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Art of the Great War

Two of the greatest shaping forces in twentieth century art were Cubism, and the First World War. We already know about Picasso and Cubism and how he and it changed the way artist have looked at things forever more. What we're not so conscious of is the way this pre-holocaust holocaust impacted art, which at that point in time, was primarily painting (it had an effect on movie-making too, but that's another story). We're accustomed to thinking of "the" anti-war movement as being a product of the 60's and 70's in reaction to the Vietnam War, but far more important in terms of art was the horror of young European artists of the post-World War One period, to that which had practically destroyed their continent. Out of this horror came Dada. It was first and foremost an anti-war movement as much as an art movement. To say the least it was anti-establishment, which included in that day and age, art. It was anti-tradition. It was, in fact, anti-anything-that-had-a-hand-in-plunging-the-world-into-war. At its best it was visionary and idealistic. At its worst, it was nihilistic. In Russia, it was akin to communism. Further west it espoused socialism. Further west still, in this country, it was tied up in a half a dozen other "isms" of one ilk or another.

We speak of the Dada movement in art sometimes with humour, sometimes with dismay, sometimes with a degree of disparagement. But whether we realise it or not, it changed "art" as much as Cubism. In fact it may have changed it more than Cubism because Cubism was largely a painting phenomena. Dada forever broadened the very definition of art, beyond painting, beyond sculpture, even beyond motion pictures. If nothing else it gave us performance art. It gave us multi-media art. It gave us art that very nearly defied definition. It made us look at ourselves as artists for the first time in history in terms of social relevance. Do we mean anything? Are we part of the problem or part of the solution. Is art a vehicle for social change? Should it be?

contributed by Lane, Jim


13 February 1998

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Dada
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Works  
"War" Triptych (Otto Dix)
A Street in Arras (John Singer Sargent)
Apollinaire Wounded (Pablo Ruiz y Picasso)
Assault under Gas (Otto Dix)
Belleau Wood (Frank E. Schoonover)
Declaration of War, 1914 (Max Beckmann)
Explosion (Georg Grosz)
Fighting Forms (Franz Marc)
Flanders (Otto Dix)
Gunner Guillaume de Kostrowitzky (Pablo Ruiz y Picasso)
Have You a Red Cross Service Flag? (Jessie Willcox Smith)
Heinrich Wagner, Reserve (Egon Schiele)
Improvisation (Wassily Kandinsky)
La Cocarde, Shot-down Plane (Ferdinand Léger)
Meal in the Sapping Trench (Otto Dix)
On the Slopes of Cléry-sur-Somme (Otto Dix)
Prague Street (Otto Dix)
Russian Officer (Egon Schiele)
Self-Portrait as a Nurse (Max Beckmann)
Self-portrait as a soldier (Ernst Ludwig Kirchner)
Self-Portrait as a Soldier, 1914 (Otto Dix)
Self-Portrait as a Target (Otto Dix)
Self-Portrait Wearing a Gunner's Helmet (Otto Dix)
Shell (Max Beckmann)
Skull (Otto Dix)
Soldiers Playing at Cards (Ferdinand Léger)
The Flare (Otto Dix)
The Morgue (Max Beckmann)
The Operation (Max Beckmann)
 

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