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1812 | During the War of 1812, the British encourage Seminoles to harass and attack settlements along the Georgia border, while the Governor of Florida (Spanish territory) encourages them to harass the Americans as well |
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1812 | 24 September - An American force of 110 men under Col. Daniel Newnan attack two chiefs on Spanish territory |
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1815 | 17 August - Two American gunboats under Lieutenant Loomis fire on and destroy a fort (on the Apalachicola River) that they suspect is manned by runaway slaves and a variety of Seminole and Creek warriors |
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1816 | 27 July - American troops on July 27, 1816, had destroyed the Seminole stronghold of Fort Apalachicola |
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1816 | December - Seminol attack on Fort Scott |
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1817 | 21 November - American attack on Fowl Town, a Seminole villiage, under Major Twiggs |
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1817 | 23 November - A second conflict at Fowl Town when returning U. S. forces (to obtain the supplies that were left) were surprised by waiting Seminoles |
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1817 | 27 December - General Andrew Jackson takes command, with orders to pursue the Indians across the Florida boundary (Official beginning of First Seminole War) |
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1818 | 7 April - General Jackson captures St. Marks |
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1818 | 20 April - Jackson marches to Bowlegs Town (named for Billy Bowleggs, Chieftain) and completely destroys it |
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1818 | 24 May - General Jackson captures Pensacola, securing American control of east Florida |
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1819 | 22 February - The United States Senate ratifies Adams-Onís Treaty with Spain, paying $5 million dollars for the territorial rights of Florida |
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1819 | 18 April - Capture of Robert Ambrister and Alexander Arbuthnot (two British traders alleged to be the instigators of the Indian raids): end of First Seminole War |
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1819 | 20 April - Georgia troops marched home to be disbanded |
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1819 | 24 April - General McIntosh and his brigade of Indians were dismissed |
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1823 | 18 September - Treaty of Moultrie Creek: Seminoles give up 28-million acres, retain 4 million acre reservation |
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1830 | 28 May - Indian Removal Act |
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1832 | 9 May - Treaty of Payne's Landing: 5 million acres in southwest Florida promised to Seminoles |
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1833 | 28 May - Treaty of Fort Gibson: Seminoles agree to give up their Florida lands within three years and move west of the Mississippi River, to the country assigned to the Creeks |
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1835 | June - Skirmish at Hog Town [present-day Gainesville] |
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1835 | August 6 - Attack on General Wiley Thompson at Fort King |
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1835 | 18 December - The battle of Black Point |
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1835 | 28 December - The Dade Massacre |
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1835 | 31 December - He and his warriors encountered a force of about 800 soldiers under General Clinch on the Withlacoochee River. |
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1836 | 9 January - Skirmish near Micanopy |
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1836 | 17 January - Skirmishes near St. Augustine |
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1836 | 22 January- Winfield Scott is ordered to assume command of the operations in Florida |
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1836 | 28 February - Skirmish at Camp Izard on the Withlacoochee River |
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1836 | 9 March - Gen. Gaines turns over command of Camp Izard to Gen. Clinch |
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1836 | 26 March-5 April - Winfield Scott’s Campaign fails, troops return to points of origin |
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1836 | 4 April-22 May - Blockhouse 12 miles from the mouth of the Withlacoochee Riveris besieged by a force of about 500 Seminoles |
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1836 | 5 April-17 April - Sieges of Camp Cooper and Fort Alabama |
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1836 | 14 April - A burial party from Fort Barnwell in Volusia is attacked |
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1836 | 20 April - Skirmish at Fort Drane |
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1836 | May/June - Fort King abandoned due to disease |
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1836 | 30 May - Governor Call assumes command of all forces in Florida |
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1836 | 9 July - Fort Defiance besieged |
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1836 | 17 July - Fort Drane ordered abandoned due to disease |
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1836 | 19 July - Battle of Welika Pond |
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1836 | 15-21 August - Major B. K. Pierce is ordered to travel to and close Fort Defiance, there he finds Osceola in command of Fort Drane; his force scatters the Seminoles into the surrounding hammock |
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1836 | 18 September - Colonel Warren reconnaissance mission is ambushed by a large force of Seminoles |
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1836 | 8-17 October - Call's force of 1,350 men is turned back at the bank of the Cove of the Withlacoochee |
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1836 | 13 November - Call's force crosses the Withlacoochee and burn 3 abandoned villages |
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1836 | 17-18 November - Call's forces charge two Seminole encampments |
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1836 | 21 November - Skirmish in in Wahoo Swamp |
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1836 | 9 December - Call is ordered to turn command over to Gen. Thomas Jesup |
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1836 | Mid-December - Gen. Jesup builds Fort Armstrong on the site of Dade's battle |
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1837 | 10 January - Gen. Jesup captures 52 blacks and flushes out a band of hostiles including Osceola; Osceola and three of his followers escape |
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1837 | 17 January - Militia from St. Augustine kills black leader John Ceasar |
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1837 | 23 January - Skirmish in a village near Lake Apopka |
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1837 | 27 January - Skirmish in a village on Lake Tohopekaliga |
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1837 | February - "Campaign of Re-location": Jesup decides to divide his army into 5 small groups |
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1837 | 3 February - Alligator, Jumper, and Micanopy arrive at Fort Dade to discuss a cease fire, they agree to return on the 8th for more discussion |
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1837 | 8 February - Chiefs fail to appear |
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1837 | 8 February - King Philip and his son's Coacoochee band attack at Lake Monroe |
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1837 | 9 February - Col. Foster's engages a village near Crystal River |
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1837 | 6 March - Treaty of Fort Dade: Seminoles and their allies agree to assemble at Fort Brooke to be moved west of the Mississippi, and that those Negroes with the Seminoles and their allies were to be relocated with them |
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1837 | 5 April - Boundary line established from the Hillsborough River due east and an order is given for no whites to cross it |
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1837 | 8 April - Gen. Jesup and several influential chiefs signed a secret agreement to turn over all slaves that were taken in the war. This would cause many problems due to the Indians not recording in writing when individuals were taken. |
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1837 | 18 April - Yaholoochee's band turns themselves in At Fort Brooke, the clans of Osceola, Sam Jones, Coa Hadjo, King Philip, Tuskinia, and Coacoochee arrive at Fort Mellon |
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1837 | 1 May - Whites are given permission to pass the boundary established 5 April, so they may gather their strayed cattle |
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1837 | Late May - Leaders Micanopy, Alligator, Jumper, and Cloud are moved with their bands from Fort Mellon to Fort Brooke |
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1837 | 2 June - Sam Jones and Osceola raid the camp near near Fort Brooke and scatter the Seminoles there awaiting relocation |
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1837 | 6 September - New order demands that all ex-slaves captured are to be turned over to the army instead of being permitted to stay with the Seminoles |
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1837 | 8 September - An ex-slave leads the army to King Philip's camp; all of the band is captured along with King Philip |
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1837 | 9 September - Village of Yuchi Billy cleared, the area of St.Augustine now nearly free of hostiles |
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1837 | 27 October l837 The capture of Osceola under false flag of truce |
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1837 | November - Fall Campaign of 1837: Army of the South is split into 4 parts |
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1837 | 5-14 December - Delegation of Cherokees appeal to chiefs for end of hostilities; a few chiefs agree to talk, but are taken capture as they approach with a flag of truce. Micanopy, Yaholoochee, Tuskegee, Nocose, and Yaholo are removed to Fort Marion |
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1837 | 19 December - Chief Jumper and his band turn surrender |
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1837 | 20 December - 26 Indians from the Lake Okeechobee area turn themselves over to Colonel Taylor |
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1837 | 25 December - Battle of Lake Okeechobee, it is a humiliating defeat for the army |
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1838 | 15 January - Skirmish against Tuskegee band near the headwaters of the Jupiter River |
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1838 | 24 January - The Battle of Lockahatchee |
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1838 | 30 January - Osceola dies of malaria in prison |
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1838 | 8 February - Tuskegee and Halleck Hajo discuss possible terms with Gen. Jesup, request a reservation in South Florida |
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1838 | 17 March - Reply from Washington D. C.: reservation proposal is refused |
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1838 | 21 March - Colonel David E. Twiggs disarms the Seminoles gathered for talks, the largest capture of the war |
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1838 | 22 March - Warriors under Holatoochee skirmish with troops under James Bankhead, Holatoochee is captured shortly after |
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1838 | Early April - Abraham and Holatoochee convince Chief Alligator to surrender |
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1838 | 15 May - Gen. Jesup turns over his command to Zachary Taylor |
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1838 | 27 May - Skirmish near the Okefenokee Swamp |
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1838 | 4 June - Seminoles burn Fort Dade to the ground; skirmish on Kanapaha Prairie |
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1838 | 1 October - Remaining Apalachicola Indians agree to leave Florida |
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1838 | November - Gen. Taylor sets his Fall and Winter Campaigns in motion |
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1839 | 2 February - 18 Indians captured near Fort Mellon |
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1839 | 25 February - 196 Indians are transported out of Florida to the Indian Territory |
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1839 | 18 March - General Macomb is ordered to Florida to help bring the war to an end through more negotiated treaties |
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1839 | 20 May - Chiefs Halleck Tustenuggee and Chito Tustenuggee sign an agreement that allows all bands in Florida to live in peace south of Pease Creek starting July 15th 1839 |
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1839 | 5 June - Thirty Indians held near Tampa Bay while awaiting removal) escape |
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1839 | 23 July - Col. William Harney's force near the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River is attacked |
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1839 | November - Governor Richard Call is replaced by Robert Raymond Reid |
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1840 | 28 March - A band of warriors ambush a scouting mission from Fort King under Captain Gabriel J. Rains |
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1840 | 6 May - W. R. Armistead relieves Z. Taylor |
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1840 | 19 May - Warriors under Coacoochee attack a force under James S. Sanderson; Newnansville is under siege by a band of hostiles |
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1840 | 2 June - Bennett Riley destroys Chocachatti stronghold |
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1840 | August - Hostilities are put on hold in hopes that the remaining bands will come in and agree to leave the territory |
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1840 | 7 August - Hostiles under Chakaika raid Indian Key |
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1840 | November - Hostilities are put on hold in hopes that the remaining bands will come in and agree to leave the territory |
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1840 | 10 November - Halleck Tustenuggee and Thlocko Tustenuggee meet with Gem. Armistead for peace talks, the Indians obtain supplies and leave, and hostilities are ordered to resume in the territory |
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1840 | 4 December - Lt. Col. Harney capture and execute Chekika along with six of his followers |
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1840 | 28 December - Skirmish at Martin's Point |
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1841 | February - 270 Indians are in containment camps awaiting removal to the west |
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1841 | March - Alburtis counters Chief Halleck Tustenuggee's ambush plans at Fort Brooks and fights the hostiles off |
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1841 | March - Chief Halleck Tustenuggee's band attacks a baggage train |
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1841 | March - General Armistead receives an allowance of $25,000 to bribe the Indian leaders into relocation; Coosa Tustenuggee receives $5,000 and each of the 60 warriors he brings in receives $30 and rifles for turning themselves in |
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1841 | 5 March - Coacoochee arrives at Fort Cummings hoping to receive much needed supplies for his followers and possibly favorable treatment for his people |
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1841 | 22 March - Coacoochee arrives at Fort Brooke and agrees that he and his band will turn themselves in for removal west |
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1841 | 31 May - General Armistead is succeeded by General William J. Worth |
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1841 | August - Coacoochee helps bring in Hospetarke, he talks the leader to come onboard a ship for a parley, which leads to his capture; a few of Hospetarke's followers are sent ashore to talk the rest of his band to turn themselves over for relocation |
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1841 | 9 August - Col. Worth's plan for white resettlement of the territory sees its first successful settlement: 13 white people and eight slaves attempt to resettle at Cedar Hammock near Fort White
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1841 | 12 October - Col. Worth sends a total of 211 Indians, including Coacoochee and Hospetarke, west saving a few of them to be used as guides and interpreters for the army |
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1841 | 19 October - A delegation of Seminole chiefs from Indian Territory, were sent to Fort Brooke in hopes they could persuade other bands to turn themselves in; they are successful in talking the chiefs Tiger Tail and Nethlochemathla and their followers (numbering about 160) to turn themselves over to the army at Fort Brooke
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1841 | 20 December - Halleck Tustenuggee attacks Mandarin, which results in a renewed campaign in the northern sections of the territory |
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1842 | 21 January - Tiger Tail leaves Fort Brooke ostensibly to work furthering the cause of relocation; he escapes and encourages Octiarche and his band of Creeks to resist to the last man |
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1842 | 25 January - A detachment under Major Joseph Plympton finds Halleck Tustenuggee's band near Dunn's Lake; the resulting skirmish chases the band deeper into the wild |
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1842 | February - Col. Worth states that the southern portion of the state is nearly clear of hostiles, most troops from that area to move north
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1842 | 19 April - Halleck Tustenuggee and his band are cornered near Peliklakaha. Forces under Col. Worth attempt to capture the band, but in what is considered the last battle of the Second Seminole War, they only succeed in scattering them once again
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1842 | 29 April - Halleck meets with Col. Worth, they travel together to Fort King for a feast prepared to lure Indians into the fort; capture yields 43 warriors, 37 women and 34 children
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1842 | 14 July - Halleck and his people are transported west |
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1842 | August - The government passes the Armed Occupation Bill into law |
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1842 | 5 August - Holato Mico and two of his sub-chiefs meet with Col. Worth, they are joined on the 9th by Tiger Tail and Octiarche; Col. Worth promises that the people can live in peace on a designated reservation along the west coast of Florida
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1842 | l4 August - President John Tyler orders the end of military actions against the Seminoles; the government declares the war over although no peace treaty is ever signed [official end of second Seminole War]
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1845 | Treaty between Creek, Seminole and U.S. to settle disputes in Indian territory |
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1855 | 19 December - The Third Seminole War begins when a U.S. Army survey party raids the plantation of Seminole Chief Holata Micco (Billy Bowlegs)
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1855 | 20 December - Holata Micco leads attack on U.S. soldiers in Big Cypress Swamp; Fort Drum and Fort Shackleford burned |
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1856 | Spring - Seminoles harrass crew of the Jupiter Lighthouse during its construction |
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1856 | May - Action near Holata Micco's town; Seminoles retreat |
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1856 | July - Destruction of Fort Deynaud |
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1856 | Treaty of 1856 provides some relief to Seminoles under Creek rule in Indian territories |
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1856 | December - Command under Col. Rogers is ambushed after burning Seminole village |
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1857 | 5 March - Last skirmish |
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1858 | 7 May - Holata Micco surrenders, accepting $8,000 to migrate, taking with him 165 followers [Official end of third Seminole War]
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1858 | A few hundred Seminoles, including Abiaka, remain in Big Cypress and other isolated parts of Florida. U.S. government abandons efforts to remove all Seminoles
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1866 | Treaty of Washington, D.C. with the Seminoles regarding rights, slavery, etc after the Civil War (the Seminole nation did make treaties with the Confederate States of America) |
