HumanitiesWeb.org - Guillaume de Machaut- The Flower Among Flowers [Chronology]
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28 October, 2012
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Guillaume de Machaut
(1300 - 1377)

1303

ED : Siena University founded

1300

M : Guillaume de Machaut born
PH : Edward I invades Scotland
PH : Wenceslas II of Bohemia elected King of Poland
LT : Development of Chinese drama
M : The 'Jongleurs', professional musical entertainers in France
DL : In the Ger. cities apothecaries become popular
DL : Temporary end of European slave trade

1301

PH : Andrew III of Hungary, last of the Arpads dies
PH : Edward I's son made Prince of Wales

1302

PH : Anglo-Scot. truce
RP : Papal bull "unam sanctam" pronounces highest papal claims to supremacy
VA : Cenni di Pepi (Cimabue) dies in Florence (year approximate)

1303

RP : Pope Boniface VIII quarrels with Philip IV of France and dies a prisoner in the Vatican
ED : Rome University founded
ST : Bernard of Gordon; first medical reference to spectacles

1304

ED : Peterhouse College, Cambridge, founded

1305

PH : Wenceslas II, King of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, dies
RP : Pope Clement V
DL : Edward I standardises the yard and the acre

1306

PH : Robert Bruce crowned King of Scots and defeated by the English at Methuen and Dalry
PH : Wenceslas III, last of the Premyslids, dies - Albert invests his son Rudolf with Bohemia
RP : Philip IV expels the Jews from France

1307

PH : Edward I dies; succeeded by Edward II     GO !
PH : The legendary Rutli vow of the three Swiss cantons
LT : Dante composes his Divina Commedia
RP : Archbishopric of Peking set up

1308

PH : Coronation of Edward II
PH : Albert I murdered; Henry VII, Count of Luxembourg is elected Ger. King
DL : King Philip IV builds one of the earliest indoor tennis courts in Paris

1309

RP : Clement V fixes papal residence at Avignon - beginning of the "Babylonia Captivity", during which Rome is not the papal seat
M : Marchettus of Padua pleads for the introduction of counterpoint into musical composition
ED : Founding of Orleans University

1310

PH : Council of Ten established in Venice

1311

PH : English barons force King Edward II to appoint "lord ordainers", and slowly transfer power away from him     GO !

1312

PH : Treaty of Vienna: Lyons incorporated into France
PH : Henry VII of Luxembourg crowned emperor in Rome

1313

PH : Henry VII of Luxembourg dies

1314

PH : Philip IV of France dies; succeeded by his son Louis X
PH : Double election of Frederick of Austria and Louis of Bavaria
RP : Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Templars, burned at the stake in Paris for alleged heresy
RP : Vacancy in the papal chair for more than two years

1315

PH : Swiss League renewed
DL : Lyons silk industry developed by Ital. immigrants
PH : King John of France dies and Philip V (called The Tall) proclaims himself king

1316

PH : Edward Bruce crowned King of Ireland
PH : Murberak, last of the Khilji rulers of Delhi
RP : Pope John XXII
PH : Philip V succeeds Louis X

1317

PH : Salic Law, excluding women from succession to throne, adopted in France

1318

PH : Edward Bruce killed in Battle of Faughart
PH : Truce between Swiss League and Hapsburgs

1320

PH : Gharzi Khan, Sultan of Delhi
PH : Peace of Paris between Flanders and France
PH : Vladislav I Lokietek, King of Poland, crowned in Crakow
M : Philippe de Vitry coins the name "Ars nova" for the new, strongly contrapuntal style of music

1321

RP : Monte Cassino becomes bishopric

1322

PH : Philip V succeeded by Charles IV
M : The pope forbids the use of counterpoint in church music

1323

PH : Edward II of England signs a truce with Robert the Bruce

1324

RP : Pope John XXII excommunicates Louis IV (called the Bavarian)
PH : Osman, founder of the Ottoman dynasty, and a Turkish leader, dies

1325

M : Francesco Landini born
PH : Louis of Bavaria accepts Frederick of Austria as co-regent
LT : Development of No plays in Japan
M : Organ pedals come into use

1326

PH : Osman I, ruler of Turkey, dies
ED : Founding of Oriel College, Oxford, and Clare College, Cambridge

1327

PH : Edward II, deposed by Parliament and murdered at Berkeley Castle, is succeed by Edward III
DL : The great fire of Munich
DL : Avignon's public sanitation was so deficient that the stench forced historian Petrarch to move out to nearby Vaucluse "to prolong my life."

1328

PH : Charles IV, last of the direct line of the Capets, dies; succeeded by Philip VI of the House of Valois
PH : Louis IV of Bavaria crowned emperor in Rome; declares Pope John XXII deposed for heresy
PH : Moscow becomes capital of Russia
ST : Invention of the sawmill

1329

PH : David II, King of Scots

1330

PH : Frederick of Austria dies; Louis IV of Bavaria is recognised as emperor
RP : Monastery of Ettal, Bavaria, founded
M : Paris Musicians' Guild, Ménétriers

1331

PH : Disputed Imperial succession in Japan leads to civil war against Hojo regents
ST : First record of weaving in England (York)

1332

PH : Edward Baliol, crowned King of Scots, recognises Edward III of overlord
PH : Lucerne joins Swiss League
PH : First record of Parliament divided into two houses
M : Company of mastersingers formed at Toulouse
DL : Bubonic plague originates in India

1333

PH : Casimir III of Poland
PH : Yusuf I, Caliph of Granada: zenith of Arabic civilisation in Granada

1334

RP : Pope Benedict XII

1337

PH : Edward III, claiming Fr. crown, assumes title King of France
PH : Beginning of the Hundred Years' War
ST : William Merlee of Oxford attempts first scientific weather forecasts

1338

PH : Alliance of Coblenz between Louis IV and Edward III
ED : Founding of Pisa University

1339

ED : Founding of Grenoble University

1340

ED : Queen's College, Oxford, founded

1341

LT : Petrarch crowned poet on the Capitol, Rome

1342

RP : Pope Clement VI

1345

DL : Bankruptcy of the great Florentine banking house of Bardi and Peruzzi

1347

PH : Cola di Rienzi, tribune of the people, rules Rome from April until December
PH : Louis IV dies; Charles IV of Luxembourg succeeds him as emperor
DL : Black Death devastates Europe

1348

PH : Edward III founds the Order of the Garter
ED : Prague University founded by Charles IV
ED : Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, founded

1349

RP : Persecution of the Jews in Germany
DL : Black Death kills a third of population of England

1350

PH : Philip VI of France dies; succeeded by John II
PH : Treaty of Bautzen: Charles IV cedes Brandenburg and Tirol to the Wittelsbachs
M : Cambrai, instead of Paris, becomes centre of French music
M : Lute playing popular in Europe
M : Mastersinger movement in Germany
DL : The Shogun of Japan prohibits the drinking of tea

1351

M : Jean de Muris dies
PH : Zurich joins Swiss League
PH : Firoz Shah, Sultan of Delhi
PH : Leopold III, Duke of Austria
DL : Tennis becomes an open-air game in England

1352

PH : Glarus and Zug join Swiss League
RP : Pope Innocent VI
ED : Corpus Christi College, Oxford, founded

1353

PH : Bern joins Swiss League
PH : Rupert I elector palatine

1354

ST : The mechanical clock at Strasbourg Cathedral

1355

PH : Charles IV of Luxembourg crowned emperor at Rome

1356

PH : Charles IV issues "Golden Bull", settling election of Ger. kings

1357

PH : Revolution in Paris against the Dauphin, led by Marcel and Robert le Coq

1358

PH : The Hapsburgs, twice defeated at Zurich, sign peace treaty with Swiss League

1359

PH : Treaty of London restores Fr. possessions once held by Henry II of England to Eng. crown

1360

PH : Treaty of Calais between Edward III and Philip of Burgundy
M : Beginnings of the development of the clavichord and cembalo
DL : The first francs coined in France

1361

DL : Black Death reappears in England
M : Philippe de Vitry dies 9 June

1362

PH : Dmitri IV Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow
RP : Pope Urban V

1363

PH : Timur the Lame (Tamerlaine) begins conquest of Asia
ST : Guy de Chauliac: Chirugia magna (on surgery in the Middle Ages)

1364

PH : John II of France dies; succeeded by Charles V
PH : Revolts in Crete against Venetian rule
M : Guillaume de Machaut: La Messe Notre Dame

1365

PH : Charles V crowned King of Burgundy at Arles
PH : Leopold III, Duke of Austria
ED : Founding of Vienna University

1366

PH : Adrianople made Turkish capital
PH : English Parliament refuses to pay feudal dues to the pope

1368

PH : Mongol Yüan dynasty in China overthrown by national Ming dynasty
PH : Timur ascends throne of Samarkand
PH : Restoration of the Great Wall of China

1369

DL : Building of the Bastille, Paris

1370

PH : Casimir III of Poland, last of the House of Piasts dies; Louis of Hungary elected king
RP : Pope Gregory XI
DL : Steel crossbow used as weapon of war
VA : Approximate date of birth of the Limbourg Brothers

1371

PH : Robert II, King of Scots: accession of the House of Stewart

1372

RP : Oxford becomes the spiritual centre of England

1373

DL : Tunnage and poundage imposed on merchants in England

1375

PH : Truce of Bruges between England and France

1376

PH : The Black Prince dies
PH : Wenceslas, son of Charles IV, crowned King of the Romans

1377

PH : Edward III dies; succeeded by his grandson Richard II     GO !
RP : Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome; end of the Church's "Babylonian Captivity"
M : The musicians of the papal chapel, Avignon, return with the court; beginnings of Rome as the centre of music
DL : Playing cards displace dice in Germany
M : Guillaume de Machaut dies 13 April
Personae

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