lady Macbeth | | PH : | Treaty of Constantinople: Turkey agrees to Russian annexation of the Crimea | | PH : | Joseph II abrogates constitution in Hungary, suppressing feudal rights | | RP : | First Anglican bishop for the colonies | | ED : | Bengal Asiatic Society (study of Sanskrit) founded by William Jones | | RP : | Bernardin de Saint-Pierre: Etudes de la nature | | RP : | Herder: Ideas Toward a Philosophy of History | | RP : | Kant: Notion of a Universal History in a Cosmopolitan Sense | | RP : | John Wesley's Deed of Declaration, the charter of Wesleyan Methodism | | ST : | Swiss inventor Aimé Argant designs oil burner | | ST : | Eng. mathematician George Atwood accurately determines acceleration of a free-falling body | | ST : | Joseph Bramah constructs first patent lock | | ST : | Goethe discovers human intermaxillary bone | | ST : | Scot. millwright Andrew Meikle invents threshing machine | | ED : | First school for the blind in Paris | | DL : | Serfdom abolished in Denmark | | VA : | Allan Ramsay dies 10 August |
|
|
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Concerto
No.20
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Concerto
No.21
| | VA : | George Stubbs : Haymaking | | PH : | Der Fürstenbund (League of German Princes) formed by Frederick the Great against Joseph II | | PH : | Commercial Treaty signed between Prussia and the U.S. | | LT : | The Reverend James Wilmot of Warwickshire identifies Francis Bacon, as author of Shakespeare's plays | | ED : | Educational reforms in Germany | | RP : | Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Ethics | | PH : | James Madison's Religious Freedom Act abolishes religious tests in Virginia | | RP : | William Paley: Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy | | ST : | Salsano: seismograph for measuring earthquakes | | VA : | Pietro Longhi dies 8 May |
|
|
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.38, 'Prague'
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Concerto
No.23
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, The Marriage of Figaro
| | M : | Joseph Haydn :
'Paris' symphonies (including No.82 and No.83, 'The Bear' and 'The Hen')
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Concerto
No.24
| | VA : | Henry Fuseli : Oedipus Cursing His Son, Polynices | | PH : | Frederick the Great dies; succeeded by his nephew Frederick William II | | LT : | Berlin Court Theatre opens | | RP : | Mennonites from Central Europe settle in Canada | | ST : | William Herschel: Catalogue of Nebulae | | ST : | M.H.Klaproth, Ger. chemist, discovers uranium | | ST : | American inventor H.James Rumsey designs first mechanically driven boat | | ST : | Earliest attempts at internal gas lighting in Germany and England | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber born 18 November |
|
|
| | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough : The Woodsman | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Serenade, Eine kleine Nachtmusik
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, Il dissoluto punito, ossia Il Don Giovanni
('The Rake Punished, or Don Giovanni')
| | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds : Heads of Angels | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : The Death of Socrates
| | VA : | Hubert Robert : The Pont du Gard | | VA : | George Romney : Miss Constable | | PH : | Aust. Netherlands declared province of Hapsburg monarchy | | PH : | Parliament of Paris demands summoning of States-General | | PH : | Turkey declares war on Russia | | RP : | John Adams: A Defence of the Constitution of Government of the U.S.A. | | RP : | Jeremy Bentham: Defence of usury | | ED : | Imperial Russian Dictionary with 285 words in 200 languages | | RP : | James Madison: The Vices of the Political System of the United States | | ST : | Lavoisier: Méthode de nomenclature chimique | | DL : | Dollar currency introduced in the US | | DL : | English settlement founded for freed slaves in Sierra Leone | | VA : | Pompeo Girolamo Batoni dies 4 February |
|
|
| | DL : | London's Daily Universal Register becomes the Times | | LT : | William Blake: Natural Religion | | M : | C.P.E. Bach : Double Concerto
for Harpsichord, Piano and Orchestra in Eb
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.39
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Concerto
for Flute and Harp in C Major
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.40
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Symphony
No.41 ('Jupiter')
| | PH : | Austria declares war on Turkey | | DL : | Brit. parliamentary motion for abolition of slave trade | | PH : | George III's first attack of mental illness; regency crisis in England | | RP : | Kant Critique of Practical Reason | | ED : | John Lemprière: Classical Dictionary | | RP : | Hannah More: Thoughts on the Importance of the Manners of the Great to General Society | | ST : | James Hutton: New Theory of the Earth | | ST : | Marquis Pierre Simon de Laplace: Laws of the Planetary System | | DL : | Bread riots in France | | DL : | First German cigar factory opens | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron born 22 January | | VA : | Maurice Quentin de La Tour dies 17 February | | VA : | Thomas Gainsborough dies 2 August | | M : | C.P.E. Bach dies 14 December | | VA : | Francesco Zuccarelli dies 30 December |
|
|
| | PH : | George Washington elected the First President of the United States GO ! | | PH : | The French Revolution begins | | ST : | Planetary satellites of Saturn, Enceladus and Mimas were discovered by Herschel | | LT : | William Wordsworth: An Evening Walk | | LT : | William Blake: Songs of Innocence | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, Cosi fan tutte
('Women Are All the Same')
| | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
| | VA : | George Romney : Tom Hayley as Robin Goodfellow
| | PH : | King George II of England recovers | | PH : | Aust. Netherlands declare independence as Belgium | | PH : | Abdul Hamid I dies; succeeded as Sultan of Turkey by his nephew Selim III | | RP : | Jeremy Bentham: Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation | | M : | Charles Burney: History of Music | | ST : | Antoine Jussieu: Genera plantarum, modern classification of plants | | ED : | Pennsylvania State University | | DL : | Journal des dèbates founded in Paris | | DL : | Tammany founded as benevolent institution, but shortly after becomes political | | VA : | Claude-Joseph Vernet dies 3 December |
|
|
| | LT : | William Blake: Marriage of Heaven and Hell | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: An Address to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts | | VA : | Henry Fuseli : Thor in the Boat of Hymir | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby : An Italian Landscape with Mountains and a River | | PH : | Joseph of Austria dies; succeeded by his brother Leopold II | | PH : | Festival of Champs de Mars, Paris; Louis XVI accepts the constitution | | PH : | Third Mysore War | | LT : | Royal Literary Fund initiated by David Williams | | RP : | Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France | | RP : | Jews in France are granted civil liberties | | RP : | Kant : Kritik der Urteilskraft | | RP : | The first Roman Catholic bishop consecrated in America | | M : | First musical competition in America | | ST : | Lavoisier: Table of Thirty-One Chemical Elements | | RP : | Alexander Raditcheff: Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, a plea for the emancipation of serfs | | DL : | Washington, D.C., founded | | PH : | First session of the Supreme Court of the U.S. | | VA : | William Blake : The Marriage of Heaven & Hell |
|
|
| | LT : | William Blake: The French Revolution | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq. on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing the Slave Trade of 1791 | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Requiem Mass
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : German Dances
(set of 3), 'Sleigh Ride'
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Piano Concerto
No.27
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Clarinet Concerto
| | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : Opera, The Magic Flute
| | VA : | Benjamin West : The Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise | | PH : | Louis XVI, trying to leave France with his family is caught at Varennes and returned to Paris | | PH : | Massacre of the Champ de Mars, Paris | | PH : | Fr. National Assembly dissolves | | PH : | First ten amendments to U.S. constitution (Bill of Rights) ratified GO ! | | PH : | Canada Constitutional Act divides the country into two provinces, Upper and Lower Canada | | RP : | Herder: Ideen zur Philosophie die Geschichte der Menschheit | | RP : | Thomas Paine: The Rights of Man, Part I | | RP : | Philippe Pinel: Traitè mèdico-philosophique sur l'aliènation mentale | | M : | The waltz becomes fashionable in England | | DL : | Bank of North America founded | | DL : | Wilberfource's motion for abolition of slave trade carried through Parliament | | ED : | London School of Veterinary Surgery founded | | VA : | Jean Louis André Théodore Géricault born 26 September | | M : | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies 5 December |
|
|
| | LT : | The Old Farmers Almanac is published for the first time | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Remarks on Gilbert Wakefield's Enquiry into . . . Public or Social Worship | | M : | Joseph Haydn :
'London' symphonies (including No.94 'The Surprise')
| | PH : | Peace of Jassy ends war between Russia and Turkey | | PH : | Leopold II of Austria dies; succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor by his son Francis II | | PH : | The Girondists form ministry in France; the royal family imprisoned | | PH : | Gustavus II assassinated in Stockholm Opera House: succeeded as King of Sweden by Gustavus IV | | PH : | France declares war on Austria, Prussia, and Sardinia | | DL : | Denmark is the first nation to abolish the slave trade | | PH : | Two political parties formed in the U.S.: The Republican and the Federalist | | RP : | Baptist Missionary Society founded in London | | RP : | Thomas Paine: Rights of Man, Part II | | RP : | Mary Wollstonecraft: Vindication of the Rights of Women | | ST : | Worlds's first chemical society founded, Philadelphia | | ST : | French engineer Claude Chappe invents mechanical semaphore signal | | ST : | Illuminating gas used in England for the first time | | DL : | Libel Act passed in Britain | | DL : | Dollar coinage minted in U.S. | | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini born 29 February |
|
|
| | PH : | Reign of Terror in France | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Descriptive Sketches | | LT : | William Blake: America: A Prophecy and Visions of the Daughters of Albion | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Sins of Government, Sins of the Nation | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Marat Assassinated
| | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : Endymion Asleep | | VA : | George Stubbs : William Anderson with Two Saddle-horses
| | PH : | Louis XVI executed | | PH : | Reign of Terror begins | | RP : | Roman Catholicism banned in France | | PH : | Queen Marie Antoinette executed | | PH : | Holy Roman Empire declares war on France | | PH : | Second Partition of Poland | | ED : | Compulsory public education in France from the age of six | | RP : | The Feast of Reason in St. Eustache Church, Paris | | RP : | William Godwin; The Inquiry concerning Political Justice | | RP : | Kant: Religion innherhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion within the limits of mere reason) | | ST : | Kermadec Islands discovered | | ST : | Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin | | DL : | Board of Agriculture established in Britain | | DL : | U.S. law compels escaped slaves to return to their owners | | VA : | Francesco Guardi dies in January | | LT : | John Clare born 13 July |
|
|
| | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship | | LT : | William Blake: Songs of Innocence and of Experience and The First Book of Urizen | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Self Portrait | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Portrait of Sir John Sinclair | | VA : | William Blake : God as an Architect | | PH : | "Feast of the Supreme Being" in Paris | | PH : | The Commune of Paris abolished | | PH : | Jacobin Club closed | | PH : | Habeas Corpus Act suspended in Britian | | PH : | Agha Mohammed founds the Kajar dynasty in Persia | | PH : | U.S. Navy established | | LT : | Drury Lane Theatre, London, reopened | | ST : | Erasmus Darwin: Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life | | RP : | Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason | | ST : | Adrien Legendre: Elèments de gèomètrie | | ST : | First telegraph, Paris - Lille | | DL : | Slavery abolished in French colonies | | ED : | Ecole Normale founded in Paris | | ED : | Ecole Polytechnique, the word's first technical college, opens in Paris | | LT : | William Cullen Bryant born 3 November |
|
|
| | LT : | William Blake: The Song of Los | | M : | Joseph Haydn :
Six more 'London' symphonies (including No.100 'The Military', and No.101, 'The Clock'
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Jean-Baptiste Isabey and his Daughter | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Miss Eleanor Urquhart | | PH : | Bread riots and White Terror in Paris | | PH : | Napoleon appointed commander-in-chief, Italy | | PH : | Secret treaty between Austria and Russia for Third Partition of Poland; joined by Prussia | | PH : | Third Partition of Poland | | PH : | King Stanislas II abdicates | | PH : | Treaty of San Lorenzo between U.S. and Spain settles boundary with Florida | | RP : | Freedom of worship in France | | RP : | Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden | | M : | Paris Conservatoire de Musique founded | | ST : | Joseph Bramah invents hydraulic press | | ED : | Institute National, Paris, to replace the abolished academies | | ST : | Metric system adopted in France | | DL : | Speenhamland Act for poor relief in Britain | | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds dies 23 February | | LT : | Joseph Rodman Drake born 7 August | | LT : | John Keats born 31 October |
|
|
| | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems on Various Subjects | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Trumpet Concerto
| | PH : | John Adams elected second president of the U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Spain declares war on Britain | | PH : | Agha Mohammed of Persia siezes Khurasan in Khuzistan | | PH : | Kau-Tsung, great Manchu Emperor of China dies, succeeded by Kia-King | | RP : | Louis de Bonald: Thèorie du pouvoir politique et religieux | | RP : | Jean Jacques Cambacérès: Projet de code civil | | RP : | Joseph de Maistre: Considérations sur la France | | RP : | Richard Watson: An Apology for the Bible | | ST : | G.L.C. Cuvier founds the science of comparative zoology | | ST : | C.W.Hufeland: Macrobiotics, or The Art to Prolong One's Life | | ST : | Engl. physician Edward Jenner introduces vaccination against smallpox | | ST : | J.T. Lowitz prepares pure ethyl alcohol | | DL : | Edict of Peking forbids import of opium into China | | DL : | Freedom of press in France | | ED : | Royal Technical College, Glasgow, founded | | VA : | Camille Corot born 16 July |
|
|
| | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems, Second Edition | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Six string quartets
published as Opus 76 (including 'Emperor Quartet')
| | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley | | PH : | Napoleon proclaims Venetian Constitution, founds Ligurian Republic in Genoa | | PH : | Peace of Campo Formio between France and Austria | | PH : | Final treaty of Polish partition | | PH : | Frederick William II dies; succeeded as King of Prussia by his son Frederick William III | | PH : | Fath Ali, Shah of Persia | | RP : | Chateaubriand: Essai historique, politique, et moral sur les révolutions | | RP : | Kant: Metaphysik der Sitten | | RP : | Schelling: Idden zu einer Philosophie der Natur | | RP : | Wackenroder and Tieck: Outpourings of a Monk, romantic religious essays | | RP : | William Wilberforce: Practical View of the Religious System | | ST : | Thomas Bewick: British Birds | | ST : | J.L.Langrange: Théorie des fonctions analytiques | | ST : | Ger. astronomer H.W.M.Olbers publishes his method of calculating the orbits of comets | | ST : | Nicolas de Saussure: Recherches chimiques sur la végétation | | DL : | First copper pennies minted in England and first one-pound notes issued | | M : | Franz Schubert born 31 January | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby dies 29 August | | M : | Gaetano Domenico Maria Donizetti born 29 November |
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| | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Oratorio
The Creation
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.1
| | VA : | Joseph Mallord William Turner : Buttermere Lake: A Shower | | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Cupid and Psyche | | PH : | French capture Rome: proclaim Roman Republic; Pope Pius VI leaves the city for Valence | | PH : | Napoleon master of Egypt | | PH : | King Ferdinand IV of Naples declares war on France and enters Rome | | PH : | Treaty of Hyderabad between Britain and the Nizam | | PH : | The last King of Poland, Augustus Stanislas II dies | | RP : | T.R.Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population | | ST : | Ger. inventor Aloys Senefelder invents lithography | | DL : | Income tax of 10% of all incomes over £200 introduced in Britain as wartime measure | | VA : | Gavin Hamilton dies 4 January | | VA : | Eugène Delacroix born 26 April |
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| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Die Maske
three-act singspiel
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Pathétique Piano Sonata
| | PH : | Austria declares war on France | | PH : | Britain joins Russo-Turk alliance | | PH : | Kingdom of Mysore divided between Britain and Hyderabad | | RP : | Church Missionary Society founded in London | | RP : | Fichte: System der Sittenlehre | | RP : | Herder: Metakritik, attacks Kant and Fichte | | RP : | Schlegel: Geschichte der Poesie der Griechen und Römer | | RP : | Schleiermacher: Reden über die Religion | | ED : | Universities of Cologne and Mainz closed | | ED : | Egyptian Institute founded at Cairo | | ED : | Pestalozzi's school in Burgdorf, Switzerland, opened | | ED : | Rosetta Stone found - deciphering of hieroglyphics now possible |
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| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.1
| | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : Nude Maja | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Portrait of Madame Récamier | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Portrait of Lieutenant Colonel William Shirriff H.E.I.C.S.
| | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Lady Anne Torphicen | | VA : | William Blake : Job and his Daughters | | PH : | U.S. federal offices are moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. - the new capital city | | PH : | Napoleon appoints committee of jurists to draw up Civil Code | | RP : | Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti elected Pope Pius VII | | RP : | Fichte: Der geschlossene Handelsstaat | | RP : | Arnold Heeren: European Political Systems | | RP : | Schelling: System des transzendentalen Idealismus | | RP : | Church of United Brethren in Christ founded in the U.S. | | ST : | German physician F.J. Gall founds practice of phrenology | | ST : | William Herschel discovers existence of infrared solar rays | | ED : | Royal College of Surgeons, London, founded | | ST : | Alessandro Volta produces electricity from cell; first battery of zinc and copper plates | | ST : | Eli Whitney makes muskets with interchangeable parts | | DL : | Letter post introduced in Berlin | | DL : | Robert Owen takes over New Lanark mills and starts social reforms |
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| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Overture, Musica per la chiesa
| | M : | Joseph Haydn : Oratorio
The Seasons
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Moonlight' Piano Sonata
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.3
| | PH : | Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland comes into force | | PH : | Peace of Lunéville between Austria and France marks the actual end of the Holy Roman Empire | | PH : | Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President of U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Czar Paul I assassinated; succeeded by Alexander I | | RP : | K.F. Gauss: Disquisitiones arithmeticae | | RP : | Hegel and Schelling published the Critical Journal of Philosophy | | ST : | M.F.X. Bichat: Anatomie générale | | ST : | American civil engineer Robert Fulton produces the first submarine "Nautilus" | | ST : | J.J. Lalande catalogues 47,390 stars | | DL : | Bank of France founded | | DL : | The Union Jack becomes official flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | | ST : | Victoria Regia discovered in Amazon Territory | | M : | Vincenzo Bellini born 3 November |
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| | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems | | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.2
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Madame Récamier | | PH : | Napoleon becomes President of Italian Republic | | PH : | Peace of Amiens between Britain and France | | RP : | Jeremy Bentham: Civil and Penal Legislation | | ED : | G.F. Grotefend deciphers Babylonian cuneiform | | RP : | Daniel Webster: The Rights of Neutral Nations in Time of War | | VA : | Period of the Classicist Empire style | | ST : | John Dalton introduces atomic theory into chemistry | | ST : | William Herschel discovers binary stars | | ST : | German naturalist Gottfried Trevinarus coins the term "biology" | | DL : | Peerage published in London by John Debrett | | DL : | The Duke of Richmond introduces horse racing at Goodwood | | DL : | "Health and Morals of Apprentices" Act in Britain | | VA : | George Romney dies 15 November |
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| | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Mass in G
(lost)
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Kreutzer' Violin Sonata
| | PH : | Swiss cantons regain independence (Act of Mediation) | | PH : | U.S. buys large tract of land from Louisiana Purchase GO ! | | PH : | Second Mahratta War against Sindhia of Gwalior | | RP : | Greek patriot Adamantios Coräes publishes his Present Conditions of Civilisation in Greece | | RP : | Joseph Lancaster: Improvements in Education as it Respects the Industrious Classes | | ST : | Claude Berthollet: Essai de statique chimique | | ST : | Lazare Carnot: Principes fondamentaux de l'équilibre et du mouvement | | ST : | Robert Fulton propels a boat by steam power | | ST : | Henry Shrapnel invents shell | | ST : | Building of Caledonian Canal begins | | ED : | Technical College, Prague, founded | | M : | Adolphe Adam born 24 July | | M : | Hector Berlioz born 11 December |
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| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Waldstein' Piano Sonata
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.3 ('Eroica')
| | VA : | Joseph Mallord William Turner : The Passage
of the St. Gothard | | VA : | Baron Antoine-Jean Gros : Napoleon in the
Pesthouse at Jaffa | | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : Innocence Preferring Love to Wealth
| | PH : | Napoleon, proclaimed emperor by Senate and Tribunate, is crowned in the presence of Pope Pius VII in Paris | | PH : | Francis II assumes the title of Emperor of Austria as Francis I | | PH : | Spain declares war on Britain | | RP : | British and Foreign Bible Society founded in London | | PH : | Code Napoléon promulgated | | ST : | Thomas Brown Inquiry into the Relation of Cause and Effect | | VA : | English Water Colour Society founded | | ST : | Thomas Bewick completes his History of British Birds | | DL : | The first dahlias in England | | M : | Mikhail Glinka born 1 June |
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| | LT : | William Wordsworth: Elegiac Stanzas | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lay of the Last Minstrel | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Mass in D Minor
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Singspiel, Die lustigen Musikanten
| | M : | Nicolò Paganini : 24 Caprices
for solo violin
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Opera, Fidelio
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Appasionata' Piano Sonata
| | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : The Empress Josephine | | VA : | Benjamin West : The Fatal Wounding of Sir Philip Sidney | | PH : | Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as President of U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Treaty of St. Petersburg by Britain and Russia against France, joined by Austria | | PH : | Napoleon crowned as King of Italy in Milan | | PH : | Peace of Pressburg between Austria and France; Bavaria and Württemberg becomes kingdoms | | PH : | Establishment of modern Egypt; Mehemet Ali proclaimed Pasha | | RP : | Hosea Ballou: A Treatise on Atonement | | RP : | Lord Liverpool: Treatise on the Coins of the Realm | | ST : | Rockets, originally constructed by Sir William Congreve, are reintroduced as weapons into the British army | | ST : | F.W.A. Sartürner isolates morphine | | DL : | Napoleon abandons French revolutionary calendar | | ED : | Pestalozzi school at Yverdun, Switzerland | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze dies 21 March | | M : | Luigi Boccherini dies 28 May |
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| | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Fugitive Pieces privately printed | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Symphony,
Eb
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Razumovsky' String Quartets
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Violin Concerto
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.4
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.4
| | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Napoleon | | PH : | Joseph Bonaparte named King of Naples | | PH : | Louis Bonaparte named King of Holland | | PH : | Napoleon's Berlin Decree begins "Continental System" | | PH : | Confederation of Rhine founded | | PH : | Peace of Posen: Saxony is made a kingdom | | ED : | J.C. Adelun: Mithridates, a History of Languages and Dialects | | RP : | Fichte: Bericht über die Wissenschaftslehre | | ED : | Institute de France created by combining Académie Française with other academies | | RP : | James Madison: An Examination of the British Doctrine which Subjects to Capture a Neutral Trade not Open in Time of Peace | | RP : | Napoleon establishes a consistorial organisation for Jews in France | | ST : | P.A. Latreille: Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum | | ST : | Sir Francis Beaufort designs scale to indicate wind strength | | LT : | Elizabeth Barret Browning born 6 March | | VA : | George Stubbs dies 10 July | | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard dies 22 August |
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| | LT : | William Wordsworth: Poems in two volumes | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Hours of Idleness | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Quintet
for piano, two violins, viola, doublebass
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Quintet
for harp, two violins, viola, cello
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Singspiel, Liebe und Eifersucht
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Symphonies
No.1 and No.2
| | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : Portrait of Count Alexander Osterman-Tolstoy
| | PH : | Treaty of Tilsit between Napoleon, the Czar, and the King of Prussia | | PH : | Jerome Bonaparte becomes King of Westphalia | | PH : | Napoleon ensures dictatorship by suppressing Tribunate | | PH : | Sultan Selim III of Turkey deposed and succeeded by Mustafa IV | | DL : | Baron von Stein emancipates serfs | | PH : | France invades Portugal: dethroned Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil | | RP : | U.S. Evangelical Association, founded by Jacob Albright, holds its first convention | | PH : | Commercial Law Code introduced in France | | RP : | Hegel: Phänomenologie des Geistes | | RP : | Gottlieb Hufeland: New Foundations of Political Economy | | ST : | Charles Bell: System of Comparative Surgery | | ED : | Alexander von Humboldt and Bonpland: Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent, 1799-1804, on Spanish America (first of 30 volumes) | | DL : | Horse racing: First Ascot Gold Cup | | DL : | England prohibits slave trade | | DL : | Street lighting by gas in London |
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| | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : The Colossus | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Marmion | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Canzoni
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Opera, Der Trank der Unsterblichkeit
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Für Elise' (completed 1810)
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Symphonies No.5 and No.6
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Caroline Murat and her Children | | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : The Entombment of Atala | | VA : | Baron Antoine-Jean Gros : Napoleon on the Battlefield
of Eylau on 9 February 1807 | | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : David Johnston | | DL : | U.S. prohibits importation of slaves from Africa | | PH : | Joseph Bonaparte becomes king of Spain, Joachim Murat becomes King of Naples | | PH : | Erfurt Congress | | PH : | Rebellion in Madrid: King Joseph flees; Napoleon takes city | | LT : | Théâtre St. Philippe, New Orleans, opened | | RP : | John Dalton: New System of Chemical Philosophy | | RP : | J.F. Fries: New Critique of Reason | | RP : | Napoleon abolishes the Inquisition in Spain and Italy | | RP : | Schlegel: Von der Sprache und Weisheit der Inder | | ST : | J.L.Gay-Lussac: The Combination of Gases | | ST : | The source of the Ganges River discovered | | DL : | Baronetage published in London by John Debrett | | DL : | Disappearance of fashion of pigtails in men's hair | | ED : | Extensive excavations begin at Pompeii | | DL : | Henry Crabb Robinson, the first war correspondent, sent by The Times of London to Spain to report on the Peninsular War | | VA : | Hubert Robert dies 15 April |
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| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Abbey in an Oak Forest | | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien dies | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Elective Affinities | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: English Bards and Scotch Reviewers | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Piano Trio
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Miserere in Bb
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Incidental music
to the play Turandot
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.5 ('Emperor')
| | PH : | Treaty of Dardanelles between Britain and Turkey | | PH : | War between France and Austria | | PH : | Peace of Schönbrunn | | PH : | Austria joins Continental System | | PH : | James Madison becomes 4th President of the U.S. GO ! | | PH : | King Gustavus IV of Sweden deposed; succeeded by Charles XIII | | PH : | Marshal Jean Bernadotte elected Crown Prince of Sweden | | PH : | Treaty of friendship between Britain and the Sikhs at Amritsar | | PH : | Napoleon annexes Papal States; Pope Pius VII taken prisoner | | PH : | Ecuador gains independence from Spain | | M : | Felix Mendelssohn born 3 February | | M : | Joseph Haydn dies 31 May | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson born 6 August |
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| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Morning in the Riesengebirge | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lady in the Lake | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Piano Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Overture and incidental music to Egmont
| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Cloister Graveyard in the Snow | | PH : | Napoleon annexes Holland, Hanover, Bremen, Hamburg, Lauenburg, and Lübeck | | PH : | Venezuela breaks away from Spain | | RP : | Lazare Carnot: De la défense des places fortes | | RP : | Société de Amis formed in Geneva by Protestant revivalists | | RP : | Joseph de Maistre: Essay on the Generation of Political Constitutions | | VA : | The "Nazarenes" founded by J.F. Overbeck to revive German religious art | | ST : | Gail and Spurzheim: Anatomie et physiologie du systèm nerveux | | ST : | Samuel Hahnemann founds homeopathy | | ST : | François Appert develops techniques for canning food | | DL : | First public billiards rooms in England at the Piazza, Covent Garden, London | | M : | Frederic Chopin born 1 March | | M : | Robert Schumann born 8 June |
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| | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Eighteen Hundred And Eleven, A Poem | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Opera, Abu Hassan
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Clarinet Concertos
No.1 and No.2
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Archduke' Piano Trio
| | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Jupiter and Thetis | | PH : | George III of England insane; Prince of Wales becomes Prince Regent | | DL : | Austria bankrupt | | PH : | Paraguay independent of Spain | | RP : | K.A. Böttiger: Kunstmythologie | | PH : | Civil Code introduced in Austria | | RP : | "Great Schism" of Welsh Protestants; two thirds leave Anglican Church | | ED : | Barthold G. Niebuhr: Roman History | | ED : | J.P.A. Récusat: Essai sur la langue et la littérature | | ED : | University of Christiania, Oslo, founded | | ED : | National University of Nicaragua founded | | DL : | John Rennie begins the building of Waterloo Bridge, London | | M : | Prague Conservatoire is opened | | ST : | Amadeo Avogadro: hypothesis of the molecular composition of gases | | ST : | Sir Charles Bell: New Idea of the Anatomy of the Brain | | ST : | S.O. Poisson: Traité de Mécanique | | DL : | French Press Agency founded (later to becomes Agence Havas) | | DL : | "Luddites" destroy industrial machines in North England | | M : | Franz Liszt born 22 October |
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|
| | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Childe Harold cantos I and II, published | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Opera, Aurora
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Piano Concerto
No.2
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, La scala di seta
('The Silken Ladder')
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Symphonies No.7 and No.8
| | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Napoleon in His Study
| | PH : | U.S. declares war on Britain GO ! | | RP : | Baptist Union of Great Britain formed | | ED : | H.F. Genesius: Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary | | RP : | Hegel: Die objective Logik | | RP : | Jews in Prussia emancipated (Hardenberg reforms) | | VA : | Elgin Marbles brought to England | | M : | Founding of Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna | | VA : | Swiss explorer Burckhardt discovers the Great Temple of Abu Simbel | | ST : | Georges Cuvier: Recherches sur les ossements fossiles de quadrupèdes | | ST : | Humphry Davy: Elements of Chemical Philosophy | | ST : | Philippe Girard invents machine for spinning flax | | ST : | Laplace: Thérie analytique | | DL : | Royal Yacht Squadron founded | | DL : | Gas, Light and Coke Company, London developed by F.A. Winsor | | VA : | Pierre-Etienne-Théodore Rousseau born 15 April | | LT : | Robert Browning born 7 May |
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|
| | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Rokeby | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Giaour and The Bride of Abydos | | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, L'italiana in Algeri
('The Italian Girl in Algiers')
| | M : | Nicolò Paganini : Le streghe
('Witches Dance')
| | PH : | Prussia declares war on France | | PH : | Austria declares war on France | | PH : | French expelled from Holland; return of William of Orange | | PH : | Simón Bolivar becomes dictator of Venezuela | | PH : | Mexico declares itself independent | | RP : | J.F. Herbart: Introduction to Philosophy | | RP : | Methodist Missionary Society founded | | RP : | Robert Owen: A New View of Society | | RP : | Schopenhauer: Über die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom sureichenden Grunde | | M : | London Philharmonic Society founded | | DL : | Last gold guinea coins issued in England | | M : | The waltz conquers the European ballrooms | | M : | Richard Wagner born 22 May | | M : | Giuseppe Verdi born 10 October |
|
|
| | LT : | William Wordsworth: The Excursion | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Waverly | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Corsair and Lara published | | M : | Franz Schubert : Song, Gretchen am Spinnerade
('Gretchen and the Spinning Wheel')
| | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : The Third of May, 1808 | | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Grand Odalisque | | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Raphael
and the Fornarina | | PH : | Napoleon abdicates and is banished to Elba | | PH : | Louis XVIII enters Paris and takes up the throne as his hereditary right | | PH : | Congress of Vienna opens | | PH : | Christian Frederick of Denmark elected King of Norway | | PH : | Treaty of Ghent ends British-American war GO ! | | PH : | Hanover proclaimed a kingdom | | PH : | Lord Hastings, Governor-General of India, declares war on the Gurkhas (Nepal) | | ED : | Chateaubriand: De Buonaparte et le Bourbons | | RP : | Pope Pius VII returns to Rome and restores the Inquisistion | | RP : | Savigny: The Claim of Our Age on Legislation | | VA : | Dulwich Gallery, London, opened | | M : | J.N. Maelzel invents the metronome | | ST : | Berzelius: Theory of Chemical Proportions and the Chemical Action of Electricity | | ST : | M.J.B. Orfila: Toxicologie générale | | ST : | At Killingworth Colliery, George Stephenson constructs the first practical steam locomotive | | DL : | English Statute of Apprentices (1563) repealed | | M : | Johann Friedrich Reichardt dies 27 June | | VA : | Jean-François Millet born 4 October |
|
|
| | LT : | William Wordsworth: Collected Poems | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Guy Mannering | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lord of the Isles | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Biographia Literaria | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Hebrew Melodies | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Clarinet Quintet
| | M : | Franz Schubert : Songs, Der Erlkönig, Heidenröslein
| | PH : | Napoleon leaves Elba; the "Hundred Days"; Napoleon abdicates again and is banished to St. Helena | | PH : | Swiss Federal Pact ratified; the Confederation now consists of 22 cantons | | PH : | Joachim Murat, King of Naples executed after attempt to regain Naples | | PH : | Brazil declares itself an independent empire | | RP : | Protestant Baseler Missiongesellschaft founded | | RP : | T.R. Malthus: An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent | | ED : | Savigny: History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages | | RP : | Dugald Stewart: Progress of Metaphysical, Ethical, and Political Philosophy | | VA : | The Biedermeier styles arrives | | ST : | Miner's safety lamp invented | | ST : | Augustin Fresnel: research on the diffraction of light | | ST : | Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux | | ST : | L.J. Prout: hypothesis on relation between specific gravity and atomic weight | | DL : | Apothecaries Act forbids unqualified doctors to practice in Britain | | DL : | British income tax ended | | DL : | British road surveyor John Macadam constructs roads of crushed stone | | DL : | Eruption of Sumbawa Volcano in Indonesia - more than 50,000 dead | | ED : | Technological College, Vienna, founded | | VA : | Ernest Meissonier born 21 February |
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