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| Ottorino Respighi
(1879 - 1936)
| | VA : | Mary Cassatt : The Cup of Tea | | VA : | Mary Cassatt : At the Opera | | M : | Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Boccaccio
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Pirates of Penzance
| | M : | Bedrich Smetana :
Cycle of symphonic poems, collectively entitled Má Vlast ('My Fatherland')
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, May Night
| | M : | Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky :
'The Song of the Flea'
| | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.1
| | VA : | Edouard Manet : In the Conservatory | | VA : | Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Irene Cahen d'Anvers | | RP : | A.J. Balfour: Defence of Philosophic Doubt | | PH : | Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria | | RP : | Anti-Jesuit Laws introduced in France | | DL : | Brit. churchman W. L. Blackly proposes a scheme for old-age pensions | | ST : | First electric tram exhibited at Berlin Trade Exhibition | | RP : | Henry George: Progress and Poverty | | RP : | Herbert Spencer: Principles of Ethics | | PH : | Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, deposed; succeeded by Tewfik | | DL : | London's first telephone exchange established | | RP : | Mary Baker Eddy becomes pastor of Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston | | PH : | Peace signed with Zulu chiefs | | RP : | Robert Giffen: Essay on Finance | | ST : | Saccharin discovered | | ST : | Scandium discovered | | DL : | The public granted unrestricted admission to the British Museum | | PH : | Treaty of Gandamak | | ED : | Treitschke: History of Germany in the XIXth Century | | VA : | Fourth Impressionist Exhibition | | M : | Ottorino Respighi born 9 July | | LT : | Wallace Stevens born 2 October | | VA : | Paul Klee born |
|
| | | VA : | Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : Dancers in Pink | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Ballads and Other Poems | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Trumpet-Major | | VA : | Mary Cassatt : Lydia in a Loge
Wearing a Pearl Necklace | | VA : | Gustave Caillebotte : View Across a Balcony | | VA : | Alexandre Cabanel : Phčdre | | VA : | Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Golden Stairs | | M : | Jules Massenet : Oratorio, La Vierge
('The Virgin')
| | M : | Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Scottish Fantasia
for violin and orchestra
| | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Temptation | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Serenade for Strings
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Capriccio Italien
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture, 1812
| | M : | Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Roses from the South
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin concerto
No.3
| | M : | Jacques Offenbach : Opera, Les Contes d'Hoffmann
('The Tales of Hoffmann'); orchestration completed posthumously by Ernest Guiraud
| | M : | Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Sorochintsky Fair
(completed by Anatol Lyadov and others)
| | M : | Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Khovanshchina
(completed by Rimsky)
| | M : | Gustav Mahler :
Starts on song settings Des Knaben Wunderhorn ('Youth's Magic Horn')
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Violin Concerto
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.6
| | M : | Léo Delibes : Opera, Jean de Nivelle
| | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : In the Steppes of Central Asia
| | M : | Johannes Brahms :
Academic Festival and Tragic overtures
| | M : | Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Kupets Kalashnikov
('The Merchant Kalashnikov')
| | VA : | Alfred Sisley : The Chemin de By
through Woods at Roches-Coutaut: | | DL : | Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores | | ST : | Chicken cholera vaccine developed by Pasteur | | ST : | First practical electric lights devised | | RP : | John Claird: Philosophy of Religion | | M : | London Guildhall School of Music founded | | ST : | Malarial parasite discovered | | DL : | New York streets are first lit by electricity | | PH : | Pacific War: Chile against Bolivia and Peru | | DL : | Parcel post introduced in England | | PH : | Transvaal declares itself independent of Britain | | DL : | World Exhibition takes place in Melbourne | | VA : | Fifth Impressionist Exhibition | | M : | Jacques Offenbach dies 5 October |
|
| | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Cup | | LT : | Christina Rossetti: A Pageant and Other Poems | | LT : | Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The Kings Tragedy and Ballads and Sonnets with The House of Life | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: A Laodicean | | VA : | Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Dance Class | | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Hérodiade
| | M : | Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Kol Nidrei
Adagio on Hebrew melodies, for cello and orchestra
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Patience
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin Sonata
No.1
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Snow Maiden
| | M : | Edvard Grieg :
Norwegian Dances for piano duet
| | M : | Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.6
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Ballade
for piano and orchestra
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Pičces pittoresques
('Picturesque Pieces') for piano
| | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.2
| | M : | Johannes Brahms :
Piano Concerto No.2
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : At the Tepidarium | | VA : | Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Luncheon of
the Boating Party | | PH : | Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance | | LT : | D'Oyly Carte builds the Savoy Theatre, London | | RP : | Edward Tylor: Anthropology | | DL : | Flogging abolished in Brit. Army and Navy | | DL : | Freedom of press established in France | | PH : | President Garfield is shot and killed in Sept. and succeeded by Chester Arthur GO ! | | ED : | Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, opened | | RP : | Persecution of Jews in Russia | | PH : | Political parties founded in Japan | | DL : | The first of all cabarets, "Chat Noir", Paris, founded | | PH : | Treaty of Pretoria: Britain recognises independent Transvaal Republic | | ED : | University College, Liverpool, founded | | ED : | Vatican archives opened to scholars | | VA : | Sixth Impressionist Exhibition | | M : | Béla Bartók born 25 March | | M : | Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky dies 28 March | | VA : | Pablo Ruiz y Picasso born |
|
| | | LT : | Walt Whitman: Specimen Days and Collect | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Two on a Tower | | VA : | Mary Cassatt : Girl Sewing | | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Evening Mood | | M : | Richard Wagner : Music drama, Parsifal
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Iolanthe
| | M : | Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, La Rédemption
| | M : | Léo Delibes : Incidental music
to Victor Hugo's play Le Roi s'amuse, ('The King's Pleasure')
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Prelude and Fugue in G major
| | VA : | Edouard Manet : Bar at the Folies-Bergere | | DL : | Bank of Japan founded | | M : | Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra founded | | RP : | Besant: All Sorts and Conditions of Men | | ED : | Charles University, Prague, divided into Ger. and Czech institutions | | ST : | Edison designs first hydroelectric plant in Wisconsin | | RP : | Leslie Stephen: Science of Ethics | | DL : | London Chamber of Commerce established | | RP : | Nietzche: Die fröliche Wissenschaft | | PH : | Prince Milan Obrenovich of Serbia proclaims himself king | | DL : | Queen Victoria gives Epping Forest to the nation | | DL : | Recoil-operated machine gun patented | | PH : | Triple Alliance between Italy, Austria, and Germany | | DL : | U.S. bans Chinese immigrants for 10 years | | RP : | Viennese physician Joseph Breuer uses hypnosis to treat hysteria (beginnings of psychoanalysis) | | DL : | World Exhibition in Moscow | | VA : | Seventh Impressionist Exhibition | | LT : | Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April | | VA : | Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April | | VA : | Georges Braque born | | M : | Igor Stravinsky born 17 June | | VA : | Edward Hopper born in New York | | VA : | Newell Convers Wyeth born | | M : | Zoltán Kodály born 16 December |
|
| | | M : | Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Eine Nacht in Venedig
('A Night in Venice')
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.2
| | M : | Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.7
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Scherzo Capriccioso
| | M : | Léo Delibes : Opera, Lakmé
(including the famous 'Flower Duet' and the 'Bell Song')
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Rhapsody Espańa
for orchestra
| | M : | Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.3
| | DL : | Bismarck introduces sickness insurance in Germany | | DL : | Brooklyn Bridge, New York, opened to traffic | | RP : | F. H. Bradley: The Principles of Logic | | RP : | Fabian Society founded in London | | ST : | First skyscraper built in Chicago, 10 stories | | RP : | Jr. R. Seeley: The Expansion of England | | RP : | Lester War: Dynamic Sociology | | M : | Metropolitan Opera House, New York, founded | | RP : | Nietzche: Thus Spake Zarathustra | | DL : | Orient Express Paris- Istanbul makes its first run | | PH : | Paul Kruger - President of South African Republic | | ST : | Robert Kock describes a method of preventive inoculation against anthrax | | M : | Royal College of Music, London, founded | | ST : | Synthetic fibre produced | | DL : | U.S. Civil Service reforms begin | | DL : | U.S. frontiersman W. F Cody ("Buffalo Bill") organises his "Wild West Show" | | DL : | World Exhibition opens in Amsterdam | | M : | Richard Wagner dies 13 February | | VA : | Edouard Manet dies 30 April | | M : | Sir George Dyson born 28 May | | M : | Edgard Varčse born 22 December |
|
| | | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Manon
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Princess Ida
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Le villi
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Song-cycle, Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen
('Songs of a Wayfarer')
| | M : | Edvard Grieg :
'Butterfly' and 'To the Spring' from Lyric Pieces, Book 3
| | M : | Edvard Grieg :
Holberg Suite
| | M : | Anton Bruckner : Te Deum
for chorus and orchestra
| | VA : | Georges Seurat : Bathing at Asnieres | | DL : | Le Matin, Paris, issued | | PH : | Berlin Conference of 14 nations on African affairs | | DL : | Divorce re-established in France | | ST : | Electrical precipitation discovered | | DL : | First deep tube (underground railroad), London | | ST : | First practical steam turbine engine invented | | PH : | Fr. Law excludes members of former dynasties from presidency | | DL : | Gold discovered in the Transvaal, rise of Johannesburg | | RP : | Herbert Spencer: The Man versus the State | | ST : | Ilya Mechinikov: Theory of Phagocytes | | RP : | Kropotkin: Paroles du'un revolte | | PH : | London Convention on Transvaal | | ED : | Oxford English Dictionary begins publication | | ST : | Tetanus bacillus discovered | | M : | Bedrich Smetana dies 12 May | | LT : | Gerard Manley Hopkins born 28 July | | LT : | Sara Teasdale born 8 August |
|
| | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Tiresias and Other Poems | | LT : | Christina Rossetti: Time Flies | | VA : | Mary Cassatt : The Sisters | | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Le Cid
| | M : | Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Cantata, Achilleus
for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Manfred Symphony
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Mikado
| | M : | Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Der Zigeunerbaron
('The Gypsy Baron')
| | M : | Charles-François Gounod : Petite Symphonie
for wind instruments
| | M : | Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, Mors et Vita
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.7
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Opera, Gwendoline
| | M : | Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.4
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : A Tale from Homer | | ED : | Albert Sorel: Europe and the French Revolution | | DL : | First Leipzig Fair | | PH : | Grover Cleveland inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO ! | | RP : | Henry Maine: Popular Government | | DL : | John M. Fox introduces golf to America | | RP : | Karl Marx: Das Kapital, vol 2 (posth.) | | PH : | King Alfonso XII of Spain dies; Queen Maria Christina becomes regent | | ST : | Pasteur devises a rabies vaccine to cure hydrophobia | | ST : | Sir Francis Galton prove the individuality of fingerprints | | RP : | The Mormons split into polygamous and monogamous sections | | RP : | Tolstoi: My Religion | | M : | Alban Berg born 9 February | | M : | Domenico Scarlatti born 26 October |
|
| | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Locksley Hall Sixty Years After | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Mayor of Casterbridge | | VA : | Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Tub | | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Child at Bath | | M : | Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Otello
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Cantata, The Golden Legend
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Wedding Cake Caprice
caprice for piano and strings
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Carnival of the Animals
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Symphony
No.3, 'Organ Symphony'
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Piano Quartet
No.2
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák :
Slavonic Dances, second series
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Souvenirs de Munich
for piano duet
| | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.3 (completed by Glazunov)
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Suite espańola
for piano
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, The Gladiator
| | VA : | Sir John Everett Millais : Bubbles | | VA : | Georges Seurat : Sunday Afternoon in the
Park of the Island Grand Jatte | | RP : | Adolf von Harnack: History of Dogma | | PH : | Alexander of Bulgaria abdicates after coup d'état; Stefan Stambulov becomes regent | | ST : | Aluminum produced by electrolysis | | DL : | American Federation of Labor founded | | ST : | Aminopyrine and acitanelide discovered | | RP : | Andrew Carnagie: Triumphant Democracy | | ED : | Auguste Fournier: Napoleon I (3 vols) | | ED : | British School of Archaeology opens at Athens | | M : | Charles Mustel of Paris invents the celesta | | DL : | English Lawn Tennis Association founded | | PH : | First Indian National Congress meets | | RP : | Fluorine produced | | ST : | Germanium discovered | | PH : | Gladstone introduces bill for Home Rule in Ireland | | ST : | Hydroelectric installations are begun at Niagara Falls | | PH : | King Louis II of Bavaria dies; succeeded by Otto I; his uncle Luitpold becomes regent | | ED : | Pasteur Institute, Paris, founded | | RP : | Richard von Krafft-Ebing: Psychopathia Sexualis | | ST : | Steam first used to sterilise surgical instruments | | VA : | Last Impressionist Exhibition | | LT : | Emily Dickinson dies 15 May | | M : | Franz Liszt dies 31 July | | LT : | Joyce Kilmer born 6 December |
|
| | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Woodlanders | | VA : | Alexandre Cabanel : Cleopatra Testing Poisons
on Condemned Prisoners | | VA : | Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : The Depths | | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Ruddigore
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Spanish Capriccio
| | M : | Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.8
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song, Claire de lune
('Moonlight')
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Pavane
for orchestra (and optional chorus)
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Piano Quintet
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Florida Suite
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Opera, Le Roi malgré lui
('The Reluctant King')
| | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Opera, Prince Igor
(completed by Korsakov and Glazunov)
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Rapsodia espańola
for piano and orchestra (later arranged for piano)
| | M : | Johannes Brahms :
Double Concerto for violin and cello
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : The Women of Amphissa | | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Cantata, Blest Pair of Sirens
| | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Merriamne Leaving the
Judgement Seat of Herod | | LT : | Antoine founds the Théâtre Libre in Paris | | DL : | Edison and Swan combine to produce Ediswan electrical lamps | | PH : | First Colonial Conference opens in London | | VA : | H.W. Goodwin invents celluloid film | | LT : | I. Donnelly: The Great Cryptogram, Francis Bacon's Cypher in the So-called Shakespeare Play | | ST : | Joseph Lockyer: The Chemistry of the Sun | | ST : | Phenacetin, an analgesic drug, discovered | | PH : | Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg elected King of Bulgaria | | DL : | Queen Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee | | PH : | Union Indo-Chinoise organised by France | | M : | Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin dies 27 February | | VA : | Juan Gris born | | VA : | Marc Chagall born 7 July | | VA : | Marcel Duchamp born | | LT : | Rupert Brooke born 3 August | | M : | Christoph Willibald Gluck dies 15 November | | LT : | Marianne Moore born 15 November | | VA : | Georgia O'Keeffe born | | M : | Ernst Toch born 7 December |
|
| | | LT : | Walt Whitman: November Boughs | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Wessex Tales | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture fantasy, Hamlet
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.5
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Yeoman of the Guard
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Don Juan
| | M : | Erik Satie : Trois gymnopédies,
for piano
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Russian Easter Festival Overture
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Symphonic Suite, Scheherazade
| | M : | Pietro Mascagni : Opera, Cavalleria rusticana
('Rustic Chivalry')
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Salut d'amour
| | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier : Marche Joyeuse
for orchestra
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, Semper fidelis
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : The Roses of Heliogabalus | | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin : The Vision after the Sermon | | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton : The Call to Arms | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh : Night Cafe | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh : Sunflowers | | VA : | John William Waterhouse : The Lady of Shalott | | DL : | "Jack the Ripper" murders six women in London | | DL : | The Financial Times, London, first published | | RP : | Bernard Bosanquet: Logic, or the Morphology of Knowledge | | DL : | Cecil Rhodes amalgamates Kimberley diamond companies | | DL : | Dunlop invents pneumatic tire | | VA : | Eastman perfects "Kodak" box camera | | DL : | First of all beauty contests held in Spa, Belgium | | RP : | G.J. Romanes: Mental Evolution in Man | | PH : | Ger. Emperor William I dies in May; succeeded by his son Frederick III, who dies in June and is succeeded by his son William II, the "Kaiser" | | ED : | James Bryce: The American Commonwealth | | RP : | James Martineau: The Study of Religion | | ST : | Nikola Tesla constructs electric motor | | ST : | Radio waves are identified as belonging to same family as light waves | | LT : | Mathew Arnold dies 15 April | | LT : | T S Eliot born 26 September |
|
| | | VA : | Alexandre Cabanel dies |
|
| | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems |
|
| | | LT : | Robert Browning: Asolando | | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Esclarmonde
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Ballet, The Sleeping Beauty
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Gondoliers
| | M : | Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Emperor
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Death and Transfiguration
| | M : | Charles-François Gounod : Méditation sur le prélude de Bach
for soprano and instrumental accompaniment (popularly known as the 'Ave Maria')
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Orchestral suite, Shylock
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.8
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Petite suite
(including 'En bateau')
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, The Washington Post March
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, The Thunderer
| | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin : The Yellow Christ | | VA : | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec : Toilette | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh : Self-Portrait
with Bandaged Head | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh : The Starry Night | | VA : | Alexander Gustave Eiffel designs the Eiffel Tower for the Paris World Exhibition | | DL : | Barnum and Bailey's Circus at Olympia, London | | PH : | Benjamin Harrison inaugurated as 23rd President of the U.S. GO ! | | ED : | Catholic University, Washington D.C., opens | | ST : | Cordite invented | | RP : | Henri Bergson: Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience | | PH : | Johannes IV, Emperor of Abyssinia dies; succeeded by Menelik II | | PH : | London County Council formed | | DL : | London Dock Strike | | PH : | Milan Obrenovich abdicates from Serbian throne in favour of his son | | PH : | Pedro II abdicates; Brazil proclaimed a republic | | DL : | Punch card system created | | ST : | Schiaparelli discovers synchronous rotations of planets Mercury and Venus | | RP : | T.H. Huxley: Agnosticism | | PH : | The Aust. Crown Prince, Archduke Rudolf, commits suicide at his hunting lodge at Mayerling | | DL : | The first May Day celebration, Paris | | ST : | Von Mehring and Minkowski prove that the pancreas secretes insulin, preventing diabetes | | LT : | Gerard Manley Hopkins dies 8 June | | LT : | Robert Browning dies 12 December |
|
| | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : The Card Players | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : Still Life with Basket of Apples | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Opera, The Queen of Spades
| | M : | Erik Satie : Trois gnossiennes,
for piano
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, Mlada
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Concert overture
'Froissart'
| | M : | Claude Debussy :
Ręverie, for piano
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Suite bergamasque
for piano (including 'Clair de lune')
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Piano Suite, Espańa
| | VA : | Jean Léon Gérôme : Pygmalian and Galatea | | VA : | Lord Frederic Leighton : The Bath of Psyche | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh : Crows in the Wheatfields | | PH : | Accession of Queen Wilhelmina; Luxembourg separated from the Netherlands | | RP : | Alfred Marshall: Principles of Economics | | ST : | Azoimide produced from organic sources | | PH : | Cecil Rhodes- Premier of Cape Colony | | DL : | Daughters of the American Revolution founded | | ST : | Emil von Behring announces the discovery of antitoxins | | ST : | First Eng. electrical power station, Deptford | | PH : | First general election in Japan | | PH : | Ger. Social Democrats adopt Marxist program at Erfurt Congress | | DL : | Global influenza epidemics ("Russian Flu") | | RP : | J.G. Frazer: The Golden Bough | | ST : | Rubber gloves used for the first time in surgery | | DL : | Swiss government introduces social insurance | | ST : | The first entirely steel -framed building erected in Chicago | | RP : | William Booth: In the Darkest England and the Way Out | | RP : | William James: The Principles of Psychology | | VA : | Vincent van Gogh dies 29 July |
|
| | | LT : | Walt Whitman: Goodbye My Fancy | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: A Group of Noble Dames and Tess of the d'Urbervilles | | M : | Charles Ives : Variations
on America (organ)
| | VA : | Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Star of Bethlehem | | M : | Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.3
| | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Work Interrupted | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Opera, Yolanta
| | M : | Arthur Sullivan : 'Romantic Opera', Ivanhoe
| | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns : Africa
fantasy for piano and orchestra
| | M : | Pietro Mascagni : Opera, L'amico Fritz
('Friend Fritz')
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Overture, Carnival
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák :
Dumky Piano Trio
| | M : | Johannes Brahms :
Clarinet Quintet
| | M : | Clara Wieck Schumann :
Cadenzas for Mozart: Piano Concerto in D Minor
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : The Kiss | | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin : We hail the Mary | | VA : | Lord Frederic Leighton : The Return of Persephone | | RP : | Rerum novarum, papal encyclical on the condition of the working classes | | DL : | All-Deutschland Verband founded | | ST : | Beginnings of wireless telegraphy | | DL : | Earthquake in Japan kills as many as 10,000 people | | PH : | Franco-Russ. entente | | RP : | Goldwin Smith: The Canadian Question | | ED : | In Java Dutch anthropologist Eugčne Dubois discovers Pithecanthropus erectus (Java Man) | | LT : | J.T. Grein founds Independent Theatre Society, London | | RP : | R.W. Church: History of the Oxford Movement (posth.) | | ST : | Samuel P. Langley: Experiments in Aerodynamics | | ST : | Trans-Siberian railroad construction begins | | PH : | Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria, Italy - renewed for 12 years | | DL : | W.L. Judson invents clothing zipper | | DL : | Widespread famine in Russia | | PH : | Young Turk Movement, hoping to secure liberal reforms, is formed in Geneva | | M : | Léo Delibes dies 16 January | | VA : | Ernest Meissonier dies 31 January | | VA : | Georges Seurat dies 29 March | | M : | Sergei Prokofiev born 23 April |
|
| | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Pursuit of the Well-Beloved | | M : | Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Falstaff
| | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Ballet, The Nutcracker
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphonic Poem, En Saga
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Piano Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Morceaux de Fantasie
for piano (including Prelude in C-sharp Minor)
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Serenade
for Strings
| | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin : Spirit of the Dead Watching | | VA : | John William Godward : The Betrothed | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Melancholy | | ST : | Diesel patents his internal-combustion engine | | RP : | Emile Fagguet: Politiques et moralistes du six-neuvičme sičcle | | ST : | First automatic telephone switchboard introduced | | DL : | First cans of pineapples | | PH : | Giolitti becomes Premier of Italy | | PH : | Grover Cleveland elected U.S. President GO ! | | DL : | Iron and steel workers strike in U.S. | | PH : | Prince Ito becomes premier of Japan | | PH : | Tewfik, Khedive of Egypt, dies; succeeded by Abbas II | | ST : | Viscose discovered (manufacture of rayon) | | M : | Arthur Honegger born 10 March | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish born 7 May | | M : | Darius Milhaud born 4 September | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson dies 6 October |
|
| | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Celtic Twilight | | VA : | Mary Cassatt : The Bath | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.6, 'Pathétique'
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Karelia Suite
| | M : | Erik Satie : Danses gothiques,
for piano
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Manon Lescaut
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song-cycle, La Bonne Chanson
('The Good Song')
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : String Quartet
'American'
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.9 'From the New World'
| | M : | Claude Debussy : String Quartet
in G-Minor
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, Manhattan Beach
| | VA : | Edvard Munch : Death in the Sick-Room | | VA : | Edvard Munch : The Scream | | VA : | "Art Nouveau" appears in Europe | | RP : | F.H. Bradley: Appearance and Reality | | PH : | Franco-Russ. alliance signed | | DL : | Henry Ford builds his first car | | ED : | Imperial Institute, South Kensington, London, founded | | DL : | Karl Benz constructs his four-wheel car | | PH : | Second Irish Home Rule bill passed by Commons but rejected by Lords | | RP : | W.T. Stead: If Christ Came to Chicago | | DL : | World Exhibition in Chicago | | M : | Charles-François Gounod dies 18 October | | M : | Pyotr Tchaikovsky dies 6 November |
|
| | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Life's Little Ironies | | M : | Charles Ives : 67th Psalm
| | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Thaďs
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.2 'Resurrection'
| | M : | Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.9 (Finale unfinished at his death)
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Prélude ŕ l'aprčs-midi d'un faune
for orchestra
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : Spring | | VA : | Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee : The Magic Crystal | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Ashes | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Despair | | ST : | Argon discovered | | DL : | Baron de Boubertin founds committee to organise modern Olympic Games | | RP : | Benjamin Kidd: Social Revolution | | ST : | Berliner uses a horizontal gramophone disc instead of a cylinder as a record for sound reproduction | | ST : | Cinematograph invented | | PH : | Czar Alexander III dies; succeeded by his son Nicholas II | | DL : | Death duties introduced in Britain | | DL : | Edison opens his Kinetoscope Parlor, New York | | ST : | Flagstaff Observatory erected, Arizona, U.S. | | PH : | Korea and Japan declare war on China | | DL : | New York Jockey Club founded | | ED : | Pollock and Maitland: History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I | | ED : | Sidney and Beatrice Webb: History of Trade Unionism | | ST : | Swed. explorer Sven Hedin travels in Tibet | | ST : | The Plague bacillus discovered | | VA : | Norman Rockwell born | | M : | Hans von Bülow dies 12 February | | VA : | Gustave Caillebotte dies 21 February | | M : | Emmanuel Chabrier dies 13 September | | LT : | ee cummings born 14 October | | M : | Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein dies 20 November | | LT : | Christina Rossetti dies 29 December |
|
| | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : Still Life with Apples | | PH : | American pressure leads to arbitration of the British boundary dispute with Venezuela | | PH : | A revolt against Spanish rule breaks out in Cuba | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: Poems | | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : The Abduction of Psyche | | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Til Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Four Lemminkäinen Legends
including The Swan of Tuonela
| | M : | Erik Satie : Messe des pauvres,
a Latin Mass with psalms, for voices and organ or piano
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, Christmas Eve
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Cello Concerto
| | VA : | Lord Frederic Leighton : Flaming June | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Madonna | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Puberty | | VA : | Edvard Munch : Self-Portrait with a Burning Cigarette | | VA : | Gustav Klimt : Love | | ST : | Auguste and Louis Lumičre invent a motion-picture camera | | RP : | Cardinal Vaughan lays foundation stone of Westminster Cathedral | | PH : | End of Chin.-Jap war | | DL : | First public film show in Paris, at the Hôtel Scribe | | RP : | Karl Marx: Das Kapital, vol. 3 (posth.) | | DL : | King C. Gillette invents the safety razor | | ST : | Konstantin Isiolkovski formulates the principle of rocket reaction propulsion | | ED : | London School of Economics and Political Science founded | | ST : | Machine constructed for the liquefaction of air | | ST : | Marconi invents radio telegraphy | | LT : | Oscar Wilde's unsuccessful libel action against the Marquis of Queensberry | | M : | Robert Newman arranges the first Promenade Concerts at Queen's Hall, London | | RP : | Sigmund Freud: Studien über Hysterie | | RP : | Thomas Masaryk: The Czech Question | | ST : | Wilhelm Röntgen discovers x-rays | | VA : | Berthe Morisot dies 2 March | | M : | Franz von Suppé dies 21 May | | M : | Carl Orff born 10 July | | LT : | Robert Graves born 24 July | | M : | Paul Hindemith born 16 November |
|
| | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: The Torrent and the Night Before | | LT : | A E Housman: A Shropshire Lad | | M : | Charles Ives : String Quartet, No.1 "Revival Service"
| | VA : | Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Hope | | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Also sprach Zarathustra
('Thus Spake Zoroaster')
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, La Bohčme
('Bohemian Life')
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.3
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Opera, Koanga
(including 'La Calinda')
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Opera, Pepita Jiménez
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : Comic Opera, El capitan
| | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Hylas and the Nymphs | | DL : | Daily Mail issued | | VA : | Die Jugend and Simplicissimus, two important Ger. art magazines, appear in Munich | | DL : | Beginning of Klondike gold rush | | ST : | Ernest Rutherford: magnetic detection of electrical waves | | DL : | First modern Olympics held in Athens | | RP : | Five annual Nobel Prizes established | | PH : | Further massacres of Armenians in Constantinople | | ST : | Helium discovered | | RP : | Henri Bergson: Matičre et mémoire | | PH : | Nasr-ed-Din, Shah of Persia, assassinated | | VA : | National Portrait Gallery, London, moved from Bethnal Green to Westminster | | ST : | Niagara Falls hydroelectric plant opens | | ST : | Radioactivity discovered | | DL : | Royal Victorian Order founded | | PH : | Russia and China sign Manchuria Convention | | RP : | Theodor Herzl: Der Judenstaat, foundation of Zionism | | VA : | Lord Frederic Leighton dies 25 January | | M : | Clara Wieck Schumann dies 20 May | | VA : | Sir John Everett Millais dies 13 August | | VA : | William Morris dies 3 October | | M : | Anton Bruckner dies 11 October | | M : | Virgil Garnett Thomson born 25 November | | VA : | David Alfaro Siqueiros born |
|
| | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: The Children of the Night | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Well-Beloved | | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Don Quixote
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Edvard Grieg : Lyric Pieces
Book 9
| | M : | Edvard Grieg : Symphonic Dances
for orchestra
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Dolly Suite
for piano duet (later orchestrated)
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, The Stars and Stripes Forever
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : Her eyes are with her thoughts... | | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin : Where do we come from? | | DL : | Katzenjammer Kids, first Amer. comic strip, begun | | PH : | Crete proclaims union with Greece; Turkey declares war on Greece; Peace of Constantinople | | DL : | Founding of Royal Automobile Club, London | | RP : | Havelock Ellis: Studies in the Psychology of Sex | | ST : | J.J. Thomson discovers electron | | ST : | Julius Hann: Handbook of Climatology | | PH : | King of Korea proclaims himself emperor | | DL : | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee | | ST : | Ronal Ross discovers malaria bacillus | | DL : | Severe famine in India | | RP : | Sidney and Beatrice Webb: Industrial Democracy | | VA : | Sir Henry Tate donates Tate Gallery, London, to the Brit. people | | DL : | The Sultan of Zanzibar abolishes slavery | | PH : | William McKinley inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO ! | | DL : | World Exhibition at Brussels | | RP : | Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland | | M : | Johannes Brahms dies 3 April |
|
| | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Wessex Poems | | M : | Charles Ives : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonic Poem, Ein Heldenleben
('A Hero's Life')
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Tsar's Bride
| | M : | Pietro Mascagni : Opera, Iris
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : Comic Opera, The Bride Elect
| | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Ariadne | | VA : | Gustav Klimt : Pallas Athene
| | PH : | "The Boxers", an anti-foreign, anti-Western organisation formed in China | | RP : | Bismarck: Reflections and Memoirs | | ST : | Dysentery bacillus discovered | | PH : | Empress Elizabeth of Austria murdered by Ital. anarchist in Geneva | | ST : | Ger. Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin builds his airship | | DL : | Paris Métro opened | | PH : | Paul Kruger re-elected President of Transvaal | | ST : | Photographs first taken utilising artificial light | | ST : | Radium and polonium discovered | | ST : | Ramsay discovered the inert atmospheric gases zenon, crypton, and neon | | VA : | The Mackintosh School of Art in Glasgow | | PH : | U.S. declares war on Spain over Cuba; Treaty of Paris GO ! | | LT : | Lewis Carroll dies 14 January | | VA : | Aubrey Beardsley dies | | LT : | Walt Whitman dies 26 March | | M : | Ernst Bacon born 26 May | | VA : | Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones dies 17 June | | VA : | Maurits Cornelis Escher born | | M : | George Gershwin born 26 September | | VA : | René Magritte born |
|
| | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Wind Among the Reeds | | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Cendrillon
('Cinderella')
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Finlandia
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Verklärte Nacht
('Transfigured Night'), for string sextet (arranged later for string orchestra)
| | M : | Erik Satie : Ballet, Jack-in-the-box
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Pavane pour une infante défunte
for piano (later orchestrated)
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Enigma Variations, Sea Pictures
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Paris: the Song of a Great City
nocturne for orchestra
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Nocturnes
for orchestra
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Catalonia, suite populaire
for orchestra
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : March, Hands across the Sea
| | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : The Baths of Caraculla | | VA : | Edvard Munch : The Dance of Life | | VA : | Edvard Munch : The Dead Mother | | RP : | Alexander Bain: The Realisation of the Possible | | ST : | Alpha and beta rays discovered in radioactive atoms | | PH : | Boer War between Britain and the Boers | | RP : | Ernst Haeckel: Die Welträtsel | | PH : | First Peace Conference at The Hague | | ST : | First magnetic recording of sound | | RP : | H.S. Chamberlain: The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century | | RP : | James Ward: Naturalism and Agnosticism | | RP : | John Dewey: School and Society | | PH : | London borough councils established | | RP : | Pope Leo XIII's bull Testem Benevolentiae condemns the "Americanism" of Isaac Thomas Hecker | | M : | Francis Poulenc born 7 January | | VA : | Alfred Sisley dies 29 January | | M : | Johann Strauss II dies 3 June |
|
| | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : Chateau Noir | | PH : | The Foraker Act establishes a government for Puerto Rico | | PH : | Boxer risings in China against Europeans | | PH : | Commonwealth of Australia created | | DL : | First Nobel Prizes awarded | | ED : | Sigmund Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams | | DL : | World Exhibition in Paris | | VA : | Wallace Collection, London, opens | | VA : | Gaugin : Noa Noa, report on his travels through Tahiti | | ST : | F.E. Dorn discovers radon | | ST : | Arthur Evan's excavations in Crete | | RP : | Shintoism reinstated in Japan against Buddhist influence | | RP : | Bertrand Russell : A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : Mont Sainte-Victoire
above the Tholonet Road | | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Legend of Tsar Saltan
(including 'The Flight of the Bumblebee' and 'The Tsar's Departure and Farewell')
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Tosca
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.4
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Requiem Mass
(final version)
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Oratorio
'The Dream of Gerontius'
| | M : | Antonin Dvorák : Opera, Rusalka
| | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton : Godspeed | | PH : | King Umberto I, king of Italy, assassinated; succeeded by his son, Victor Emmanuel III | | VA : | Fauvist movement in painting begins, led by Henri Matisse | | ST : | Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory | | M : | Aaron Copland born 14 November | | M : | Arthur Sullivan dies 22 November |
|
| | | ST : | First Trans-Atlantic radio signal | | PH : | Queen Victoria dies, succeeded by her son, Edward VII | | PH : | U.S. President McKinley assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt sworn in as successor GO ! | | PH : | Queen Victoria dies, succeeded by Edward (VII) | | PH : | Peace of Peking ends Boxer uprising | | RP : | Rudolf Steiner founds anthroposophy | | VA : | Picasso's blue period | | VA : | The Siegesallee in Berlin : 32 marble statues of members of the House of Hohenzollern | | M : | Ragtime jazz develops in the U.S. | | ST : | Marconi transmits telegraphic radio messages from Cornwall to Newfoundland | | M : | Charles Ives : Three Harvest Home Chorales
| | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Le Jongleur de Notre Dame
('The Juggler of Notre Dame')
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Jeux d'eau
('Fountains'), for piano
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Piano Concerto
No.2
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Pomp and Circumstance
March No.1 ('Land of Hope and Glory')
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Concert overture
'Cockaigne'
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Opera, A Village Romeo and Juliet
('Walk to the Paradise Garden' added later)
| | VA : | John William Godward : The Tease | | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton : Accolade | | VA : | Gustav Klimt : Judith I
| | M : | Giuseppe Verdi dies 27 January | | VA : | Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec dies 9 September | | M : | Joaquín Rodrigo born 22 November |
|
| | | VA : | Paul Cézanne : Still Life with Apples,
a Bottle, and a Milk Pot | | PH : | Boer War ends | | DL : | The Teddy Bear is introduced | | PH : | Anglo-Japanese treaty recognises the independence of China and Korea | | PH : | Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria, and Italy renewed for another six years | | RP : | William James The Varieties of Religious Experience | | RP : | Benedetto Croce : Philosophy of the Spirit | | M : | Enrico Caruso makes his first phonograph recording | | DL : | King Edward VII establishes Order of Merit | | DL : | Martinique volcanic fire destroys the town of St. Pierre | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Captain Craig | | LT : | John Masefield: Salt-Water Ballads | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Songs of Childhood | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Poems of the Past and Present | | M : | Charles Ives : Symphony
No.2
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.2
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Des Knaben Wunderhorn
completed
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.5
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Concert waltz, Gold und Silber
('Gold and Silver')
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Appalachia
for voices and orchestra
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Opera, Pelléas et Mélisande
| | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton : Triston and Isolde | | VA : | Gustav Klimt : Portrait of Emilie Floge
| | M : | William Turner Walton born 29 March |
|
| | | ST : | First flight at Kitty Hawk | | VA : | First silent movie, The Great Train Robbery | | PH : | Entente Cordiale established | | PH : | King Alexander I of Serbia and Queen Draga murdered ;
Peter Karageorgevich accedes to the throne as Peter I | | PH : | Coronation durbar for Edward Vi, King-emperor, at Delhi | | RP : | G.E. Moore : Principia Ethica | | RP : | Cardinal Guiseppe Sarto installed - Pope Pius X | | M : | Oscar Hammerstein builds the Manhattan Opera House, New York | | M : | First recording of an opera : Verdi's Ernani | | ED : | Universities of Liverpool and Manchester founded | | ST : | Electrocardiograph invented | | VA : | Deutsches Museum, Munich, opens | | DL : | First Tour de France | | DL : | Ford Motor Company founded | | LT : | Thomas Traherne: Poems published | | M : | Manuel de Falla : Piano Pieces, Allegro de concierto
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Symphonia Domestica
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Incidental music
to the play Kuolema ('Death')
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Violin Concerto
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Symphonic Poem, Pelleas und Melisande
| | M : | Erik Satie : (Trois) morceaux en forme de poire
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Shéhérazade
for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Ten Piano Preludes
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, Jenűfa
(later revised)
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Estampes
('Engravings'), for piano (including 'Jardins sous la pluie')
| | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Windflowers | | VA : | Eugčne Henri Paul Gauguin dies 9 May | | VA : | Camille Pissarro dies 13 November |
|
| | | PH : | Russo-Japanese War begins | | PH : | Theodore Roosevelt elected president GO ! | | PH : | Hereros and Hottentots revolt in German South-west Africa | | LT : | Abbey Theatre, Dublin, founded | | RP : | Church and state separated in France | | ED : | Freud : The Psychopathology of Everyday Life | | RP : | Max Weber : The Protestant Ethic and the Birth of Capitalism | | M : | First radio transmission of music at Graz, Austria | | M : | London Symphony Orchestra gives its first concert | | ST : | First telegraphic transmission of photographs - Munich to Nuremburg | | DL : | Ten-hour work day established in France | | DL : | Carl Lindstrom Company founded in Berlin for the production
of phonographs and phonograph records | | VA : | Anthony Frederick Sandys dies | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Henry Brocken | | M : | Charles Ives : Thanksgiving
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Madame Butterfly
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Kindertotenlieder
('Songs of the Death of Children')
| | M : | Edvard Grieg : Lyric Suite
for orchestra
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Overture
'In the South'
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Sea Drift
for baritone and orchestra
| | VA : | John William Godward : Dolce Far Niente | | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Psyche Entering Cupid's Garden | | PH : | Entente Cordiale: Britain and France settle their international differences | | ST : | General theory of radioactivity by Rutherford and Soddy | | DL : | New York City subway opens | | VA : | Jean Léon Gérôme dies 10 January | | M : | Antonin Dvorák dies 1 May | | VA : | Salvador Dali born |
|
| | | PH : | "Bloody Sunday" - Russian Revolution of 1905 | | ST : | Einstein proposes his theory of relativity | | PH : | Norwegian parliament decides on separation from Sweden;
Prince Charles of Denmark elected King Haakon VII of Norway | | PH : | Sinn Fein Party founded in Dublin | | DL : | William Haywood and others found the International Workers of the World (Wobblies) | | LT : | Police censure closes Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession after one performance | | RP : | George Santayana : The Life of Reason | | VA : | Picasso begins his "Pink Period" | | DL : | First motor buses in London | | DL : | First neon lights appear | | M : | Manuel de Falla : Opera, La Vida Breve
('The Short Life')
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Opera, Salome
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Incidental music
to the play Pelléas et Mélisande
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh
| | M : | Maurice Ravel :
Introduction and Allegro for flute, clarinet, harp, and string quartet
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphonies
No.6 and No.7
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Operetta, Die lustige Witwe
('The Merry Widow')
| | M : | Edward Elgar :
Introduction and Allegro for Strings
| | M : | Frederick Delius : A Mass of Life
for soloists, chorus and orchestra
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Images, Book I
for piano
| | M : | Claude Debussy : La mer
('The sea'), for orchestra
| | M : | Franz Strauss dies 31 May | | VA : | Sir Adolph William Bouguereau dies 19 August |
|
| | | DL : | Finland is the first European country to give women the right to vote | | M : | The English Hymnal, edited by Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams | | RP : | Franz X. Wernz, the Jesuit general, reforms the order's plan for studies | | RP : | Albert Schweitzer : The Quest of the Historical Jesus | | M : | Mozart Festival in Salzburg | | ST : | The term "allergy" introduced to medicine | | DL : | Simplon Tunnel between Italy and Switzerland opens | | M : | Anton von Webern : Rondo
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphonic fantasy, Pohjola's Daughter
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Symphonic Poem, Summer Evening
(later revised)
| | M : | John Phillip Sousa : Comic Opera, The Free Lance
| | DL : | San Francisco earthquake and three-day fire; more than 500 dead | | ST : | Roald Amundsen, Norwegian explorer, fixes magnetic North Pole | | M : | Dmitry Shostakovich born 25 September | | VA : | Paul Cézanne dies 22 October |
|
| | | PH : | Ten Rules of War established at the second Hague Peace Conference | | VA : | Picasso introduces Cubism | | DL : | Typhoid Mary captured for the first time | | DL : | First completely synthetic man-made substance (plastic) | | PH : | English and French agree on Siamese independence | | RP : | Henri Bergson : L'Evolution créatrice | | RP : | William James : Pragmatism | | RP : | Alfred Adler : Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Psychical Compensation | | RP : | United methodist Church established in Britain | | RP : | Papal encyclical Pascendi gregis condemns modernism | | VA : | First Cubist exhibition in Paris | | DL : | Boy Scouts founded | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Sonnets to Duse, and Other Poems | | VA : | Frank Cadogan Cowper : Vanity | | M : | Anton von Webern : Quintet
for strings and piano
| | M : | Charles Ives : Central Park in the Dark
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.3
| | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Golden Cockerel
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphony
No.2
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.8 'Symphony of a Thousand'
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Brigg Fair: An English Rhapsody
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Images, Book II
for piano
| | VA : | Gustav Klimt : Danae
| | VA : | Gustav Klimt : The Kiss | | LT : | Wystan Hugh Auden born 21 February | | M : | Edvard Grieg dies 4 September |
|
| | | DL : | Ford introduces the Model-T | | PH : | Three year-old Pu Yi becomes Emperor of China | | PH : | Turks revolt in the Ottoman Empire | | PH : | King Carlos I of Portugal and the crown prince both assassinated; Manuel II becomes king | | PH : | Leopold II transfers the Congo to Belgium | | PH : | Ferdinand I of Bulgaria assumes the title czar and declares his country's independence | | PH : | Crete proclaims union with Greece | | PH : | Union of South Africa established | | VA : | "Ashcan School" established by Robert Henri, John Sloan, George Luks, George Bellows, Everett Shinn | | VA : | Matisse coins the term "Cubism" | | DL : | London hosts the Olympic Games | | ED : | Cairo University opened | | DL : | First Model T produced | | LT : | Thomas Traherne: Centuries of Meditations | | LT : | John Masefield: Captain Margaret | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: the last of three parts of The Dynasts published | | M : | Anton von Webern :
Passacaglia for Orchestra
| | M : | Charles Ives : The Unanswered Question
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Ballet, Der Geburtstag der Infantin
('The Infant's Birthday')
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Rapsodie espagnole
for orchestra
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Gaspard de la nuit
('Phantoms of the Night'), for piano
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Along an Overgrown Path
15 pieces for piano
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Opera, Savitri
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Symphony
No.1 (Adagio)
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Rhapsody, In a Summer Garden
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Children's Corner
for piano (including 'Jimbo's Lullaby' and 'Golliwogg's Cake-walk')
| | M : | Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.1
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Opera, The Nightingale
| | DL : | Earthquake kills 150,000 in southern Italy and Sicily | | LT : | Theodore Roethke born 25 May | | M : | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov dies 21 June | | M : | Olivier Messiaen born 10 December | | M : | Elliott Cook Carter born 11 December |
|
| | | PH : | Japan's Prince Ito is assassinated | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: The Town down the River | | LT : | John Masefield: Multitude and Solitude and The Tragedy of Nan | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Time's Laughingstocks | | M : | Anton von Webern :
Five movements for String Quartet
| | M : | Anton von Webern :
Six Pieces for Large Orchestra
| | M : | Charles Ives : Piano Sonata
No.1
| | M : | Charles Ives : Washington's Birthday
| | M : | Jules Massenet : Opera, Don Quichotte
('Don Quixote')
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.1, 'A Sea Symphony'
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Song-cycle, On Wenlock Edge
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Opera, Elektra
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Erwartung
('Expectation'), for soprano and orchestra
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Five Orchestral Pieces
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphonic Poem, Isle of the Dead
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Piano Concerto
No.3
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.9
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Song-symphony
Das Lied von der Erde
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Operetta, Der Graf von Luxemburg
('The Count of Luxemburg')
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Suite
No.1, for military band
| | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz : Suite Iberia
for piano
| | ST : | North Pole reportedly reached by American explorers Robert E. Peary and Matthew Henson | | M : | Isaac Manuel Francisco Albéniz dies 18 May | | VA : | Francis Bacon born |
|
| | | ST : | Halley's comet makes an appearance | | LT : | John Masefield: The Tragedy of Pompey the Great | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: The Return and The Three Mulla Mulgars | | M : | Anton von Webern :
Four Pieces for violin and piano
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis
for strings
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Ma mčre l'oye
('Mother Goose'), for two pianos (later orchestrated)
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom
for choir
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Thirteen Piano Preludes
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, La fanciulla del West
('The Girl of the Golden West')
| | M : | Gustav Mahler : Symphony
No.10, unfinished
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Operetta, Zigeunerliebe
('Gypsy Love')
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Hymns from the Rig Veda
for chorus and orchestra (one of several sets)
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Violin Concerto
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Opera, Fennimore and Gerda
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Préludes, Book I
for piano (including 'Viole')
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, The Firebird
| | M : | Samuel Barber born 9 March | | M : | Frank Loesser born 29 June | | VA : | Henri Rousseau dies in Paris | | VA : | William Holman Hunt dies 7 September | | VA : | Winslow Homer dies |
|
| | | PH : | The Chinese Revolution | | ST : | Structure of an atom discovered
| | DL : | Greenwich Mean Time adopted | | VA : | Mona Lisa is stolen | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Helen of Troy, and Other Poems | | LT : | John Masefield: The Everlasting Mercy | | LT : | Rupert Brooke: Poems | | M : | Charles Ives : String Quartet
No.2
| | M : | Charles Ives : Symphony
No.3
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Opera, Der Rosenkavalier
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.4
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Gurrelieder
('Songs of Gurra'), for voices and orchestra
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Études-tableux Opus 33
for piano
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Suite
No.2, for military band
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Symphony
No.2
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Summer Night on the River
for small orchestra
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Song of the High Hills
for chorus and orchestra
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Allegro barbaro
for piano
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Petrushka
| | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton : Stiching the Standard | | DL : | Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York; 146 killed | | PH : | Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz, president since 1877, replaced by Francisco Madero | | ST : | First use of aircraft as offensive weapon in Turkish-Italian War | | PH : | Chinese Republic proclaimed after revolution overthrows Manchu dynasty; Sun Yat-sen named president | | ST : | Amundsen reaches South Pole | | PH : | Italy defeats Turks and annexes Tripoli and Libya | | M : | Irving Berlin's Alexander's Ragtime Band | | M : | Gustav Mahler dies 18 May | | VA : | Edwin Austin Abbey | | VA : | Howard Pyle dies |
|
| | | DL : | Oreo cookies first introduced | | DL : | The Titanic sinks | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: The Listeners and Other Poems | | VA : | Marc Chagall : Adam and Eve | | M : | Franz Schreker : Opera, Der ferne Klang
('The Distant Sound')
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Song-cycle, Pierrot lunaire
('Moonstruck Pierrot')
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Ballet, Daphnis and Chloë
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Fourteen Songs
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Leo Janácek : In the Mists
for piano
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Oriental Suite, Beni Mora
| | M : | Frederick Delius : On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring
for small orchestra
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Images
for orchestra (including 'Gigue')
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Seven Choral Preludes for Organ
Set I
| | VA : | Frederick Maxfield Parrish : Sleeping Beauty | | PH : | Balkan Wars begin | | VA : | Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema dies 25 June | | M : | Jules Massenet dies 13 August | | M : | John Cage born 5 September |
|
| | | DL : | First crossword puzzle | | DL : | Personal income tax introduced in U.S. | | LT : | John Masefield: Dauber | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Peacock Pie: A Book of Rhymes | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: A Changed Man | | LT : | Robert Frost: A Boy's Will | | M : | Anton von Webern :
Five Pieces for Orchestra
| | M : | Anton von Webern :
Six Bagatelles for String Quartet
| | M : | Charles Ives : Fourth of July
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.2, 'A London Symphony'
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Opera, Das Spielwerk und die Prinzessin
('The Music Box and the Princess')
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Die Glückliche Hand,
('The Lucky Hand'), drama for orchestra and chorus
| | M : | Erik Satie : Trois embryons desséchés
('Three dried-up embryos')
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Choral Symphony, The Bells
| | M : | Gustav Holst : St. Paul's Suite
for strings
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Opera, Pénélope
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Falstaff
(Symphonic Study)
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Préludes, Book II
for piano
| | M : | Claude Debussy : Ballet, Jeux
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, The Rite of Spring
| | PH : | Balkan Wars end with London peace treaty | | ST : | Henry Ford develops first moving assembly line | | PH : | Bill creating U.S. Federal Reserve System becomes law GO ! | | PH : | Woodrow Wilson becomes 28th U.S. president GO ! | | VA : | Armory Show introduces modern art to U.S.; Duchamp's Nude Descending a Staircase shocks public | | DL : | Suffragists demonstrate in London | | DL : | Garment workers strike in New York and Boston; win pay raise and shorter hours | | M : | Witold Lutoslawski born 25 January | | M : | Benjamin Britten born 22 November |
|
| | | PH : | World War I begins GO ! | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Van Zorn | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Satires of Circumstance | | LT : | Robert Frost: North of Boston | | M : | Anton von Webern :
Three Little Pieces for Violincello and Piano
| | M : | Charles Ives : Three Places in New England
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : A Lark Ascending
for violin and orchestra
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphonic Poem, The Oceanides
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Sinfonia drammatica
| | M : | Maurice Ravel :
Trio for piano, violin, cello
| | DL : | Panama Canal officially opened | | PH : | U.S. Marines occupy Veracruz, Mexico, intervening in civil war to protect American interests |
|
| | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Rivers to the Sea | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: The Porcupine | | LT : | Rupert Brooke: 1914 and Other Poems | | M : | Charles Ives : Piano Sonata
No.2 "Concord Mass. 1840-60"
| | M : | Manuel de Falla : Noches en los jardines de Espańa
('Nights in the Gardens of Spain')
| | M : | Manuel de Falla : Ballet, El Amor Brujo
('Love, the Magician')
| | M : | Richard Strauss : An Alpine Symphony
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.5
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Cello Sonata
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song-cycle, Le Jardin clos
('The Enclosed Garden')
| | M : | Claude Debussy : 12 Etudes
('Studies'), for piano
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : The Wanderer
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia
based on an old English tune When I Survey the Wondrous Cross
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia, O God, Our Help
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia, The Old Hundredth
| | PH : | Genocide of estimated 600,000 to 1 million Armenians by Turkish soldiers | | ST : | Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity | | VA : | D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation | | VA : | Walter Crane dies | | LT : | Rupert Brooke dies 23 April | | VA : | Arthur Hughes dies 23 December |
|
| | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: Reveries over Childhood and Youth | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: The Man against the Sky | | LT : | Robert Frost: Mountain Interval | | LT : | Rupert Brooke: Letters From America (posth.) | | M : | Charles Ives : Symphony
No.4
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg :
Second Chamber Symphony
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, The Fountains of Rome
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Orchestral suite, The Planets
| | M : | Frederick Delius : Violin Concerto
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Seven Choral Preludes for Organ
Set II
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Jerusalem
| | VA : | John William Waterhouse : I am Half Sick of Shadows | | VA : | John William Waterhouse : Miranda | | VA : | John William Waterhouse : A Tale from Decameron | | PH : | U.S. buys Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million | | PH : | President Wilson re-elected with he kept us out of war slogan. GO ! | | PH : | Easter Rebellion in Ireland put down by British troops | | ST : | Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic | | PH : | 24 April - Irish nationalists launch the Easter rebellion in Dublin, Republic declared and Patrick Pearse announced as first President | | M : | Milton Byron Babbitt born 10 May | | PH : | 22 November - Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary, dies; he is succeeded by Charles I |
|
| | | LT : | First Pulitzer Prizes awarded | | PH : | Russian Revolution | | PH : | U.S. enters World War I | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Wild Swans at Coole | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Love Songs | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Merlin | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Moments of Vision | | LT : | Robert Graves: Over the Brazier | | LT : | T S Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock | | M : | Erik Satie : Ballet, Parade
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Ancient Airs and Dances
first series
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, La rondine
('The Swallow')
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Symphony
No.1 'Classical'
| | M : | Francis Poulenc : Rapsodie nčgre
for baritone and instrumental ensemble
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, The Excursions of Mr. Broucek
| | M : | Gustav Holst : The Hymn of Jesus
for chorus and orchestra
| | M : | Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.2
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Ballet, The Wooden Prince
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Les Noces
('The Wedding'), for voices, percussion and four pianos
| | PH : | Balfour Declaration promises Jewish homeland in Palestine. | | RP : | Sigmund Freud's Introduction to Psychoanalysis | | VA : | John William Waterhouse dies 10 February |
|
| | | DL : | Daylight Saving
Time introduced | | PH : | Russian Czar Nicholas II and his family are killed | | LT : | Robert Graves: Fairies and Fusiliers | | M : | Franz Schreker : Opera, Die Gezeichneten
('The Stigma Bearers')
| | M : | Erik Satie : Socrate,
for voices and instruments
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Il trittico
('The Triptych'), three one-act operas
| | M : | Francis Poulenc : Trois mouvements perpétuels
for piano
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Orchestral rhapsody, Taras Bulba
| | M : | Edward Elgar : String Quartet
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Opera, Duke Bluebeard's Castle
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : The Soldier's Tale,
for speaker, chamber ensemble, dancers
| | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Elégie
| | DL : | Worldwide influenza epidemic strikes; by 1920, nearly 20 million will be dead ("Spanish Flu") | | PH : | Russian Civil War between Reds (Bolsheviks) and Whites (anti-Bolsheviks) | | PH : | German Kaiser abdicates (Nov.); hostilities cease on the Western Front | | VA : | Gustav Klimt dies 6 February | | M : | Claude Debussy dies 25 March | | LT : | Joyce Kilmer dies 30 July | | M : | Leonard Bernstein born 25 August | | M : | Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry dies 7 October |
|
| | | DL : | Prohibition begins in the U.S. | | LT : | John Masefield: Reynard the Fox | | M : | Manuel de Falla : Ballet, El sombrero de tres picos
('The Three-Cornered Hat')
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Ballet, La Boutique fantastique
('The Fantastic Toy Shop') - based on music by Rossini
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Opera, The Love for Three Oranges
| | M : | Francis Poulenc : Song-cycle, Le Bestiaire
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Symphonic Suite
'Protée'
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Ballet, Le Boeuf sur le toit
('The Ox on the Roof')
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Song-cycle, The Diary of One Who Disappeared
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Orchestral suite, Masques et Bergamasques
| | M : | Edward Elgar : Cello Concerto,
Piano Quintet
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Ballet, The Miraculous Mandarin
| | PH : | Third International (Comintern) establishes Soviet control over international Communist movements | | PH : | Versailles Treaty, incorporating Woodrow Wilson's draft Covenant of League of Nations, signed by Allies and Germany; rejected by U.S. Senate GO ! | | PH : | Mahatma Gandhi initiates satyagraha (truth force) campaigns, beginning his nonviolent resistance movement against British rule in India | | ST : | Alcock and Brown make first trans-Atlantic nonstop flight | | VA : | Pierre-Auguste Renoir dies 3 December |
|
| | | PH : | U.S. Dept. of Justice "red hunt" nets thousands of radicals; aliens deported | | ST : | First commercial radio broadcast aired | | LT : | Harlem Renaissance begins | | PH : | League of Nations established | | DL : | Women granted the right to vote in U.S. | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Flame and Shadow | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Lancelot | | LT : | T S Eliot: The Sacred Wood | | M : | Franz Schreker : Opera, Der Schatzgräber
('The Treasure Digger')
| | M : | Erik Satie : Musique d'ameublement
('Furniture music')
| | M : | Erik Satie : Trois petites pičces montées
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Symphonies
of Wind Instruments
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Pulcinella
| | PH : | Treaty of Sčvres dissolves Ottoman Empire | | PH : | Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Finland, Luxembourg are admitted to the League of Nations | | LT : | Howard Nemerov born 1 March | | M : | Max Christian Friedrich Bruch dies 20 October |
|
| | | PH : | Irish Free State proclaimed | | VA : | John William Godward dies | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Avon's Harvest | | LT : | Marianne Moore: Poems published without her knowledge | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Memoirs of a Midget | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Offrandes
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, King David
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.3, 'Pastoral'
| | M : | William Turner Walton : Façade
settings of poems by Edith Sitwell
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Concerto
No.3
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Suite for orchestra, Saudades do Brasil
('Memories of Brazil')
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Ballet, Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel
('The Newlyweds of the Eiffel Tower'), written with "Les Six"
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, Katya Kabanová
| | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song-cycle, L'Horizon chimerique
('The Elusive Horizon')
| | PH : | Reparations Commission fixes German liability at 132 billion gold marks;
German inflation begins | | PH : | Major treaties signed at Washington Disarmament Conference limit naval tonnage and pledge to respect territorial integrity of China | | PH : | Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania are admitted to the League of Nations | | LT : | Richard Wilbur born 1 March | | M : | Camille Saint-Saëns dies 16 December |
|
| | | PH : | Kemal Atatürk founds modern Turkey | | ST : | King Tut's tomb found | | PH : | Mussolini marches on Rome | | LT : | The Reader's Digest first published | | VA : | Edmund Blair Leighton dies | | LT : | A E Housman: Last Poems | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Late Lyrics and Earlier | | LT : | T S Eliot: The Waste Land | | LT : | ee cummings: The Enormous Room | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Amériques
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : Suite, 1922
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Ballet, Skating Rink
| | M : | Manuel de Falla : Chamber opera, El Retablo de Maese Pedro
('Master Peter's Puppet Show')
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Opera, Belfagor
| | M : | Gustav Holst : A Fugal Overture
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Opera, The Perfect Fool
| | VA : | Frederick Maxfield Parrish : Morning | | VA : | Frederick Maxfield Parrish : Daybreak | | PH : | Hungary is admitted to the League of Nations | | M : | Lukas Foss born 15 August | | VA : | Lucien Freud born |
|
| | | DL : | Talking movies invented | | LT : | Wallace Stevens: Harmonium | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Come Hither and The Riddle, and Other Stories | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall | | LT : | Robert Frost: New Hampshire | | LT : | ee cummings: Tulips and Chimneys | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Octandre
| | M : | Edgard Varčse : Hyperprism
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : Das Marienleben
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Pacific 231
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.6
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Ancient Airs and Dances
second series
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Ballet, La Création du monde
('The Creation of the World')
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Psalmus hungaricus
for voices and orchestra
| | M : | Leo Janácek : String Quartet
No.1, 'The Kreutzer Sonata'
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, The Cunning Little Vixen
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Dance Suite
for orchestra
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Octet
for Wind Instruments
| | PH : | Adolf Hitler's "Beer Hall Putsch" in Munich fails | | PH : | Occupation of Ruhr by French and Belgian troops to enforce reparations payments | | DL : | Widespread Ku Klux Klan violence in U.S. | | DL : | Earthquake destroys third of Tokyo | | M : | George Gershwin : Rhapsody in Blue | | M : | Bessie Smith, known as "the Empress of the Blues", makes her first record | | LT : | William Butler Yeats wins Nobel Prize in Literature | | PH : | Ethiopia, Ireland are admitted to the League of Nations | | PH : | Dominican Republic is admitted to the League of Nations | | VA : | Roy Lichtenstein born |
|
| | | DL : | First Olympic winter games | | LT : | Marianne Moore: Observations | | LT : | John Masefield: Sard Harker | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: The Happy Marriage | | LT : | Robert Graves: Poems: 1914-26 | | VA : | Frank Cadogan Cowper : The Damsel of the Lake,
Called Nimue the Enchantress | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Intégrales
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : String Trio
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.7
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Opera, Irrelohe
('Flames of Madness')
| | M : | Erik Satie : Ballet, Relâche
| | M : | Erik Satie : Ballet, Mercure
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, The Pines of Rome
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Tzigane
('Gypsy'), for violin plus orchestra or piano
| | M : | Francis Poulenc : Ballet, Les Biches
('The Little Darlings')
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Wind sextet, Mládi
('Youth')
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Choral Symphony
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Opera, At the Boar's Head
| | M : | George Gershwin : Rhapsody in Blue
for piano and jazz band
| | M : | Aaron Copland : Symphony for Organ and Orchestra
(later arranged without organ)
| | PH : | Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in prison where he writes Mein Kampf; released after eight months
| | PH : | Death of Lenin; Stalin wins power struggle, rules as Soviet dictator until death in 1953 | | LT : | Robert Frost wins first of four Pulitzers | | PH : | Italian Fascists murder Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti | | PH : | Teapot Dome scandal | | M : | Gabriel Urbain Fauré dies 4 November |
|
| | | PH : | Hitler's Mein Kampf published
| | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Roman Bartholow and Dionysus in Doubt | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: Broomsticks and Other Tales | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: The Pot of Earth | | LT : | Thomas Hardy: Human Shows | | LT : | ee cummings: & and XLI Poems | | M : | Paul Hindemith : Concerto
for Orchestra
| | M : | Ernst Bacon : Prelude and Fugue
| | M : | Sir George Dyson : Children's Suite After Walter De La Mare
| | M : | William Turner Walton : Overture, Portsmouth Point
| | M : | Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Opera, L'Enfant et les sortilčges
('The Child and the Magic Spells')
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, The Steel Step
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, The Makropulos Affair
| | M : | George Gershwin : Concerto
in F, for piano and orchestra
| | VA : | Frederick Maxfield Parrish : The Knave | | PH : | Locarno conferences seek to secure European peace by mutual guarantees | | ST : | John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor, transmits human features by television | | ST : | John T. Scopes convicted and fined for teaching evolution in a public school in Tennessee "Monkey Trial"; sentence set aside | | VA : | Robert Rauschenberg born | | PH : | Costa Rica withdraws from the League of Nations | | M : | Pierre Boulez born 26 March | | VA : | John Singer Sargent dies | | M : | Erik Satie dies 1 July |
|
| | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Dark of the Moon | | LT : | John Masefield: Odtaa | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: Streets on the Moon | | VA : | Frank Cadogan Cowper : La Belle Dame Sans Merci | | M : | Paul Hindemith : Opera, Cardillac
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Opera, Judith
| | M : | Manuel de Falla : Concerto
for harpsichord and chamber ensemble
| | M : | Jean Sibelius : Symphonic Poem, Tapiola
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Piano Concerto
No.4
| | M : | Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Turandot
(the final scene completed by Franco Alfano after Puccini's death)
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Opera, Háry János
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Sinfonietta
for orchestra
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Glagolitic Mass
for soloists, choir and orchestra
| | M : | George Gershwin :
Three Piano Preludes
| | M : | George Gershwin : Musical, O, Kay!
| | M : | Aaron Copland : Piano Concerto
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Out of Doors
for piano
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.1
| | DL : | General strike in Britain brings nation's activities to standstill | | PH : | U.S. marines dispatched to Nicaragua during revolt; they remain until 1933 | | PH : | Germany is admitted to the League of Nations, Brazil withdraws | | VA : | Mary Cassatt dies 14 June | | VA : | Claude Monet dies 5 December |
|
| | | DL : | BBC founded | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Tristram | | VA : | Marc Chagall : Lovers with Flowers | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Arcana
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Opera, Antigone
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Three Botticelli Pictures
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : The Birds
suite for small orchestra (based on 17th and 18th century pieces about birds)
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Opera, The Fiery Angel
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Dances of Marosszék
for piano (later orchestrated)
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Tone poem, Egdon Heath
| | M : | George Gershwin : Musical, Funny Face
| | M : | George Gershwin : Musical, Strike Up the Band
| | M : | Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.3
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Opera-oratorio, Oedipus Rex
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Christophorus
| | PH : | German economy collapses - Socialists riot in Vienna; general strike follows acquittal of Nazis for political murder | | PH : | Trotsky expelled from Russian Communist Party | | ST : | Charles A. Lindbergh flies first successful solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris | | ST : | Philo T. Farnsworth demonstrates working television model | | ST : | Georges Lemaître proposes Big Bang Theory | | DL : | Babe Ruth hits 60 home runs in the season; record stands for next 34 years | | VA : | The Jazz Singer, with Al Jolson, first part-talking motion picture | | LT : | Galway Kinnell born 1 February | | VA : | Juan Gris dies |
|
| | | LT : | First Oxford English Dictionary published | | ST : | Penicillin discovered | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Tower | | VA : | Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee dies | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: The Hamlet of A. MacLeish | | M : | Anton von Webern : Symphony
| | M : | Virgil Garnett Thomson : Symphony
on a Hymn Tune
| | M : | Virgil Garnett Thomson : Opera, Four Saints in Three Acts
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : Le banquet céleste
for organ
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : Trois petites liturgies de la Presence Divine
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Opera, Sir John in Love
(including 'Greensleeves')
| | M : | Dmitry Shostakovich : Opera, The Nose
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg :
Variations for Orchestra
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, Roman Festivals
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Boléro
for orchestra
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Opera, Christopher Columbus
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Operetta, Das Land des Lächelns
('The Land of Smiles')
| | M : | Leo Janácek : String Quartet
No.2, 'Intimate Letters'
| | M : | Leo Janácek : Opera, From the House of the Dead
| | M : | Gustav Holst : A Moorside Suite
for brass band
| | M : | George Gershwin : Symphonic Poem, An American in Paris
| | M : | Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.4
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Apollon musagčte
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Der singende Teufel
| | PH : | Kellogg-Briand Pact, outlawing war, signed in Paris by 65 nations GO ! | | RP : | Anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa | | LT : | Thomas Hardy dies 11 January | | VA : | Andy Warhol born | | M : | Leo Janácek dies 12 August | | M : | Karlheinz Stockhausen born 22 August | | VA : | Helen Frankenthaler born in New York City |
|
| | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Cavender's House | | LT : | Robert Graves: Goodbye to All That | | M : | Ernst Toch : Bunte Suite
| | M : | William Turner Walton : Viola Concerto
| | PH : | Trotsky expelled from U.S.S.R. | | PH : | Lateran Treaty establishes independent Vatican City | | DL : | In U.S., stock market prices collapse, with U.S. securities losing $26 billionfirst phase of Depression and world economic crisis | | ST : | Edwin Powell Hubble proposes theory of expanding universe | | M : | Andre Previn born 6 April |
|
| | | ST : | Pluto discovered | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Stars To-night | | LT : | Sara Teasdale: Stars To-night | | LT : | Walter de la Mare: On the Edge | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: New Found Land | | LT : | Robert Frost: Selected Poems | | LT : | T S Eliot: Ash-Wednesday | | LT : | Wystan Hugh Auden: Paid on Both Sides and Poems | | M : | Anton von Webern : Quartet
for
Violin, Clarinet, Tenor Saxaphone, Piano
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : Diptyque
for organ
| | M : | Ernst Toch : Gesprochene Musik
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Ballet, Job, a Masque for Dancing
| | M : | Dmitry Shostakovich : Ballet, The Age of Gold
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Prelude and scherzo
for military band, Hammersmith
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Choral Fantasia
| | M : | George Gershwin : Musical, Girl Crazy
| | M : | Aaron Copland : Piano Variations
(later orchestrated)
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky : Symphony
of Psalms
| | PH : | Britain, U.S., Japan, France, and Italy sign naval disarmament treaty | | ST : | Cyclotron developed | | M : | Stephen Sondheim born 22 March |
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| | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Matthias at the Door | | LT : | Robert Graves: Poems: 1926-1930 | | LT : | T S Eliot: Thoughts After Lambeth | | LT : | ee cummings: CIOPW and ViVa | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Ionisation
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : Das Unaufhörliche
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, Cris du monde
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Opera, Amphion
| | M : | Sir George Dyson : The Canterbury Pilgrims
| | M : | William Turner Walton : Cantata, Belshazzar's Feast
| | M : | Maurice Ravel : Piano Concerto
in G
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Hammersmith
for orchestra
| | M : | Samuel Barber : Overture, The School for Scandal
| | M : | Samuel Barber : Dover Beach
for solo baritone and string quartet
| | M : | Vincenzo Bellini : Opera, Norma
| | M : | Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.2
| | M : | Igor Stravinsky :
Violin Concerto
| | PH : | Spain becomes a republic with overthrow of King Alfonso XIII | | PH : | German industrialists finance 800,000-strong Nazi party | | PH : | Mukden Incident begins Japanese occupation of Manchuria | | ST : | Harold C. Urey discovers heavy hydrogen | | DL : | The Star Spangled Banner officially becomes U.S. national anthem | | DL : | Notorious Scottsboro trial begins, exposing depth of Southern racism in U.S. | | PH : | Mexico is admitted to the League of Nations |
|
| | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Nicodemus | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: Conquistador | | M : | Ernst Bacon : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Richard Strauss : Opera, Arabella
| | M : | Dmitry Shostakovich : Opera, The Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
(later revised as Katerina Izmaylova)
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Opera, Moses and Aaron
| | M : | Francis Poulenc : Concerto
in D-minor, for two pianos and orchestra
| | M : | George Gershwin : Musical, Of Thee I Sing
| | M : | George Gershwin : Cuban Overture
| | M : | Benjamin Britten : Sinfonietta
| | M : | Franz Schreker : Der Schmied von Gent
| | PH : | Nazis lead in German elections with 230 Reichstag seats | | DL : | Famine in U.S.S.R. | | DL : | In U.S., Congress sets up Reconstruction Finance Corporation to stimulate economy. | | DL : | Veterans march on Washingtonmost leave after Senate rejects payment of cash bonuses; others removed by troops under Douglas MacArthur | | PH : | Iraq, Turkey are admitted to the League of Nations | | M : | John Phillip Sousa dies 6 March |
|
| | | PH : | Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany | | LT : | W.B. Yeats: The Winding Stair and Other Poems | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Talifer | | LT : | Archibald MacLeish: Conquistador | | LT : | A E Housman: The Name and Nature of Poetry | | LT : | T S Eliot: The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism | | LT : | ee cummings: Eimi | | VA : | Marc Chagall : Solitude | | M : | Paul Hindemith : String Trio
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : L'Ascension
(for orchestra, later for organ)
| | M : | Sir George Dyson : St Paul's Voyage to Melita
| | M : | Ottorino Respighi : Opera, La Fiamma
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Film Score, Lieutenant Kijé
| | M : | Zoltán Kodály : Dances of Galánta
for orchestra
| | M : | Gustav Holst : Brook Green Suite
for strings
| | M : | Vincenzo Bellini : Opera, Beatrice di Tenda
| | PH : | Reichstag fire in Berlin; Nazi terror begins | | PH : | Germany and Japan withdraw from League of Nations | | PH : | Roosevelt inaugurated; launches New Deal GO ! | | DL : | In U.S. Prohibition repealed | | PH : | U.S.S.R. recognised by U.S. | | PH : | Germany, Japan withdraw from the League of Nations | | LT : | Sara Teasdale dies 29 January | | M : | Henryk Mikolaj Górecki born 6 December |
|
| | | VA : | Marc Chagall : Bouquet with Flying Lovers | | PH : | Mao Zedong begins the Long March | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson: Amaranth | | LT : | Robert Graves: I, Claudius and Claudius the God | | LT : | T S Eliot: After Strange Gods | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Ecuatorial
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : Symphony, Mathis der Maler
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Ballet, Sémiramis
| | M : | Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.4
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
(including '18th Variation'), for piano and orchestra
| | M : | Pietro Mascagni : Opera, Nerone
('Nero')
| | M : | Franz Lehár : Opera, Giuditta
| | M : | Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.5
| | PH : | Hitler becomes führer. | | PH : | U.S.S.R. admitted to League of Nations | | PH : | Afghanistan, Ecuador, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are admitted to the League of Nations | | M : | Edward Elgar dies 23 February | | M : | Franz Schreker dies 21 March | | M : | Gustav Holst dies 25 May | | M : | Frederick Delius dies 10 June | | M : | Harrison Birtwistle born 15 July |
|
| | | PH : | Germany issues the anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws | | VA : | Jessie Willcox Smith dies | | LT : | Wallace Stevens: Ideas of Order | | LT : | T S Eliot: Murder in the Cathedral | | LT : | ee cummings: No Thanks and Tom | | M : | Paul Hindemith : Viola concerto, Der Schwanendreher
| | M : | Paul Hindemith : Opera, Mathis der Maler
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : La nativite de Seigneur
for organ
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Film music, Mayerling
| | M : | Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, Jeanne dArc au bűcher
('Joan of Arc at the Stake')
| | M : | Sir George Dyson : Nebuchadnezzar
| | M : | William Turner Walton : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Concerto
No.2
| | M : | George Gershwin : Opera, Porgy and Bess
| | PH : | Nazis repudiate Versailles Treaty, introduce compulsory military service | | DL : | Roosevelt opens second phase of New Deal in U.S., calling for social security, better housing, equitable taxation, and farm assistance | | PH : | Mussolini invades Ethiopia; League of Nations invokes sanctions | | PH : | Paraguay withdraws from the League of Nations of Nations | | LT : | Edwin A Robinson dies 6 April | | VA : | Malevich dies | | VA : | Paul Signac dies | | M : | Alban Berg dies 24 December |
|
| | | PH : | Spanish Civil War begins | | PH : | King George V dies; succeeded by son, Edward VIII, who soon abdicates to marry an American-born divorcée, and is succeeded by brother, George VI | | M : | Steve Reich dies | | LT : | Marianne Moore: The Pangolin and other verse | | LT : | Robert Frost: A Further Range | | LT : | ee cummings: 1/20 | | LT : | Wystan Hugh Auden: Look Stranger! | | M : | Edgard Varčse : Density 21.5
for flute solo
| | M : | Ernst Bacon : Twilight
| | M : | Ernst Bacon : Songs of Eternity
| | M : | Virgil Garnett Thomson : Film score, The Plow that Broke the Plains
| | M : | Olivier Messiaen : Song-cycles, Počmes pour Mi
| | M : | Elliott Cook Carter : Tarantella
for Male Chorus and Orchestra
| | M : | Arnold Schoenberg : Violin Concerto
| | M : | Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphony
No.3
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Peter and the Wolf
for narrator and orchestra
| | M : | Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, Romeo and Juliet
| | M : | Darius Milhaud : Suite provençale
| | M : | Mikhail Glinka : Opera, Zhizn'za tsarya
('A Life for the Tzar')
| | M : | George Gershwin : Film music, Shall We Dance
| | M : | Samuel Barber : Symphony
No.1
| | M : | Samuel Barber : String Quartet
| | M : | Aaron Copland : El Salón México
for orchestra
| | M : | Béla Bartók :
Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta
| | PH : | Germans occupy Rhineland, Italy annexes Ethiopia, Rome-Berlin Axis proclaimed (Japan will join in 1940) | | PH : | War between China and Japan begins, to continue through World War II | | PH : | Japan and Germany sign anti-Comintern pact; joined by Italy in 1937 | | PH : | Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua withdraw from the League of Nations | | M : | Ottorino Respighi dies 18 April | | LT : | A E Housman dies 30 April |
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