The "Great Elector" abolishes the estates; establishes a standing army
PH :
Peasants' revolt in Bern under Nikolaus Leuenberg
ED :
Chetham's Library, Manchester, founded
RP :
Blaise Pascal joins the Jansenists at Port-Royal
ED :
The London Polyglot Bible (in 10 languages)
ST :
Armamentarium chirurgicum, work of Ger. surgeon Johann Schultes on surgical instruments and procedures (posth.)
DL :
Izaak Walton: The Compleat Angler
DL :
First letter boxes in Paris
M :
Johann Pachelbel born 30 August
1654
LT :
Henry Vaughan: Flores Solitudinis
PH :
Treaty of Westminster ends first Anglo-Dutch war; Dutch recognise Navigation Act
PH :
Treaty of Commerce between England and Sweden
PH :
Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates on becoming a Roman Catholic; succeeded by her cousin Charles X
PH :
Coronation of Louis XIV at Rheims
PH :
War between Russia and Poland
DL :
Johann Amos Comenius publishes in Nuremberg first picture book for children, Orbis sensualium pictus
RP :
John Milton: Defensio secunda
ST :
Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat state the theory of probability
DL :
Entailor, fee tail, after Span. model, introduced in Germany
M :
Samuel Scheidt dies 30 March
1655
LT :
Henry Vaughan: Silex Scintillans, second part
PH :
Cromwell dissolves Parliament and divides England into 11 districts
RP :
Anglican services prohibited in England
PH :
Outbreak of first Northern War
ED :
Pierre Borel: Tréso des recherches et antiquités Gauloises
RP :
Oliver Cromwell readmits Jews into England
ED :
William Drummond: A History of the Five Jameses (posth.)
RP :
Thomas Fuller: Church History of Britain
RP :
Thomas Hobbes: Elementorum philosophia
RP :
Pope Innocent X dies; Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII
RP :
Thomas Stanley: A History of Philosophy
ST :
Chin. scientist and naturalist Ch'en yüan-lung publishes Ko-chih-ching-yüan, on new inventions
DL :
First regular newspaper in Berlin
1656
PH :
Treaty of Königsberg and Alliance of Marienberg between Sweden and Brandenburg
PH :
Second Protectorate Parliament
PH :
King John IV of Portugal dies; succeeded by his son Alfonso VI
RP :
Manasseh ben Israel: Vindiciae Judaeorum, reply to attacks on Cromwell's readmission of Jews
RP :
John Bunyan: Some Gospel Truth Opened
RP :
Marchamont Needham: The Excellency of a Free State
RP :
Blaise Pascal: Lettres provinciales against Jesuits
RP :
Spinoza excommunicated
VA :
Academy of Painting in Rome founded
M :
Opening of first London opera house
ST :
Thomas Wharton describes anatomy of glands
DL :
Regiment of grenadier guards formed
DL :
Hôpital général, Paris, opens, combining hospital, poorhouse, and factory
1657
LT :
Richard Lovelace dies
LT :
Henry Vaughan: The Chemist's Key
PH :
Emperor Ferdinand III dies; his son Leopold I succeeds him
PH :
Oliver Cromwell rejects offer of title "king"
PH :
Creation of a new House of Lords increases Cromwell's power
PH :
Treaty of Bromberg: Brandenburg allied with Poland against Sweden
RP :
Richard Baxter: A Call to the Unconverted
RP :
Johann Amos Comenius: Opera didactice omnia
ED :
Le Sieur Saunier: L'encyclopédie des beaux esprits, believed to be first reference book with "encyclopédie" in title
ED :
Accademia de Cimento founded in Florence
ST :
Dutch scientist Christiann Huygens designs first pendulum clocks
DL :
Drinking chocolate introduced in London
DL :
First stockings and fountain pens manufactured in Paris
1658
PH :
Treaty of Roskilde between Sweden and Denmark ends first war
PH :
Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, and succeeds him as Mogul Emperor
PH :
Charles X begins Second Northern War
PH :
Oliver Cromwell dies; succeeded as Lord Protector by his son Richard
PH :
Leopold I elected Holy Roman Emperor
PH :
Formation of Rhenish League under Fr. protectorate
RP :
James Harrington: The Prerogative of Popular Government
ED :
Edward Phillips: A New World of Words
RP :
Société des missions étrangères founded in Paris
ST :
J.R. Glauber: De natura salium
ST :
Jan Swammerdam first observes red blood corpuscles
ST :
Robert Hooke, naturalist and philosopher, invents the balance spring for watches
DL :
Swed. Financier Johann Palmstruck devises first bank note, issued by the Swed. state bank
1659
M :
Henry Purcell born
PH :
Richard Cromwell resigns
PH :
Peace of the Pyrenees between France and Spain
RP :
Henry More: The Immortality of the Soul
ED :
William Somner: Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum
ST :
Eng. physician Thomas Willis describes first typhoid fever
ED :
Prussian State Library, Berlin, founded
1660
PH :
Charles X of Sweden dies; succeeded by Charles XI
PH :
Parliament invites Charles II to return to England (The Restoration)
PH :
Peace of Oliva signed, ending war between Austria, Poland, Sweden, and Brandenburg, and recognising the "Great Elector's " sovereignty in E. Prussia
PH :
Peace of Copenhagen ends war between Sweden and Denmark
PH :
Dan. crown becomes hereditary
LT :
Patents granted for reopening of London theatres
RP :
James Harrington: Political Discourse
ED :
James Howell: Lexicon Tetraglotten, Eng.-Fr.-Ital.-Span. dictionary
DL :
Dutch peasants (Boers) settle in S. Africa
DL :
Royal African Company founded
DL :
Famous "Café Procope" opens in Paris
DL :
Water closets arrive from France in England
M :
Alessandro Scarlatti born 2 May
VA :
Diego Velázquez dies
1661
VA :
Alexandre Francois Desportes born
PH :
Cardinal Mazarin dies; Louis XIV begins his personal rule
PH :
Coronation of Charles II
PH :
Peace of Kardis between Russia and Sweden ends Northern War
PH :
"Cavalier Parliament" meets
DL :
Famine in India, no rain since 1659
PH :
Mohammed Kiuprili, Grand Vizier of Turkey dies; succeeded by his son Ahmed Kiuprili
LT :
Sir William Davenant, poet and dramatist, opens Lincoln's Inn Theatre, London
RP :
John Eliot translates the Bible into Algonquin (first Amer. Bible edition)
RP :
Joseph Glanvilil: The Vanity of Dogmatizing
M :
Académie Royale de Danse founded by Louis XIV
M :
Mathew Lock made court composer to Charles II
M :
Edward Lowe: Short Direction for the Performance of Cathedra Servies, to revive organ accompaniment, suppressed during Commonwealth
ST :
Robert Boyle: The Skeptical Chymist, with definition of chemical elements
ST :
Christian Huyghens invents the manometer for ascertaining elastic forces of gases
ST :
John Evelyn: Fumifugium, or the Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London Dissipated, an early attack on air pollution
ED :
Kongelige Bibliothek, Copenhagen, founded
VA :
Antoine Coypel born 11 March
1662
LT :
John Dryden: The Wild Gallant
PH :
Elizabeth of Bohemia, "the Winter Queen", dies
PH :
Shun Chih, first Manchu Emperor of China dies; succeeded by his son K'ang-hsi
RP :
Act of Uniformity gives assent to revised Eng. prayer book
ED :
Thomas Fuller: The worthies of England, biographical reference work (posth.)
VA :
Louis XIV begins to build palace of Versailles
ED :
Founding of the Academia Leopoldina in Vienna
ST :
The Royal Society receives charter from Charles II
DL :
Last silver pennies minted in London
1663
LT :
John Dryden: The Rival Ladies
PH :
Turks declare War on Holy Roman Empires
LT :
Colbert founds Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres in Paris
LT :
The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, opens
RP :
Robert Boyle: Concerning the Usefulness of Experimental Philosophy
RP :
Lord Herbert of Cherbury: De religione gentilium (posth.)
RP :
Writings of Descartes put on the Index
ST :
Guericke constructs a frictional electrical machine
ST :
John Newton discovers the binomial theorem
DL :
First gold guinea pieces coined in England
DL :
Hearth tax in England
DL :
Turnpike tolls introduced in England
1664
PH :
Alliance between France and Brandenburg
PH :
Truce of Vasvar between Turks and Austrians
RP :
Conventicle Act, against Nonconformists, forbids meetings of more than five people
RP :
The Trappist Order founded at La Trappe, Normandy
M :
French horn becomes an orchestral instrument
ST :
Thomas Willis: Cerebri anatome on the nervous system
DL :
"Compagnie des Indes Occidentales" formed to control Fr. trade in Canada, S.America, W.Africa and W. Indies
DL :
Introduction of large periwig style
DL :
First Royal Marine Regiment
PH :
Start of second Anglo-Dutch war
1665
LT :
John Dryden: The Indian Emperor
PH :
Philip IV of Spain dies; succeeded by his son Charles II
PH :
Absolutism introduced into Denmark by Lex Regia
LT :
Journal des Savants, first literary periodical, started in Paris
RP :
John Bunyan: The Holy City
ED :
Codex Theodosianus, ed by Jacques Godefroy
RP :
John Eliot: Communion of Churches, privately printed at Harvard, Mass.
RP :
Five-Mile Act put restrictions on Nonconformist ministers
ST :
Philosophical Transactions, first scientific journal in England
ST :
Giovanni Cassini determines rotations of Jupiter, Mars, and Venus
ST :
Peter Chamberlen invents midwifery forceps
ST :
Francis Grimaldi: Physico-mathesis de lumine (posth.) explains diffraction of light
ST :
Robert Hooke: Micrographia, on the microscope
ED :
University of Kiel founded
PH :
Colony of New Jersey founded
ST :
Issac Newton experiments on gravitation; invents differential calculus
ED :
First modern census taken in Quebec
ED :
Caleb Cheeshateaumuck, first N. Amer. Indian to take an A.B. Degree at Harvard
DL :
First issue of the London Gazette
DL :
The Prince Archbishop of Münster sells 7,000 of his subjects as solders
DL :
The Great Plague of London begins, killing 68,596
VA :
Nicolas Poussin dies
1666
PH :
France and Dutch declare war on England
PH :
Quadruple alliance between Holland, Brandenburg, Brunswick, and Denmark to secure safety of Holland
PH :
Treaty of Cleves between Brandenburg and Neubrug for partition of Jülick-Cleves
PH :
Hungarian noblemen revolt against Emperor Leopold I
RP :
First Armenian Bible printed
RP :
John Bunyan: Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
RP :
Leibniz: De arte combinatoria
RP :
Raskol (Great Schism) breaks out in Russ. Church
RP :
John Tillotson: The Rule of Faith
M :
Antonio Stradivari labels his first violin
ST :
Issac Newton measures the moon's orbit
DL :
First Cheddar cheese
DL :
Great Fire of London
VA :
Gobelin workshops established in Paris by Colbert
DL :
Cricket Club founded at St. Alban's , Herfordshire, England
VA :
Frans Hals dies
1667
LT :
John Dryden: The Maiden Queen, Sir Martin Marall and an adaptation of The Tempest
PH :
Truce of Andrusovo ends 13-year war between Russia and Poland
PH :
Secret treaty between Louis XIV and Charles II against Spain
PH :
War of Devolution begins as Fr. troops invade Netherlands
PH :
Shah Abbas II of Persia dies; succeeded by his son Suleiman
PH :
Alfonso VI of Portugal banished to the Azores by his brother Pedro, the regent
PH :
Peace of Breda between the Dutch, France and England
RP :
Pope Alexander VII dies; Giulio Rospigliosi becomes Pope Clement IX
ED :
Fr. jurist Guillaume Lamoignon compiles the Code Louis
RP :
Leibniz: Nova methodus discendique juris
RP :
Samuel Pufendorf: De statu republicae Germanicae
ST :
National Observatory, Paris , founded
DL :
Fr. army uses hand grenades
PH :
Treaty of Breda ends second Anglo-Dutch war
VA :
Alessandro Magnasco born
1668
LT :
John Dryden: The Mock Astrologer and Tyrannic Love, or the Royal Martyr
PH :
Alliance of the Hague signed by English and Dutch
PH :
Treaty of Lisbon: Spain recognises independence of Portugal
PH :
Brit. East India Company obtains control of Bombay
PH :
Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ends War of Devolution between France and Spain
PH :
John II Casimir, King of Poland abdicates
PH :
Treaty between Louis XIV and Leopold I concerning future partition of Span. realms
RP :
Joseph Glanvill: Plus ultra, or Progress of Knowledge since Aristotle
RP :
Henry More: Divine Dialogues
RP :
William Penn: Sandy Foundation Shaken, questions the doctrine of the Trinity
RP :
Sir Josiah Child: Brief Observations Concerning Trade and the Interest of Money
ST :
Robert Hooke: Discourse on Earthquakes
ST :
Isaac Newton constructs reflecting telescope
DL :
Oder-Spree Canal finished
M :
François Couperin born 10 November
1669
PH :
Michael Wisniowiecki, a Lithuanian, elected King of Poland
PH :
John Locke's constitution for Carolina approved, S. Carolina founded GO !
PH :
Venetians lose Crete, their last colonial possession, to the Turks
RP :
Aurangzeb bans Hindu religion in India
PH :
Last meeting of the Hanseatic League
RP :
Pope Clement IX dies
RP :
William Penn: No Cross, No Crown
M :
Royal patent for founding Académie Royale des Opéras granted
M :
Mathew Locke: The Treasury of Musick
ED :
Edmund Castell: Lexicon Heptaglotton
ST :
Phosphorus prepared for first time
ST :
Nicolaus Steno begins the modern study of geology
ST :
Jan Swammerdam: History of the Insects
DL :
Outbreak of cholera in China
DL :
Earliest Fr. trading station in India
VA :
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn dies
1670
LT :
John Dryden: first and second parts of Almanzor and Almahide, or the Conquest of Granada
PH :
Defensive alliance between France and Bavaria
PH :
Treaty of Dover between England and France
PH :
Frederick III, King of Denmark, dies; succeeded by Christian V
PH :
Rebellion of Ukrainian Cossacks crushed
LT :
John Dryden appointed historiographer royal and poet laureate
LT :
First Ital. "commedia dell'arte" companies appear in Germany
RP :
Cardinal Emilio Altieri becomes Pope Clement X
ED :
John Milton: The Historie of Britain
RP :
Pascal: Pensées (posth.)
RP :
Spinoza: Tractatus theologico-politicus
ST :
Paul Amman: Medicina critica
ST :
Ital. scientist Giovanni Borelli attempts to use artificial wings for flying
ST :
Engl. physician Thomas Willis describes for first time typical symptoms of diabetes
PH :
Hudson's Bay Company incorporated by royal charter to trade in region of N. America draining into Hudson Bay
DL :
Louis XIV's Minister of War introduces uniforms and paper cartridges in Fr. army
DL :
First minute hands on watches
1671
PH :
Turks declare war on Poland
RP :
First Bible edition in Arabic, printed in Rome
RP :
John Bunyan: A Confession of My Faith
ED :
Stephen Skinner: Etymologicon linguae anglicanae
M :
Paris Opéra opens
ST :
Leibniz defines nature and existence of the ether
DL :
Eng. Crown resumes direct control of customs system
DL :
Founding of the Fr. Senegal Company
M :
Tomaso Albinoni born 14 June
1672
LT :
John Dryden: Marriage à la Mode and The Assignation, or Love in a Nunnery
DL :
Stop of Eng. exchequer; cash payments suspended for 12 months
PH :
Declaration of Indulgence issued by Charles II (withdrawn in 1673)
PH :
Britain declares war on the Dutch
PH :
France declares war on the Dutch
ED :
Clarendon Press, official printers of Oxford University, founded
ED :
Elias Ashmore: Institutions, Laws, Ceremonies of the Order of the Garter
RP :
William Cave: Primitive Christianity
RP :
Confessions of faith of the Greek Orthodox Church revived by the Synod of Jerusalem
ED :
William Tempel: Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands
DL :
Fulham Pottery, London, founded
M :
First public concert at Whitefriars, London
ST :
Root ipecacuanha introduced for medicinal purposes in Europe
ST :
Flexible hose for use in fighting fires introduced
ST :
John Josselym: New England's Rarities Discovered, on local flora and fauna
DL :
Charter granted to the Royal African Company
PH :
Start of third Anglo-Dutch war
LT :
Anne Bradstreet dies 16 September
M :
Heinrich Schütz dies 6 November
1673
LT :
Thomas Traherne: Roman Forgeries
LT :
John Dryden: Amboyna
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Incidental music
to Molière's play Le Malade imaginaire ('The Hypochondriac')
PH :
Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from office in England
PH :
After preliminary peace between Brandenburg and France the "Great Elector" promises, in Treaty of Vossen, not to support any enemies of Louis XIV
PH :
Emperor Leopold I declares war on France
PH :
King Michael of Poland dies
PH :
Fr. expedition against Ceylon
ED :
Robert Clave; Catalogue of All the Books Printed in England Since the Dreadful Fire of London in 1666
LT :
Archpriest Petrovich Avvakum writes his Zhitie, first Russ. autobiography
M :
Mathew Locke: The Present Practice of Music Vindicated
ED :
University of Innsbruck founded
ST :
Stalactic grotto of Antiparos (Aegean Sea) discovered
DL :
Financier Richard Hoare founds Hoare's Bank, London
DL :
Mitsui family's trading and banking house in Japan founded
1674
LT :
Thomas Traherne dies
LT :
John Dryden: The State of Innocence
PH :
Jan Sobieski elected as Jan III, King of Poland
PH :
Sivaji Bhonsla declares himself independent of the Mogul Emperor Aurangzeb; founds Mahratta state and is crowned at Raigarh
PH :
Office of Stadholder of the United Provinces becomes hereditary in the House of Orange
LT :
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, rebuilt after the fire and reopened
ED :
Anthony à Wood: Historia et antiquitates universitatis Oxoniensis
RP :
Nicolas Malebranch: De la recherche de la vérité
ED :
Louis Moreri: Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, first encyclopedic reference work on history
ST :
John Mayow: Tractatus quinque medico-physici, on the nature of combustion
ST :
Thomas Willis: Pharmaceutice rationalis
LT :
Robert Herrick dies in October
1675
VA :
Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini born
VA :
Sir James Thornhill born
LT :
Thomas Traherne: Christian Ethicks
PH :
Alliance between France and Poland
PH :
War between Sweden and Denmark
PH :
Charles II of England receives 500,000 crowns from Louis XIV and is able to prorogue Eng. Parliament for 15 months
PH :
King Charles II of Spain attains majority
LT :
Poems of Basho (pseudonym of Matsuo Munefusa) help popularise Jap. haiku poetry
RP :
Jacques Savary: Le Parfait Négociant
RP :
Philipp Jacob Spener: Pia desideria
RP :
Spinoza finishes his Ethics
RP :
Thomas Traherne: Christian Ethics (posth.)
ST :
Greenwich Observatory established
ST :
Leibniz invents differential and integral calculus
ST :
Isaac Newton: Opticks
ST :
Finite velocity of light established by Olaus Romer
VA :
Johannes Vermeer dies
1676
LT :
John Dryden: Aurengzebe
PH :
Czar Alexis of Russia dies; succeeded by his son Feodor III
PH :
Ahmed Kiuprili dies; succeeded as grand Vizier of Turkey by his brother-in-law Kara Mustafa
RP :
"Declaration of the People of Virginia" by Nathaniel Bacon gains support for rebellion against authorities
RP :
Pope Clement X dies; Benedetto Odescalchi becomes Pope Innocent XI
RP :
Benjamin Thompson; New England's Crisis
RP :
Roger Williams: George Fox Digg'd Out of His Burrowes, anti-Quaker tract
ST :
Thomas Sydenham: Obervationes medicae
DL :
Influenza epidemic in England
RP :
Legal protection of Sabbath observance in England
1677
RP :
William Cave: History of Martyrdoms
ED :
Johann Jacob Hofmann: Lexicon Universale, on science and arts
RP :
John Houghton: England's Great Happiness, or A Dialogue between Content and Complaint
RP :
Increase Mather: The Troubles That Have Happened in New England
DL :
Ice cream becomes popular as dessert in Paris
1678
LT :
Henry Vaughan: Thalia Rediviva
LT :
John Dryden: All for Love and Limberham
LT :
Anne Bradstreet: Several Poems Compiled with Great Variety of Wit and Learning (posth.)
PH :
Peace of Nijmegen between France and the Dutch and France and Spain
PH :
"Popish Plot" in England revealed; trials of many leading Roman Catholics
PH :
Roman Catholics in England excluded from both Houses of Parliament
PH :
Hungarian rebellion against Hapsburgs under Emeric Tökölyi
PH :
Outbreak of war between Russia and Sweden
RP :
John Bunyan: The Pilgrim's Progress, part I
RP :
Ralph Cudworth: The True Intellectual System of the Universe
M :
Thomas Britton, Eng. patron of music, introduces weekly concerts in Clerkenwell, London
M :
First Ger. opera house opens in Hamburg
ST :
Ital. mathematician Giovanni Ceva states the geometrical theorem on the nature of concurrency
ST :
Christian Huygens records his discovery of the polarisation of light
ST :
Robert de La Salle explores the Great Lakes
ST :
Thomas Thatcher: A Brief Rule in Small Pocks or Measles, first medical treatise published in America
DL :
First chrysanthemums arrive in Holland from Japan
DL :
Import of all Fr. goods to England prohibited
PH :
End of third Anglo-Dutch war
M :
Antonio Vivaldi born 4 March
LT :
Andrew Marvell dies 18 August
1679
M :
Alessandro Scarlatti : Opera, Gli equivoci nel sembiante
PH :
Peace of Nijmegen between Louis XIV and Leopold I
PH :
Habeas Corpus Amendment Act in England
PH :
Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye between Sweden and Brandenburg
PH :
Peace Treaty of Lund between Denmark and Sweden
RP :
Gilbert Burnet: History of the Reformation of the Church of England, vol I
RP :
Sir William Petty: A Treatise on Taxes and Contributions
RP :
Abraham a Sancta Clara: Merk's Wien!, sermons against corruption of morals in Vienna
ST :
Elias Ashmole founds Ashmolean Museum at Oxford
ST :
Edmund Halley: Catalogus stellarum australium
ST :
Fr. Jesuit Louis Hannepin discovers Niagara Falls
DL :
Edict against duelling in France
DL :
First German coffeehouses in Hamburg
VA :
Jean-François de Troy born 27 January
1680
PH :
Absolutism in Sweden under King Charles XI
PH :
Maximilian II Emanuel becomes Elector of Bavaria
PH :
Tsunayoshi becomes Shogun of Japan
LT :
Comédie Français formed by merging Théâtre Guénéguad Paris, with Théâtre de'Hôtel de Bourgogne
RP :
Robert Filmer: Patriarche, or The Natural Power of Kings
ED :
César-Pierre Richelet: Dictionnaire François
RP :
Sir William Temple: An Essay on Government
M :
First ballets arrive in Germany from France
M :
Stradivari makes his earliest known cello
ST :
First Brandenburgian expedition to W. Africa
DL :
Dodo, flightless bird of the Raphidae family, extinct
DL :
Penny post established in London
PH :
Start of fourth Anglo-Dutch war
VA :
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini dies
1681
LT :
John Dryden: Spanish Friar
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Divertissement, Les Plaisirs de Versailles
('The Pleasures of Versailles')
PH :
Defensive alliances between Brandenburg and France and between Brandenburg and Sweden
PH :
European Congress meets at Frankfurt
ED :
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet: Discours sur l'histoire universelle
ED :
Jean Mabillon: De re diplomatica, study of historical documents as foundation of historical criticism
RP :
James Dalrymple of Stair: Institutions of the Law of Scotland
M :
Female professional dancers appear for first time at the Paris Opéra
ED :
Academy of Sciences, Moscow, founded
ST :
Canal du Midi, joining Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean, finished
DL :
Founding of the Chelsea Hospital, London, for wounded and discharged soldiers
DL :
First checks in England
M :
Johann Mattheson born 28 September
VA :
Gerard Ter Borch dies
1682
LT :
John Dryden: Absalom and Achitophel, The Medal and Religio Laici
PH :
Czar Feodor III of Russia dies; his sister Sophia becomes Regent for her infant brothers, Ivan and Peter
PH :
Emeric Tökölyi proclaimed King of Hungary by Turks
ST :
Pierre Bayle: Thoughts on the Comet of 1680, against superstitions on comets
RP :
John Bunyan: The Holy War
ED :
François Eudes de Mézeray: De l'origine des Français
RP :
58,000 Fr. Huguenots forced to conversion
ED :
Sir George MacKenzie founds Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, later to becomes Scot. national library
RP :
Sir William Petty: Essay Concerning Multiplications of Mankind
ED :
Acta eruditorum, first learned periodical appears (in Latin) in Leipzig
DL :
Versailles becomes royal residence
DL :
Weaving mill with 100 looms established in Amsterdam
VA :
Giovanni Batista Piazetta born 13 February
1683
M :
Henry Purcell : Ode for St. Cecelia's Day
(2 composed in this year, 2 more later)
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Dramatic oratorio, La Descente d'Orphée aux enfers
('The Descent of Orpheus into the Underworld')
PH :
Pol.-Aust. alliance against Turks
PH :
Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II discovered
PH :
Turks begins siege of Vienna
PH :
Spain declares war on France
PH :
Alfonso VI, King of Portugal, dies; succeeded by his brother Peter II
PH :
Dutch traders admitted to Canton
PH :
League of The Hague: the Emperor Leopold I and Charles II of Spain join Dutch-Swed. alliance against France
PH :
Manchus conquer Formosa
PH :
Peace treaty between William Penn and N. American Indians
RP :
Mathew Hale: A Discourse Touching Provision for the Poor
ED :
William Penn: A General Description of Pennsylvania
ED :
Sir William Petty: The Growth of the City of London
ST :
Eng. navigator William Dampier begins voyage around the world
ST :
Newton explains mathematical theory on tides under gravitational attraction of sun, moon, and earth
DL :
First coffeehouses in Vienna
DL :
Wild boars become extinct in Great Britain
1684
PH :
The Emperor, Poland and Venice conclude Holy League of Linz against Turks
PH :
Bermudas become crown colony
PH :
The "Great Elector" offers Fr. Huguenots refuge in Brandenburg
LT :
Nouvelles de la République des Lettres, literary review, published
LT :
Takemoto Gidayu begins puppet theatre "Joruri" in Tokyo
RP :
93 Jewish families expelled from Bordeaux
RP :
Increase Mather: Remarkable Providences
ST :
Giovanni Cassini: Les Éléments de l'astronomie vérifiés
ST :
Ger. explorer Engelbert Kämpfer travels to Persian Gulf, Java, and Japan
DL :
First attempts in London to light the streets
PH :
Siamese embassy arrives at court of Louis XIV at Versailles
PH :
End of fourth Anglo-Dutch war
VA :
Jean-Antoine Watteau born 10 October
1685
M :
Henry Purcell : Rejoice in the Lord Alway
PH :
Charles II of England dies; succeeded by his brother James II
PH :
Charles, the Elector Palatinates, dies; electorate claimed by Louis XIV for his sister-in-law Liselotte
DL :
All Chin. ports opened to foreign trade
ED :
César de Rochefort: Dictionnaire général et curieux
RP :
Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes, exiles thousands of Fr. Protestants
ST :
David Abercromby: De pulsis variatione
DL :
Fr. Huguenots begin silk manufacture in Great Britain
M :
George Frideric Handel born 23 February
VA :
Jean-Marc Nattier born 17 March
M :
Johann Sebastian Bach born 21 March
1686
PH :
Russia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Roman Catholics readmitted to Eng. army
LT :
First Swed. theatre opens in Stockholm
RP :
Ger. pietist and educator begins at Leipzig his Collegum Philobiblicum for the study of the Bible
ST :
Halley draws first meteorological map
ED :
Jean Le Clerc: Bibliothèque universelle et historique, 25 vols
ST :
Francis Willughby: Historia piscium (posth.)
DL :
Maison St. Cyr founded as convent school for daughters of poor gentlefolk
VA :
Jean-Baptiste Oudry born 17 March
1687
VA :
Giovanni Battista Pittoni born
LT :
John Dryden: The Hind and the Panther
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Divertissement, Idle sur le retour de la santé du roi
('Idyll on the King's Return to Health')
PH :
James II issues Declaration of Indulgence for liberty of conscience
PH :
Papal nuncio received by James II
PH :
Hungarian diet of Pressburg recognises the crown as hereditary possession of the male line of Hapsburgs
PH :
Sultan Mohammed IV of Turkey deposed; succeeded by Suleiman III
ED :
Fénelon: Traité de l'éducation des filles
RP :
Samuel von Pufendorf: The Relation of Religious Liberty to Civilian Life
RP :
John Wallis: Institutio logicae
ST :
Isaac Newton: Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica
ST :
Sir Hans Sloane begins his botanical collection on a visit to Jamaica
ED :
University of Bologna founded
M :
Jean-Baptiste Lully dies 22 March
1688
VA :
François Le Moyne born
M :
Henry Purcell : Song
'Evening Hymn'
PH :
Frederick William, the "Great Elector" dies; succeeded by his son Frederick III
PH :
Transylvania becomes province under King of Hungary
PH :
Seven Eng. lords invite William of Orange to England (the "Glorious Revolution")
PH :
War between France and the Empire
RP :
Jacques- Bénigne Boussuet: Histoires des variations des églises protestantes
DL :
Joseph de la Vega: Confusion de confusiones, description of transactions on Amsterdam Exchange
DL :
London underwriters begin meeting regularly at Lloyd's Coffee House
ST :
Plate glass being cast for first time
DL :
Smyrna destroyed by earthquake
LT :
Alexander Pope born 21 May
1689
M :
Henry Purcell : Musik's Handmaid
for harpsichord (including a version of 'Lilliburlero')
M :
Henry Purcell : Opera, Dido and Aeneas
PH :
Parliament confirms abdication of James II
PH :
Declaration of Rights in England, William and Mary proclaimed King and Queen for life (also in Scotland)
PH :
Louis XIV declares war on Great Britain
PH :
Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia
PH :
Ger. diet declares war on France
RP :
Pope Innocent XI dies; Pietro Ottoboni becomes Pope Alexander VIII
ED :
John, Lord Somers: A Brief History of the Succession to the Crown of England
RP :
William Sherlock: A Practical Discourse Concerning Death
DL :
William III establishes Devonport Naval Dockyards
DL :
First modern trade fair held in Leiden, Holland
1690
LT :
John Dryden: Don Sebastian and Amphitryon
M :
François Couperin : Pièces d'orgue consistantes en deux messes, l'une à l'usage ordinaire des paroisses, l'autre propre pour les couvents de religieux et religieuses
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier :
Setting of the Te Deum
PH :
Joseph I elected King of the Romans
PH :
Act of Grace passed in England
PH :
Spain joins Great Alliance against France
RP :
John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
RP :
Sir William Petty: Political Arithmetics
DL :
Calcutta founded by Eng. colonial administrator Job Charnock
ST :
Huyghens publishes his theory of the undulation of light
ST :
Fr. engineer Denis Papin devises pump with piston, raised by steam
ED :
Academia dell' arcadia founded in Rome
DL :
Calico printing introduced to Great Britain from France
VA :
Nicolas Lancret born 22 January
1691
LT :
John Dryden: King Arthur
M :
Johann Pachelbel : Six Suites
for two violins
M :
Henry Purcell :
Incidental music to King Arthur, play by John Dryden
PH :
Hapsburgs recognised as rulers of Transylvania
DL :
New East India Company formed in London
PH :
Sultan Suleiman III of Turkey dies; succeeded by Ahmad II
PH :
Treaty of Limerick ends Irish rebellion
RP :
Pope Alexander VIII dies; Antonio Pignatelli becomes Pope Innocent XII
RP :
Christian Faith Society for West Indies founded in London
RP :
Claude Fleury: Histoire ecclésiastique begun (20 vols, completed in 1720)
RP :
Kaspar Stieler: Teutsche Sprachschatz
RP :
Henry Wharton: Anglia sacra
ED :
Anthony à Wood: Athenae Oxonienses
ST :
Leibniz: Protagaea, on geology
DL :
First directory of addresses published in Paris
VA :
Aelbert Cuyp dies
1692
LT :
John Dryden: Cleomenes
M :
Henry Purcell : Songs
'Music for a While' and 'Nymphs and Shepherds'
M :
Henry Purcell : Masque or 'semi opera', The Fairy Queen
VA :
Antoine Coypel : Democritus
PH :
Massacre of Clan Macdonald at Glencoe
PH :
Duke Ernst August of Hanover becomes 9th Elector of the Holy Roman Empire
LT :
Nahum Tate made poet laureate
RP :
Edict of Toleration for Christians in China
ED :
William and Mary College founded in Virginia
ED :
Johann Konrad Amman: Der redende Stumme, manual of language for deaf-mutes
DL :
The Bank, later becomes banking house of Coutts and Co., opened in Strand, London
DL :
Earthquake in Jamaica
DL :
Queen Mary II founds Greenwich Hospital for wounded sailors and pensioners
1693
LT :
John Dryden: A Discourse concerning the Original and Progress of Satire
M :
Johann Pachelbel : Chorale Preludes
for organ
M :
Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Opera, Médée
PH :
Louis XIV begins his peace policy, reconciliation with the Vatican
DL :
National Debt begins in England
RP :
Edmund Halley: The Degrees of Mortality of Mankind
RP :
Secret society, Knights of the Apocalypse, founded in Italy to defend the church against the antichrist
ED :
Leibniz: Codex Juris gentium diplomaticus
ED :
John Locke: Thoughts Concerning Education, on learning foreign languages
RP :
Cotton Mather: Wonders of the Invisible World
RP :
William Penn: An Essay on the Present and Future Peace of Europe
DL :
Kingston, Jamaica, founded
1694
VA :
Corrado Giaquinto born
VA :
Charles-Antoine Coypel born
LT :
John Dryden: Love Triumphant
M :
Alessandro Scarlatti : Opera, Il Pirro e Demetrio
M :
Henry Purcell : Ode
'Come Ye Sons of Art' (including aria, 'Sound the Trumpet')
M :
Tomaso Albinoni : Opera, Zenobia
M :
Tomaso Albinoni :
12 Trio Sonatas
DL :
Founding of the Bank of England
PH :
Triennial Bill providing for new Parliamentary election every third year
PH :
Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony
PH :
Hussain becomes Shah of Persia
ED :
Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, first edition, 2 vols.
ST :
Rudolf Camerarius: De sexu plantarum epistola
ED :
University of Halle founded
DL :
Salt tax doubled in England
1695
M :
Johann Pachelbel : Magnificat Fugues
for organ
M :
Henry Purcell : Semi opera, The Indian Queen
M :
Henry Purcell :
'The Golden Sonata' for 2 violins, viola de gamba, and keyboard
M :
Henry Purcell : Queen Mary's Funeral Music
PH :
Ahmad II, Sultan of Turkey, dies; succeeded by Mustafa II
DL :
End of government press censorship in England
RP :
John Locke: The Reasonableness of Christianity
ST :
Pendant barometer invented
ED :
University of Berlin founded
ST :
Magnesium sulfate isolated (epsom salts)
ST :
John Woodward: Essay Toward a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial Bodies
DL :
Royal Bank of Scotland founded
DL :
Window tax in England
LT :
Henry Vaughan dies 23 April
M :
Henry Purcell dies 21 November
VA :
Jean-Baptiste Joseph Pater born 29 December
1696
VA :
Louis Tocqué born
DL :
New coinage in England carried out by John Locke and Isaac Newton
PH :
Eng. Habeas Corpus Act suspended
ED :
Nicolas Antonio: Bibliotheca Hispana vetus, Span. bibliography
ED :
William Nicolson: The English Historical Library, 3 vols.
VA :
Kunstakademie, Berlin, founded
ED :
John Bellers: Proposals for Raising a College of Industry, on the education of children
DL :
Board of Trade and Plantations founded in England
DL :
First Eng. property insurance company founded
VA :
Giambattista Tiepolo born 5 March
1697
M :
Alessandro Scarlatti : Opera, and La caduta dei Decemviri
PH :
Peter the Great, calling himself Peter Michailoff, sets out on a year-and-a-half journey to Prussia, Holland, England and Vienna to study European ways of life
PH :
Charles XI, King of Sweden, dies; succeeded by Charles XII
PH :
Augustus, Elector of Saxony, converted to Roman Catholicism, elected King of Poland in succession to Jan III
PH :
In Treaty of Ryswick: France recognises William III as King of England
PH :
China conquers western Mongolia
ED :
Pierre Bayle: Dictionnaire historique et critique, 2 vols
ED :
William Wotton: Reflections on Ancient and Modern Learning
DL :
Last remains of Maya civilisation destroyed by Spanish in Yucatan
RP :
Daniel Defoe: An Essay Upon Projects, recommending income tax
DL :
Sedan chair a popular means of transportation
DL :
Court of Versailles becomes model for European courts
DL :
Whitehall Palace, London, burns down
VA :
Giovanni Antonio Canal born 18 October
VA :
William Hogarth born 10 November
1698
PH :
Rebellion of Czar Peter's praetorian guard in Moscow; leaders executed
PH :
Elector Ernest August of Hanover dies; his eldest son George Louis, future King George I of England, becomes electoral prince
DL :
Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau introduces goose-stepping and iron ramrods in Prussian army
RP :
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) founded
ED :
Bibliotheca Casanatense founded in Rome
RP :
Algernon Sidney: Discourses Concerning Government (posth.)
DL :
The General Society (New East India Trading Company) founded in London
DL :
Paper manufacturing begins in N. America
DL :
Tax on beards in Russia
DL :
Mrs. White's Chocolate House opens in London, soon to become headquarters of Tory Party
1699
LT :
John Dryden: Fables
M :
Johann Pachelbel : Hexachordum Apollinis
six arias with variations for organ or harpsichord
VA :
Alexandre Francois Desportes : Self-Portrait as a Huntsman
PH :
Peace of Karlowitz signed by Austria, Russia, Poland and Venice with Turkey
PH :
Denmark and Russia sign mutual defence pact
PH :
Treaty of Preobrazhenskoe signed by Denmark, Russia, Poland, and Saxony for partition of Swed. empire
PH :
Christian V, King of Denmark, dies; succeeded by Frederick IV
RP :
Richard Bentley: Dissertation Upon the Epistles of Phalaris
RP :
Gilbert Burnet: Exposition of the Thirty-Nine Articles
ST :
William Dampier explores northwest coast of Australia
ST :
Pierre Lemoyne founds first European settlement in Louisianna, at Fort Maurepas
DL :
Billingsgate, London, becomes a market
DL :
Peter the Great decrees that New Year in Russia will begin on January 1 instead of September 1
VA :
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin born 2 November
1700
PH :
The Great Northern War
PH :
King Charles II of Spain dies, setting the stage for the War of the Spanish Succession
M :
Alessandro Scarlatti : Opera, Lesbina e Adolfo
LT :
Development of the Kabuki Theatre in Japan
RP :
Pope Innocent XII dies; Gian Francesco Albani becomes Pope Clement XI
DL :
Unmarried women taxed in Berlin
ED :
Berlin Academy of Science founded
M :
Joseph Saveur measures and explains vibrations of musical tones
LT :
John Dryden dies 30 April
1701
PH :
Act of Settlement in Britain. This settlement establishes the Hanoverian Monarchy
PH :
War of Spanish Succession
PH :
Prince Elector Frederick III of Brandenburg crowns himself Frederick I "King of Prussia"
ED :
University of Venice founded
ED :
Yale College founded
M :
Music publisher Henry Playford establishes a series of weekly concerts at Oxford
RP :
Father Francisco Ximénes translates sacred national book of the Quiché Indians of Guatemala, Popul Vah
RP :
Benjamin Whichcote: Several Discourses; Moral and Religious Aphorisms
ED :
Jeremy Collier: The Great historical, Geographical, Genealogical, and Political Dictionary 2 vols.
PH :
James II of England dies; Louis XIV recognises James Edward as King James III
