A Turkish leader, Saladin, unified all the Mohammedans in Asia Minor and captured Jerusalem on 19 September 1187. A call now went out in Europe to launch another crusade. Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Philip II of France, and Richard I of England each led contingents. The German army started out overland in the spring of 1188. On 9 June, 1190 Frederick Barbarossa was drowned while trying to cross a stream in Asia Minor. his army scattered, some returning to Europe, some being killed by the Turks. The English and French armies journeyed to the Holy Land by water. There were continual quarrels between Richard and Philip. After the capture of Acre, Philip abandoned the crusade, leaving Richard in charge. Richard proved to be a poor leader. At length he made a wretched peace with Saladin, by the terms of which Christians were granted permission to enter Jerusalem as unarmed pilgrims during the next three years. Saladin retained all of his lands, his Christian slaves, and the true cross, which he had captured at the battle of the Horns of Hattin in 1187. Richard sailed for home in September of 1192, but was made a prisoner near Vienna and delivered up to Emperor Henry VI.
