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Henry I (Beauclerc)
(1068 - 1135)

1068

DL : She-tsung, Emperor of China: nationalisation of agricultural production and distribution
PH : Nationalist risings in the north and west of England crushed by William I
VA : Shotoku Taishi Eden, oldest extant painting of Yamatoe style

1070

PH : Rising in Ely under Hereward
PH : Bavaria bestowed upon Welf IV by Henry IV
DL : Amalfi merchants found in Jerusalem the Order of St. John

1071

PH : Normans conquer last Byzantine possessions in Italy
PH : Romanus IV defeated and captured by Seljuks at Manzikert
PH : Michael VII, Eastern Emperor
ST : Constantine the African brings Greek medicine to Western world

1072

PH : Normans under Robert Guiscard conquer Palermo

1073

RP : Pope Gregory VII, Hildebrand of Soana
RP : Reorganisation of Eng. Church; York subordinated to Canterbury

1074

PH : Peace of Gerstungen between Henry IV and the Saxons
PH : Geza I, King of Hungary
RP : Excommunication of married priests

1075

PH : Syria and Palestine subdued by Seljuk leader Malik Shah
RP : Dictatus papae on papal world dominance

1076

PH : Gregory VII, challenged by Ger. bishops at the Synod of Worms, dethrones and excommunicates Henry IV

1077

PH : Boleslav II of Poland takes Kiev
PH : Romanus IV, Eastern Emperor
VA : Work begins on Bayeux tapestry
PH : Henry IV goes as penitent to Canossa and is absolved by Gregory VII
RP : First Eng. Cluniac monastery at Lewes

1078

PH : Nicephorus III, Eastern Emperor
DL : Building of Tower of London begins

1079

DL : Founding of Newcastle

1080

PH : Canute IV, the Saint, King of Denmark
PH : Henry IV again deposed and excommunicated
PH : Armenian state established in Cilicia
ST : Toledan table of positions of stars

1081

PH : Alexius I Comnenus, Eastern Emperor
DL : Commercial treaty between Venice and Byzantium

1085

PH : Henry IV extends the "Peace of God" over his whole empire
PH : Toledo taken from the Arabs by Alfonso VI
PH : Vratislav, Duke of Bohemia, crowned king

1086

PH : Almoravid dynasty revives Mohammedan rule in Spain
DL : Compilation of Domesday book (survey of assessment for tax)
RP : Pope Victor III
RP : Bruno of Cologne founds Carthusian Order

1087

PH : William the Conqueror dies; succeeded by William II "Rufus" in England and Robert in Normandy    GO !
DL : St. Paul's, London, burns down and is rebuilt

1088

DL : The Patzinak Turks settle between the Danube and the Balkans
RP : Pope Urban II

1090

PH : Ingo I, King of Sweden
ST : The first water-driven mechanical clock constructed in Peking

1091

PH : Treaty of Caen between William II and Robert of Normandy
ST : Walcher of Malvern notes eclipse of the moon in Italy

1092

PH : William II conquers Cumberland
PH : Vratislav II of Bohemia dies
PH : Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah dies; capital moved from Iconium to Smyrna

1093

PH : Malcom of Scotland killed during invasion of England; succeeded by his brother Donald Bane
RP : Hugh le Gros founds Benedictine monastery, Chester

1094

PH : The Cid takes Valencia from the Moors
DL : The first record of gondolas in Venice

1095

PH : Eric I, King of Denmark
PH : The Hungarians conquer Croatia and Dalmatia
RP : Council of Clermon: Pope Urban II proclaims First Crusade

1096

PH : Start of the First Crusade with Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tancred, nephew of Robert Guiscard

1097

PH : Edgar, son of Malcom, becomes King of Scotland

1098

M : Hildegard von Bingen born
PH : Louis VI made coregent of Philip I of France
PH : Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Man seized by Magnus II of Norway
RP : Monastery of Citeaux, the first Cistercian house, founded by St. Robert
ST : Nicholas Prevost of Tours: Antidotarum, a collection of 2650 medical prescriptions from Salerno

1099

PH : Crusaders take Jerusalem; Godfrey, appointed Defender of the Holy Sepulcher, defeats Egyptians at Ascalon
RP : Pope Paschal II

1100

PH : William Rufus killed accidentally by Sir Walter Tyrel in the New Forest; succeeded by Henry I    GO !
PH : Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem
LT : Chanson de Roland, Fr. heroic poem
DL : The dialect of the Il-de-France becomes the prevailing idiom of France
DL : Middle English supersedes Old English
VA : Appearance of Gothic architecture
M : Beginnings of secular music
M : Music school of St. Martial at Limoges develops polyphonic style
ST : Decline of Islamic science begins
DL : Munich and Stettin mentioned in records
ST : Probable colonisation of Polynesia from S. America

1101

PH : Treaty of Alton; Robert of Normandy is bought off after invading England
PH : King Conrad dies
PH : Roger II, Count of Sicily
PH : Minsk, capital of independent principality
PH : Accession of the Emperor Hai-tsung

1102

PH : Boleslav III, Duke of Poland

1103

PH : Magnus III of Norway invades Ireland and is killed
PH : Public Peace of Mainz for the Holy Roman Empire

1105

PH : Henry IV is captured by his son and abdicates
DL : Colonisation of eastern Germany begins

1106

PH : Henry IV dies; succeeded by Henry V, the last Salic emperor

1107

PH : Edgar of Scotland dies; succeeded by his brother Alexander I

1108

PH : Philip I of France dies; succeeded by Louis VI

1109

PH : Anglo-French war

1110

LT : Earliest record of a miracle play, Dunstable, England

1111

PH : Henry V crowned emperor in Rome

1112

PH : Henry V excommunicated by the Synod of Vienne

1113

PH : Balearic Islands conquered by Pisa
PH : Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Duke of Kiev
ED : "Leges Henrici" codified
RP : Order of Knights Hospitalers of St. John, Jerusalem, founded
RP : St. Bernard joins the Cistercian Order

1115

PH : Stephen II, King of Hungary
PH : State of Chin established in northern China
PH : Florence becomes free republic
RP : Founding of Clairvaux with St. Bernard as first abbot

1118

PH : John II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor
RP : Pope Galasius II

1119

PH : Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
RP : Pope Calixtus II, a Burgundian monk
ED : Bologna University founded

1120

PH : Peace between Henry I of England and Louis VI of France
PH : Disaster of the "White Ship"; the only legitimate son of Henry I of England drowned off Harfleur
RP : Full development of Scholastic philosophy
DL : The Chinese may have invented playing cards

1121

PH : The Ger. princes meet at Würzburg to work out a compromise between the pope and Emperor Henry V
RP : The Synod of Soissons condemns Abelard's teachings on the Trinity

1122

PH : The Byzantines exterminate Patzinak Turks
PH : Henry I creates earldom of Gloucester for his illegitimate son Robert of Caen
RP : Concordat of Worms settles investiture question

1123

PH : The Byzantine Emperor John II defeats Serbs
RP : First Lateran Council suppresses simony and marriage of priest
DL : Founding of St. Bartholomew's hospital, London

1124

PH : Alexander I of Scotland dies; suceeded by David I
PH : The Emperor John II defeats Hungarians
RP : William of Malmesbury: On the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury
RP : Pope Honorius II
DL : First Scottish coinage struck

1125

PH : Henry V dies; succeeded by Lothar of Saxony as king
ED : Tarnenari: O-Kagami, Japanese history
M : Beginning of troubadour and trouvère music in France
ST : Alexander Neckam: De utensilibus (earliest account of mariner's compass)

1126

PH : The Eng. barons accept Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V and daughter of Henry I of England, as successor to Henry I    GO !
PH : Lothar III makes his son-in-law Henry the Proud (Welf) Duke of Bavaria, and (from 1137) Duke of Saxony
DL : Venetian commercial privileges in Byzantine Empire renewed

1128

PH : Alfonso I, King of Portugal
RP : Order of the Templars recognised by the pope
RP : Abbey of Holyrood founded by David I of Scotland

1130

PH : Roger II crowned King of Sicily at Palermo
RP : Pope Innocent I
RP : Anaceltus II, antipope; a distinguished scholar and diplomat, he is canonically more acceptable than Innocent II but fails to get secular backing because he is the son of a rich, converted Jew, founder of the influential Pierleani family

1132

DL : Henry I of France grants charters of corporate towns protecting commerce and industry

1133

PH : Lothar III crowned emperor by Pope Innocent II
RP : Diocese of Carlisle founded
DL : St. Bartholomew's Fair, Smithfield, London (until 1855)

1134

PH : The Emperor Lothar III invests Albert the Bear with the Nordmark

1135

PH : King Conrad, Frederick of Swabia, the King of Denmark, and the Duke of Poland submit to Lothar III
PH : King Henry I of England dies; succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Boulogne, a grandson of William the Conqueror    GO !
PH : Foundation of the Italian line of the House of Este
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