Sonderbund War in Switzerland; Catholic cantons refuse to dissolve union
ED :
W.H. Prescott: History of the Conquest of Peru
ED :
Louius Blanc: History of the Revolution
RP :
Karl Marx attacks Proudhon's Philosophy of Poverty in The Poverty of Philosophy
RP :
The Mormons found Salt Lake City
RP :
Leopold von Ranke: Neun Bücher preussicher Geschichte
ST :
George Bool: Mathematical Analysis of Logic
ST :
Evaporated milk made for the first time
DL :
First Swiss railroad between Baden and Zurich opens
ST :
Helmholtz: On the Conservation of Energy
ST :
I.T. Semmelweis, Hungarian physician, discovers connection between childbed fever and puerperal infection
DL :
British Factory Act restricts the working day for women and children (between 13 and 18) to 10 hours
DL :
First Roman Catholic working men's club, Cologne, Germany
DL :
Gold discoveries in California lead to first gold rush
M :
Felix Mendelssohn dies 4 November
1848
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Isabella
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Lohengrin
M :
Franz Liszt : Trois études de concert
(including 'Un Sospiro')
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Les Préludes
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
(Years of Pilgrimage) for piano, Book I
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Overture, Kamarinskaya
PH :
King Christian VIII of Denmark dies; succeeded by Frederick III
PH :
Revolt in Paris; Louis Philippe abdicates, Louis Napoleon elected President of French Republic in December
PH :
Revolutions in Venice, Berlin, Milan and Parma
PH :
Second Sikh War begins
PH :
Sardinia declares war on Austria
PH :
Revolutions in Vienna, the emperor abdicates in favour of his nephew who becomes Emperor Francis Joseph I
PH :
Nasr-ed-Din becomes Shah of Persia
PH :
Switzerland, by its new constitution, becomes a federal union
PH :
Ibrahim, Viceroy of Egypt, dies; succeeded by Abbas
PH :
Revolt in Rome; Pius IX flees to Gaeta
ED :
Jakob Grimm: History of the German Language
ED :
Macaulay: History of England
RP :
Communist Manifesto issued by Marx and Engels
RP :
Spiritualism becomes popular in U.S.
DL :
Böttger: first safety matches
ST :
First appendectomy by Hancock
DL :
Serfdom abolished in Austria
RP :
Bismarck founds the Neue Preussische Zeitung, Marx the Neue Rheinische Zeitung
DL :
First Public Health Act in Britain
DL :
First settlers arrive in New Zealand
DL :
New York News Agency founded (will become Associated Press in 1856)
DL :
Sebastian Kneipp introduces cold-water cures as Worrishofen, Germany
PH :
2 February - Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-U.S. war GO !
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry born 27 February
M :
Gaetano Domenico Maria Donizetti dies 8 April
VA :
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin born 7 June
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte born 19 August
1849
LT :
Mathew Arnold: The Strayed Reveller and other Poems
VA :
Gustave Courbet : Stonebreakers
M :
Robert Schumann : Incidental music
to Byron's verse-drama Manfred
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
Book II
M :
Franz Liszt : Totentanz, (Dance of Death), for piano and orchestra
M :
Franz Liszt : Piano Concertos
No.1 and No.2
PH :
Rome proclaimed a republic under Guiseppe Mazzini
PH :
Charles Albert of Sardinia abdicates in favour of his son Victor Emmanuel II
PH :
Peace of Milan ends war
PH :
Zachary Taylor inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
PH :
German National Assembly passes constitution; elects King Frederick William IV of Prussia "Emperor of the Germans"; he refuses to accept
PH :
Hungarian Diet proclaims independence
PH :
Revolts in Dresden and Baden
RP :
French enter Rome and restore Pope Pius IX
ED :
J.M. Kemble: History of the Saxons in England
ED :
Who's Who begins publication
ST :
Fizeau measures speed of light
ST :
Amyl isolated
ED :
Bedford College for Women, London, founded
DL :
Amelia Bloomer begins American women's dress reform
VA :
John William Waterhouse born 6 April
M :
Frederic Chopin dies 17 October
1850
LT :
William Wordsworth: The Prelude
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: In Memoriam
LT :
William Cullen Bryant: The Letters of a Traveller
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Sonnets from the Portuguese
LT :
Robert Browning: Christmas Eve and Easter Day
VA :
Camille Corot : Morning, the Dance of the Nymphs
M :
Robert Schumann : Symphony
No.3, 'Rhenish'
M :
Franz Liszt : Liebersträume
(Dreams of Love), for piano
M :
Franz Liszt : Consolations
for piano
M :
Adolphe Adam : Opera, Giralda
M :
Hector Berlioz : Te Deum
VA :
William Holman Hunt : Claudio and Isabella
VA :
William Holman Hunt : A Converted British Family
Sheltering a Christian Missionary
from the Persecution of the Druids
PH :
Outbreak of Anglo-Kaffir War
PH :
Prussia and Denmark sign Peace of Berlin on Schleswig-Holstein
PH :
U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore becomes 13th president GO !
PH :
Taiping rebellion in China; Hung Hiu-tseun proclaims himself emperor
RP :
Church council to manage Protestant churches in Prussia
ED :
Public Libraries Act in Britain
RP :
Schopenhauer: Parerga und Paralipomena
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Social Statics, beginnings of sociology
M :
Foundation of Bach-Gesellschaft to publish the complete works of J.S. Bach
ST :
R.W. Bunsen produces gas burner
ST :
Rudolf Clausius formulates second law of thermodynamics, and kinetic theory of gases
ST :
The speed of nervous impulse established
ST :
Pafnut Chebyshev: On Primary Numbers
DL :
Old age insurance in France
ST :
Royal Meteorological Society founded
ED :
School of Mines, London (to becomes College of Science and Technology), founded
ED :
University of Sydney, Australia, established
LT :
William Wordsworth dies 23 April
1851
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Ophelia
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Casa Guidi Windows
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : Harvest
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Rigoletto
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Mazeppa
M :
Franz Liszt : Transcendental Studies
for piano
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Souvenir d'une nuit d'été à Madrid
(Second Spanish Overture)
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Symphony No.2, Ocean
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Mariana
PH :
Cuba declares its independence
PH :
Beginning of Basuto War
PH :
Coup d'état of Louis Napoleon; plebiscite in France favours new constitution
PH :
Danilo II converts Montenegro into a secular principality
RP :
Vincenzo Gioberti: Il Rinnovamento civile d'Italia
ST :
Franz Neumann: law of electromagnetic induction
ST :
Isaac Singer devises the continuous stitch sewing machine
RP :
Mary Carpenter: Reformatory Schools...for Juvenile Offenders
DL :
First double-decker bus introduced
DL :
The New York Times appears
DL :
Maine and Illinois begins to enforce prohibition against liquor
VA :
Joseph Mallord William Turner dies 19 December
1852
LT :
William Cullen Bryant: The Fountain, and other Poems
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Empedocles on Etna, and Other Poems
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : El Sitio Zaragoza
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Il Trovatore
('The Troubadour')
M :
Adolphe Adam : Opera, Si j'étais roi
('If I Were King')
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Sonatas No.1 and No.2
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Thomas the Fool
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Ophelia
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : A Huguenot on St Bartolomew's Day
VA :
William Holman Hunt : On English Coasts
PH :
South African Republic (Transvaal) established
PH :
New French constitution gives president monarchical powers, Louis Napoleon proclaims himself Emperor Napoleon III
PH :
Outbreak of Second Burmese War
RP :
The Convocation of the Church of England revived
ST :
Delisle begins the study of modern paleography
RP :
First Plenary Council of American Roman Catholics held in Baltimore
ED :
Rank: History of France
ST :
C.F. Gerhardt: New Theory of Organic Compounds
ST :
David Livingstone explores Zambezi
ST :
Dutch army surgeon Mathysen impregnates bandages with plaster
ST :
Herbert Spencer: The Development Hypothesis (first use of the word "evolution")
ST :
James Sylvester: Calculus of Forms
DL :
The U.S. imports sparrows from Germany as defence against caterpillars
DL :
First Congress of Co-operative Societies meets in London
DL :
Formation of United All-English Cricket Eleven
VA :
Edwin Austin Abbey born
1853
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : The Reconciliation
VA :
Edmund Blair Leighton born
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee born
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Poems with the famous "preface" (Arnold's first important critical essay)
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, La Traviata
('The Woman Gone Astray')
M :
Robert Schumann : Scenes
from Goethe's Faust, for chorus and orchestra
M :
Franz Liszt : Piano Sonata
in B-minor
VA :
William Holman Hunt : The Awakening Conscience
PH :
Peace between Britain and Burma
PH :
Crimean War begins
PH :
Maria II of Portugal dies; succeeded by her son Pedro V
RP :
Johann Herzog: Encyclopaedia of Protestant Theology
ED :
Mommsen: History of Rome
RP :
Hippolyte Taine: Essai sur les fables de La Fontaine
M :
Henry Steinway and his three sons begins the New York firm of piano manufacturers
ED :
Melbourne University founded
ST :
Alexander Wood uses hypodermic syringe for subcutaneous injections
ST :
Queen Victoria allows choloroform to be administered to her during the birth of her seventh child, thus ensuring its place as an anaesthetic in Britain
DL :
Telegraph system established in India
DL :
Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
VA :
Howard Pyle born
VA :
Vincent van Gogh born 30 March
1854
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Das Rheingold
M :
Franz Liszt : Symphonic Poem, Orpheus
M :
Hector Berlioz : Oratorio, The Childhood of Christ
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Joan of Arc
VA :
William Holman Hunt : The Scapegoat
PH :
Convention of Bloemfontein
PH :
Britain and France conclude alliance with Turkey and declare war on Russia
PH :
"War for Bleeding Kansas" between free and slave states in U.S. GO !
PH :
Elgin Treaty between Britain and U.S. on Canadian trade
RP :
George Boole: An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities
RP :
Jewish seminary established at Breslau
DL :
Juvenile Offenders Act in Great Britain
RP :
Pope Pius IX declares the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary to be an article of faith
ST :
Christian Ehrenberg: Microgeology
ST :
Laryngoscope invented
ST :
First form of lightbulb developed
ST :
Georg Riemann: On the Hypotheses Forming the Foundation of Geometry
ED :
University College, Dublin, founded
DL :
Northcote-Trevelyan report leads to British Civil Service Commission
ED :
Working Men's College, London, founded
PH :
Abbas I, Viceroy of Egypt assassinated; succeeded by Mohammed Said
M :
Leoš Janácek born 3 July
M :
John Phillip Sousa born 6 November
1855
VA :
Arthur Hughes : April Love
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : Autumn Leaves
LT :
Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Maud
LT :
Robert Browning: Men and Women
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Poems, Second Series
VA :
Gustave Courbet : The Painter's Studio
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, Les Deux aveugles
('The Two Blind Men')
M :
Georges Bizet : Symphony in C
PH :
Czar Nicholas I of Russia dies; succeeded by Alexander II
PH :
Britain and Afghanistan join against Persia in Treaty of Peshawar
PH :
Taiping Rebellion ends
RP :
Henry Milman: History of Latin Christianity
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Principles of Psychology
DL :
George Audemars patents rayon production
ED :
Professorship of technology created at Edinburgh University
ST :
Printing telegraph invented
ST :
Tungsten steel developed
ST :
Mathew Maury: Physical Geography of the Sea
DL :
First iron Cunard steamer crosses Atlantic
DL :
Founding of The Daily Telegraph, London
DL :
London sewers modernised after outbreak of cholera
ST :
Florence Nightingale introduces hygienic standards into military hospitals during Crimean War
1856
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Home from the Sea
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : The Fisherman and the Siren
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Die Walküre
('The Valkyrie')
M :
Franz Liszt : Dante Symphony
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Valse-fantaisie, ('Fantasy Waltz') for orchestra
M :
Adolphe Adam : Ballet, Le Corsaire
M :
Georges Bizet : Operetta, Le Docteur Miracle
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : The Source
DL :
Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross
PH :
Reform edict in Turkish Empire; peace conference in Paris recognises integrity of Turkey
PH :
Anglo-Chin. war begins
PH :
Brit.-Persian war begins
ED :
J.A. Foude: History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Deafeat of the Armada
ED :
Theodor Goldstücker: Sanskrit Dictionary
RP :
Rudolf Lotze: Mikrokosmos
RP :
Hippolyte Taine: Les Philosophes classiques du XIXe siècle en France
ED :
Alexis de Tocqueville: L'Ancien régime et la révolution
ST :
Pure cocaine extracted from cocoa beans
ED :
Neanderthal skull found in Feldhofer Cave near Düsseldorf
DL :
"Big Ben" cast at Whitechapel Bell Foundry
VA :
John Singer Sargent born
M :
Heinrich Heine dies 17 February
M :
Adolphe Adam dies 3 May
M :
Robert Schumann dies 29 July
1857
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Aurora Leigh
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Simon Boccanegra
(later revised)
M :
Franz Liszt : Faust Symphony
PH :
Peace of Paris ends Anglo-Persian war
PH :
Indian Mutiny against British rule
PH :
Garibaldi forms Italian National Association for unification of the country
PH :
Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians) founded
ED :
Henry T. Buckle: History of Civilisation in England
RP :
Ernest Renan: Etudes d'histoire religieuse
VA :
Victoria and Albert Museum, London, opened
M :
Charles Hallé founds the Hallé concerts in Manchester
ST :
Pasteur proves that fermentation is caused by living organisms
DL :
Alpine Club, London, founded
DL :
Financial and economic crisis throughout Europe, caused by speculation in U.S. railroad shares
DL :
Matrimonial Causes Act in Britain
DL :
First safety elevator installed
ED :
Science Museum, South Kensington, London, founded
DL :
Transatlantic cable laid
DL :
Czar Alexander II begins the emancipation of serfs in Russia
M :
Mikhail Glinka dies 15 February
M :
Edward Elgar born 2 June
1858
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Opera, Scherz, List und Rache
('Joke, Trick and Revenge')
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Un Ballo in maschera
('A Masked Ball')
M :
Johann Strauss II : Polkas, Champagne and Tritsch-Tratsch
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, Orphée aux enfers
('Orpheus in the Underwold'), later revised
M :
Johannes Brahms : Serenade
No.1 for orchestra
M :
Hector Berlioz : Opera, The Trojans
PH :
Treaty of Tientsin ends Anglo-Chin. war
PH :
British proclaim peace in India
PH :
Prince William of Prussia declared regent for the insane King Frederick William IV
PH :
Alexander Karageorgevich deposed by Serbian Diet; Milos Obrenovic declared king
RP :
The Blessed Virgin Mary reputed to have appeared at Lourdes, France
RP :
Henry Carey: Principles of Social Science
ED :
Thomas Carlyle: Frederick the Great
RP :
The Paulist Fathers founded by American Catholic priest Issac Hecker
RP :
Lionel de Rothschild becomes first Jewish member of British Parliament
RP :
Philip Schaff: History of the Christian Church
M :
New York Symphony gives its first public concert
ST :
T.H. Huxley: The Theory of the Vetebrate Skulls
ST :
Mirror galvanometer invented
DL :
National Association of Baseball Players organised in America
DL :
Ottawa becomes capital of Canada
DL :
South Foreland lighthouse lit by electricity
M :
Giacomo Puccini dies 29 November
M :
Giacomo Puccini born 23 December
1859
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Knight of the Sun
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : Symphony No.1, La Nuit des Tropiques
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : On the Oise
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny : The Flood-Gate at Optevoz
The King of Naples surrenders, Italy proclaimed a kingdom by Parliament, with Victor Emmanuel II as king
PH :
Warsaw Massacre- troops fire at demonstrators against Russian rule
DL :
Emancipation of Russian serfs
PH :
Sultan Abdul Mejid of Turkey dies; succeeded by his brother Abdul Aziz
PH :
Pedro V of Portugal dies; succeded by Louis I
ED :
Vladimir Dahl: Dictionary of the Living Russian Tongue
RP :
Ferdinand Lassalle: System of Assigned Rights
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Education: Moral, Intellectual, Physical
RP :
Arthur P. Stanley: Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church
M :
Royal Academy of Music, London, founded
ST :
Archaeopteryx: skeleton of link between reptiles and bird discovered
ST :
Thallium discovered
ST :
First machine-chilled cold storage unit built
DL :
Daily weather forecasts are begun in Britain
DL :
Queen Victoria creates the Order of the Star of India
DL :
U.S. introduces passport system
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning dies 29 June
VA :
John William Godward born 9 August
1862
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Goblin Market and Other Poems
LT :
Elizabeth Barret Browning: Last Poems (posth.)
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk : Union
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, The Queen of Spades
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, La Forza del destino
('The Force of Destiny')
M :
Johann Strauss II : Musical scherzo, Perpetuum Mobile
M :
Anton Bruckner : String Quartet
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Quintet
M :
Hector Berlioz : Opera, Beatrice and Benedict
PH :
King Otto I of Greece resigns after military revolt
ED :
James Bruce: The Holy Roman Empire
ED :
George Rawlinson: The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World
RP :
Herbert Specner: First Principles
ST :
Lion Foucault successfully measures the speed of light
ST :
Helmholtz: The Doctrine of the Sensations of Tones
DL :
Swiss humanist Jean Henri Duanant proposes in his book Souvenir de
Solferinio the foundation of an international Voluntary
relief organisation - the Red Cross
DL :
International Exhibition, London
M :
Frederick Delius born 29 January
VA :
Gustav Klimt born 14 July
M :
Claude Debussy born 22 August
1863
VA :
Arthur Hughes : Ophelia
VA :
Jessie Willcox Smith born
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : The Birth of Venus
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Opera, Die Loreley
M :
Bedrich Smetana : Opera, The Brandenburgers in Bohemia
M :
Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Petite messe solennelle
('Little Solemn Mass')
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso
for violin and orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms :
String Quartet No.2
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, Les Pêcheurs de perles
('The Pearl Fishers')
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Songs
'The Seminarist', 'Darling Savishna'
M :
Franz Liszt : Années de Pèlerinage
Book III
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.1
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, La Source
also known as Naila
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, La joie fille de Perth
VA :
Claude Monet : Jeanne-Marguerite Lecadre
PH :
Alexander Xuza, Prince of Rumania, dethroned; succeeded by Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern, as King Carol I
PH :
Treaty of Vienna ends Austro-Ital. war
PH :
Revolts in Crete against Turkish rule
ED :
Pierre Larousse: Grand dictionnaire universel du XIX siècle
RP :
Friedrich Lange: History of Materialism
RP :
American Evangelical Alliance founded
ST :
Aeronautical Society of Great Britain founded
ST :
Ernst Haeckel: General Morphology (fundamental law of biogenetics)
ST :
Dynamite invented
ST :
Underwater torpedo invented
DL :
"Black Friday" on London Stock Exchange
DL :
Dr. T.J. Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children at Stepney, London
M :
Erik Satie born 17 May
VA :
Wassily Kandinsky born in Moscow
1867
LT :
Walt Whitman: Democratic Vistas I
LT :
Mathew Arnold: On the Study of Celtic Literature
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, La Grand'tante
('The Great Aunt')
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, The Jolly Robbers
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
('The Mastersingers of Nuremberg')
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Art and Literature
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltzes, The Blue Danube and An Artist's Life
M :
Bedrich Smetana : Opera, Dalibor
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : 'Symphonic Picture', Sadko
(later revised as an opera)
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song
'Gathering Mushrooms'
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : St John's Night on the Bare Mountain
for orchestra (later revised by Rimsky and Mussorgsky)
M :
Franz Liszt : Oratorio, Christus
M :
Edvard Grieg : Lyric Pieces
for Piano, Book I
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.1
VA :
Jean-Frédéric Bazille : The Artist's Family on a Terrace near Montpellier
VA :
Edouard Manet : The Execution
VA :
Ernest Meissonier : Information:
VA :
Alfred Sisley : Avenue of Chestnut Trees Near Le Celle St. Cloud
VA :
Gavin Hamilton : The Oath of Brutus
VA :
William Holman Hunt : Self Portrait
DL :
The Queensberry Rules, by John Graham Chambers of the London Amateur Athletic Club
PH :
Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy created by "Ausgleich"; Francis Joseph I crowned King of Hungary at Budapest
PH :
Brit. Parliamentary Reform Act
ST :
Discovery of S. African diamond field
ED :
E.A. Freeman: History of the Norman Conquest
PH :
Fenian outrages in Ireland and in Manchester
ST :
Gold discovered in Wyoming
ST :
Livingstone explores Congo
RP :
Marx: Das Kapital, vol. I
PH :
N. German Confederation founded
PH :
Napoleon III withdraws his support from Maximilian in Mexico; Maximilian executed
VA :
Paris World's Fair introduces Japanese art to the West
DL :
Pierre Michaux begins to manufacture bicycles
RP :
Pope Pius IX, on the 18th centenary of the St. Peter and St. Paul, announces his intention to hold an ecumenical council
LT :
Reclams Universal Bibliothek, first of all paperback series, founded at Leipzig
RP :
Walter Bagehot: The English Constitution
VA :
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres dies 14 January
VA :
Arthur Rackham born
VA :
Pierre-Etienne-Théodore Rousseau dies 22 December
1868
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Rape
VA :
Edouard Manet : The Balcony
VA :
Jean-François Millet : Spring
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti : La Pia de'Tolomei
LT :
Walt Whitman: Democratic Vistas II
LT :
Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book
VA :
Gustave Courbet : The Source
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : The Fallen Angel
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.1 in G-minor
M :
Johann Strauss II : Polka, Thunder and Lightning
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Tales from the Vienna Woods
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Piano Concerto
No.2
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Symphony
No.2, 'Antar' (later revised as an 'Oriental Suite')
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Operetta, La Périchole
M :
Edvard Grieg : Piano Concerto
in A-minor
M :
Anton Bruckner : Mass
No.3, for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms :
A German Requiem
VA :
Jean-Frédéric Bazille : View of the Village
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : Acme and Septimius
VA :
Lord Frederic Leighton : Jonathon's Token to David
RP :
A.H. Stephens: A Constitutional View of the War between the States
ED :
Aust. schools freed from Church control
RP :
Bakunin founds Alliance internationale de la démocratie sociale
ST :
Charles Darwin: The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
VA :
Development of French impressionist style
DL :
Earliest recorded bicycle race at the Parc de St. Cloud, Paris
RP :
Ernst Haeckel: Natural History of Creation
PH :
King Michael III of Serbia assassinated; succeeded by Milan IV
PH :
Revolution in Spain; Queen Isabella II is deposed and flees to France
PH :
Shogun Kekei of Japan abdicates; shogunate abolished; Meiji dynasty restored
ST :
Skeleton of Cro-Magnon man from Upper Paleolithic age found in France
DL :
The game of badminton devised at the Kuke of Beaufort's residence, Badminton Hall, Gloucestershire
PH :
U.S. President Johnson impeached for violating Tenure-of-Office Act but acquitted by Senate GO !
DL :
Whitaker's Almanack appears in England
DL :
14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution prohibits voting discrimination, denies government office to certain Civil War rebels, and repudiates Confederate war debts
M :
Giaocchino Antonio Rossini dies 13 November
1869
VA :
Berthe Morisot : The Mother and Sister of the Artist
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Holy Grail and Other Poems
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Culture and Anarchy
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Oratorio, Der Turm zu Babel
('The Tower of Babel')
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Song, None But the Lonely Heart
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture fantasy, Romeo and Juliet
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Oratorio, The Prodigal Son
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Hungarian Dances for piano duet
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Le Grenouillere
DL :
British debtors' prisons are abolished
ST :
Celluloid invented
RP :
Eduard Hartmann: The Philosophy of the Unconscious
DL :
First Nihilist Congress meets at Basel, Switzerland
DL :
First postcards introduced in Austria
ST :
Francis Galton: Hereditary Genius, pioneering treatise on eugenics
PH :
General Grant inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
ED :
Girton College, Cambridge, founded
RP :
J.S. Mill: On the Subjection of Women
RP :
Mathew Arnold: Culture and Anarchy
ST :
Mendeleyev formulates his periodic law for the classification of the elements
DL :
Opening of Suez Canal by Empress Eugénie
PH :
Parliamentary system reintroduced in France
PH :
U.S. National Prohibition Party formed in Chicago
RP :
W.E.H. Lecky: A History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlesmagne
RP :
Walter Bagehot: Physics and Politics, etx.
M :
Hector Berlioz dies 8 March
M :
Louis Moreau Gottschalk dies 18 December
LT :
Edwin A Robinson born 22 December
VA :
Henri Matisse born
1870
LT :
Walt Whitman: Passage to India
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Commonplace and Other Short Stories
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Poems
LT :
William Blake: Hesiod
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Aida
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Overture di ballo
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Vienna Blood
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song-cycle, The Nursery
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, Coppélia
VA :
Jean-Frédéric Bazille : The Artist's Studio
VA :
Sir John Everett Millais : The Knight Errant
ED :
Dictionary of American Biography issued for the first time
PH :
Bismarck's "Ems Telegram"
PH :
End of Red River Rebellion; Manitoba becomes Canadian province
RP :
First Vatican Council promulgates the dogma of papal infallibility
M :
Founding of Société Nationale de Musique, France
ST :
Heinrich Schliemann begins to excavate Troy
PH :
Isabella of Spain abdicates in favour of Alfonso XII
ED :
Keble College, Oxford, founded
PH :
Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern accepts Span. throne but is forced to withdraw by the head of the House of Hohenzollern, King William I, following Fr. protest
PH :
Revolt in Paris and proclamation of the Third Republic
ST :
T.H. Huxley: Theory of Biogenesis
DL :
W. G. Grace and his brothers found the Gloucester Cricket Club
M :
Franz Lehár born 30 April
VA :
Frederick Maxfield Parrish born 25 July
1871
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Desperate Remedies
LT :
Mathew Arnold: Friendship's Garland
M :
Richard Wagner : Opera, Siegfried
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Hymn,
'Onward Christian Soldiers'
M :
Arthur Sullivan : The Merchant of Venice,
incidental music
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Pictures at an Exhibition
for piano (orchestrated later by Ravel and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Boris Godunov
(later revised by Rimsky)
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.4 'Romantic'
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, Carmen
VA :
Berthe Morisot : The Butterfly Chase
ST :
A.T. Still founds osteopathy
PH :
Alfonso XII, son of Queen Isabella, proclaimed King of Spain
DL :
Civil marriage is made compulsory in Germany
PH :
End of Ashanti war
RP :
Ernst Haeckel: Anthropogenie
DL :
First American zoo established in Philadelphia
VA :
First impressionist exhibition
RP :
Henry Sidgwick: Methods of Ethics
M :
Paris Opéra completed
DL :
Pressure-cooking methods for canning foods introduced
DL :
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children founded in New York
ST :
Streptococci and staphylococci discovered
PH :
Swiss Constitution revised
DL :
Tennis introduced to the U.S.
DL :
Union Générale des Postes established in Berne, Switzerland
LT :
Robert Frost born 26 March
M :
Arnold Schoenberg born 13 September
M :
Gustav Holst born 21 September
M :
Charles Ives born 20 October
1875
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Queen Mary
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Floor Strippers
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.3, 'Polish'
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Piano Concerto
No.1
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Trial by Jury
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Piano Concerto
No.4
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song-cycle, Songs and Dances of Death
(plus additional song, 'The Field Marshal', in 1877)
M :
Edvard Grieg : Incidental music
to the play Peer Gynt
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Strings
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.5
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Der Makkabäer
('The Maccabees')
VA :
Claude Monet : Woman with a Parasol
VA :
Berthe Morisot : A Woman at her Toilette
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Young Woman with a Veil
ST :
Element gallium discovered
RP :
Emile Laveleye: Le Protestantisme et le Catholicisme
DL :
First roller-skating rink opens in London
DL :
First swim across English Channel - Captain Matthew Webb
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann: Troy and Its Remains
PH :
Japanese courts of law are reformed
PH :
Kwang Hsu becomes Emperor of China
ED :
London Medical School for Women founded
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy: Science and Health
DL :
Public Health Act is passed in Britain
PH :
Rebellion in Cuba
RP :
Religious orders abolished in Prussia
PH :
Risings in Bosnia and Herzegovina against Turk. rule
VA :
The "Hermes" of Praxiteles found at Olympia, Greece
RP :
Theosophical Society founded by Helena Blavatsky
VA :
Jean-François Millet dies 20 January
VA :
Camille Corot dies 22 February
M :
Maurice Ravel born 7 March
M :
Georges Bizet dies 3 June
1876
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Star
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Hand of Ethelberta
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Fatinitza
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Mirror of Venus
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Marche Slave
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky :
Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphonic fantasy, Francesca da Rimini
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Ballet, Swan Lake
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.1 ('From My Life')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Quintet
for piano and wind instruments
M :
Edvard Grieg : Ballade
in G-minor
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.5
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, Sylvia
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.1
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Ball at the Moulin de la Galette
VA :
John William Waterhouse : After The Dance
ST :
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
ST :
Anthrax bacillus discovered
M :
Bayreuth Festspielhaus opens with first complete performance of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen
DL :
Deutsche Richsbank opens
RP :
F.H. Bradley: Ethical Studies
DL :
First Chin. railroad is completed
DL :
First tennis tournament in U.S.
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann excavates Mycenae
ED :
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, opens
PH :
Korea becomes an independent nation
RP :
Lombroso: The Criminal
PH :
Montenegro declares war on Turkey
PH :
Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Sultan Abdul Aziz deposed in May; his successor, Murad V, deposed in August and succeeded by Abdul Hamid II
DL :
World Exhibition at Philadelphia
VA :
Second Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Manuel de Falla born 23 November
1877
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper born
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : Street in Paris: A Rainy Day
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Sorcerer
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Ballad,
'The Lost Chord'
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Opera, Samson and Delilah
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Stabat Mater
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphonic Variations
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.2
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti : A Sea Spell
DL :
"Blue Cross" Founded to fight alcoholism by Swiss theologian Louis Lucien Rochet
ST :
Canals on Mars observed by Giovanni Schiaparelli
ST :
Edison invents phonograph
DL :
Famine in Bengal
PH :
First Kaffir War
DL :
First public telephones (U.S.)
RP :
J.C.F. Zöllner: Treatise of Spiritualism
ST :
Lord Rayleigh: Treatise on Sound
ST :
Oxygen liquefied
DL :
Patent Protection Law enacted in Germany
PH :
Porfirio Diaz- President of Mexico
PH :
Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India
PH :
Russia declares war on Turkey and invades Rumania; Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Satsuma revolt in Japan suppressed
VA :
Third impressionist exhibition, Paris
VA :
Third Impressionist Exhibition
VA :
Raoul Dufy born
VA :
Frank E. Schoonover born
VA :
Gustave Courbet dies 31 December
1878
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Return of the Native
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Orange Trees
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.2
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.4
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Opera, Eugene Onegin
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, H.M.S. Pinafore
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Wind Instruments
M :
Antonin Dvorák :
Slavonic Dances, first series
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Violin Concerto in D
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Piano Concerto
in F-minor
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee : Miranda
M :
A. W. Ambros: Geschichte der Musik
PH :
Anti-Socialist Law enacted in Germany
DL :
Bicycle Touring Club founded in England
DL :
C.I.D., New Scotland Yard, established in London
RP :
Charles Pierce: How to Make Our Ideas Clear (Philosophy of Pragmatism)
VA :
Cleopatra's Needle is moved to London
DL :
Deutscher Fussballverein, Hanover, founded
DL :
Electric street lighting is introduced in London
DL :
First European crematorium established at Gotha, Germany
DL :
First bicycles manufactured in America
M :
George Grove begins Dictionary of Music and Musicians
RP :
George Romanes: A Candid Examination of Theism
RP :
German historian Heinrich Treitschke begins racial anti-Semite movement, and Berlin court preacher Adolf Stoecker founds Christlich-Soziale Arbeiterpartei
PH :
Greece declares war on Turkey
ST :
Iodoform first used as an antiseptic
DL :
Karl Benz builds motorised tricycle with top speed of seven miles per hour
ST :
Microphone invented
DL :
Paris World Exhibition
RP :
Pope Pius IX dies; Cardinal Count Pecci succeeds as Leo XIII
DL :
Repeater rifle produced
PH :
Turk-Russ. armistice signed
PH :
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy dies; succeeded by his son Humbert I
ED :
W.E. Lecky: History of England in the Eighteenth Century
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny dies 19 February
VA :
Malevich born
M :
Franz Schreker born 23 March
LT :
John Masefield born 1 June
LT :
William Cullen Bryant dies 12 June
1879
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Cup of Tea
VA :
Mary Cassatt : At the Opera
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Boccaccio
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Pirates of Penzance
M :
Bedrich Smetana :
Cycle of symphonic poems, collectively entitled Má Vlast ('My Fatherland')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, May Night
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky :
'The Song of the Flea'
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.1
VA :
Edouard Manet : In the Conservatory
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Irene Cahen d'Anvers
RP :
A.J. Balfour: Defence of Philosophic Doubt
PH :
Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria
RP :
Anti-Jesuit Laws introduced in France
DL :
Brit. churchman W. L. Blackly proposes a scheme for old-age pensions
ST :
First electric tram exhibited at Berlin Trade Exhibition
RP :
Henry George: Progress and Poverty
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Principles of Ethics
PH :
Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, deposed; succeeded by Tewfik
DL :
London's first telephone exchange established
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy becomes pastor of Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston
PH :
Peace signed with Zulu chiefs
RP :
Robert Giffen: Essay on Finance
ST :
Saccharin discovered
ST :
Scandium discovered
DL :
The public granted unrestricted admission to the British Museum
PH :
Treaty of Gandamak
ED :
Treitschke: History of Germany in the XIXth Century
VA :
Fourth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Ottorino Respighi born 9 July
LT :
Wallace Stevens born 2 October
VA :
Paul Klee born
1880
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : Dancers in Pink
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Ballads and Other Poems
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Trumpet-Major
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Lydia in a Loge Wearing a Pearl Necklace
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : View Across a Balcony
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : Phèdre
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Golden Stairs
M :
Jules Massenet : Oratorio, La Vierge
('The Virgin')
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Scottish Fantasia
for violin and orchestra
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Temptation
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Serenade for Strings
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Capriccio Italien
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture, 1812
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Roses from the South
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin concerto
No.3
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Opera, Les Contes d'Hoffmann
('The Tales of Hoffmann'); orchestration completed posthumously by Ernest Guiraud
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Sorochintsky Fair
(completed by Anatol Lyadov and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Khovanshchina
(completed by Rimsky)
M :
Gustav Mahler :
Starts on song settings Des Knaben Wunderhorn ('Youth's Magic Horn')
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Violin Concerto
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.6
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Jean de Nivelle
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : In the Steppes of Central Asia
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Academic Festival and Tragic overtures
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Kupets Kalashnikov
('The Merchant Kalashnikov')
VA :
Alfred Sisley : The Chemin de By through Woods at Roches-Coutaut:
DL :
Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores
ST :
Chicken cholera vaccine developed by Pasteur
ST :
First practical electric lights devised
RP :
John Claird: Philosophy of Religion
M :
London Guildhall School of Music founded
ST :
Malarial parasite discovered
DL :
New York streets are first lit by electricity
PH :
Pacific War: Chile against Bolivia and Peru
DL :
Parcel post introduced in England
PH :
Transvaal declares itself independent of Britain
DL :
World Exhibition takes place in Melbourne
VA :
Fifth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Jacques Offenbach dies 5 October
1881
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Cup
LT :
Christina Rossetti: A Pageant and Other Poems
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The King’s Tragedy and Ballads and Sonnets with The House of Life
LT :
Thomas Hardy: A Laodicean
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Dance Class
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Hérodiade
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Kol Nidrei
Adagio on Hebrew melodies, for cello and orchestra
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Patience
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin Sonata
No.1
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Snow Maiden
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Norwegian Dances for piano duet
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.6
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Ballade
for piano and orchestra
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Pièces pittoresques
('Picturesque Pieces') for piano
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Concerto No.2
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : At the Tepidarium
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Luncheon of the Boating Party
PH :
Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance
LT :
D'Oyly Carte builds the Savoy Theatre, London
RP :
Edward Tylor: Anthropology
DL :
Flogging abolished in Brit. Army and Navy
DL :
Freedom of press established in France
PH :
President Garfield is shot and killed in Sept. and succeeded by Chester Arthur GO !
ED :
Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, opened
RP :
Persecution of Jews in Russia
PH :
Political parties founded in Japan
DL :
The first of all cabarets, "Chat Noir", Paris, founded
PH :
Treaty of Pretoria: Britain recognises independent Transvaal Republic
ED :
University College, Liverpool, founded
ED :
Vatican archives opened to scholars
VA :
Sixth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Béla Bartók born 25 March
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky dies 28 March
VA :
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso born
1882
LT :
Walt Whitman: Specimen Days and Collect
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Two on a Tower
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Girl Sewing
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Evening Mood
M :
Richard Wagner : Music drama, Parsifal
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Iolanthe
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, La Rédemption
M :
Léo Delibes : Incidental music
to Victor Hugo's play Le Roi s'amuse, ('The King's Pleasure')
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Prelude and Fugue in G major
VA :
Edouard Manet : Bar at the Folies-Bergere
DL :
Bank of Japan founded
M :
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra founded
RP :
Besant: All Sorts and Conditions of Men
ED :
Charles University, Prague, divided into Ger. and Czech institutions
ST :
Edison designs first hydroelectric plant in Wisconsin
RP :
Leslie Stephen: Science of Ethics
DL :
London Chamber of Commerce established
RP :
Nietzche: Die fröliche Wissenschaft
PH :
Prince Milan Obrenovich of Serbia proclaims himself king
DL :
Queen Victoria gives Epping Forest to the nation
DL :
Recoil-operated machine gun patented
PH :
Triple Alliance between Italy, Austria, and Germany
DL :
U.S. bans Chinese immigrants for 10 years
RP :
Viennese physician Joseph Breuer uses hypnosis to treat hysteria (beginnings of psychoanalysis)
DL :
World Exhibition in Moscow
VA :
Seventh Impressionist Exhibition
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Georges Braque born
M :
Igor Stravinsky born 17 June
VA :
Edward Hopper born in New York
VA :
Newell Convers Wyeth born
M :
Zoltán Kodály born 16 December
1883
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Eine Nacht in Venedig
('A Night in Venice')
M :
Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.1
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.7
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Scherzo Capriccioso
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Lakmé
(including the famous 'Flower Duet' and the 'Bell Song')
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Rhapsody España
for orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.3
DL :
Bismarck introduces sickness insurance in Germany
DL :
Brooklyn Bridge, New York, opened to traffic
RP :
F. H. Bradley: The Principles of Logic
RP :
Fabian Society founded in London
ST :
First skyscraper built in Chicago, 10 stories
RP :
Jr. R. Seeley: The Expansion of England
RP :
Lester War: Dynamic Sociology
M :
Metropolitan Opera House, New York, founded
RP :
Nietzche: Thus Spake Zarathustra
DL :
Orient Express Paris- Istanbul makes its first run
PH :
Paul Kruger - President of South African Republic
ST :
Robert Kock describes a method of preventive inoculation against anthrax
M :
Royal College of Music, London, founded
ST :
Synthetic fibre produced
DL :
U.S. Civil Service reforms begin
DL :
U.S. frontiersman W. F Cody ("Buffalo Bill") organises his "Wild West Show"
DL :
World Exhibition opens in Amsterdam
M :
Richard Wagner dies 13 February
VA :
Edouard Manet dies 30 April
M :
Sir George Dyson born 28 May
M :
Edgard Varèse born 22 December
1884
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Manon
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Princess Ida
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Le villi
M :
Gustav Mahler : Song-cycle, Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen
('Songs of a Wayfarer')
M :
Edvard Grieg :
'Butterfly' and 'To the Spring' from Lyric Pieces, Book 3
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Holberg Suite
M :
Anton Bruckner : Te Deum
for chorus and orchestra
VA :
Georges Seurat : Bathing at Asnieres
DL :
Le Matin, Paris, issued
PH :
Berlin Conference of 14 nations on African affairs
DL :
Divorce re-established in France
ST :
Electrical precipitation discovered
DL :
First deep tube (underground railroad), London
ST :
First practical steam turbine engine invented
PH :
Fr. Law excludes members of former dynasties from presidency
DL :
Gold discovered in the Transvaal, rise of Johannesburg
RP :
Herbert Spencer: The Man versus the State
ST :
Ilya Mechinikov: Theory of Phagocytes
RP :
Kropotkin: Paroles du'un revolte
PH :
London Convention on Transvaal
ED :
Oxford English Dictionary begins publication
ST :
Tetanus bacillus discovered
M :
Bedrich Smetana dies 12 May
LT :
Gerard Manley Hopkins born 28 July
LT :
Sara Teasdale born 8 August
1885
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Tiresias and Other Poems
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Time Flies
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Sisters
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Le Cid
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Cantata, Achilleus
for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Manfred Symphony
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Mikado
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Der Zigeunerbaron
('The Gypsy Baron')
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Petite Symphonie
for wind instruments
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, Mors et Vita
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.7
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Opera, Gwendoline
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.4
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : A Tale from Homer
ED :
Albert Sorel: Europe and the French Revolution
DL :
First Leipzig Fair
PH :
Grover Cleveland inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
RP :
Henry Maine: Popular Government
DL :
John M. Fox introduces golf to America
RP :
Karl Marx: Das Kapital, vol 2 (posth.)
PH :
King Alfonso XII of Spain dies; Queen Maria Christina becomes regent
ST :
Pasteur devises a rabies vaccine to cure hydrophobia
ST :
Sir Francis Galton prove the individuality of fingerprints
RP :
The Mormons split into polygamous and monogamous sections
RP :
Tolstoi: My Religion
M :
Alban Berg born 9 February
M :
Domenico Scarlatti born 26 October
1886
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Locksley Hall Sixty Years After
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Mayor of Casterbridge
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Tub
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Child at Bath
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Otello
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Cantata, The Golden Legend
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Wedding Cake Caprice
caprice for piano and strings
