Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Pictures at an Exhibition
for piano (orchestrated later by Ravel and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Boris Godunov
(later revised by Rimsky)
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.4 'Romantic'
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, Carmen
VA :
Berthe Morisot : The Butterfly Chase
ST :
A.T. Still founds osteopathy
PH :
Alfonso XII, son of Queen Isabella, proclaimed King of Spain
DL :
Civil marriage is made compulsory in Germany
PH :
End of Ashanti war
RP :
Ernst Haeckel: Anthropogenie
DL :
First American zoo established in Philadelphia
VA :
First impressionist exhibition
RP :
Henry Sidgwick: Methods of Ethics
M :
Paris Opéra completed
DL :
Pressure-cooking methods for canning foods introduced
DL :
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children founded in New York
ST :
Streptococci and staphylococci discovered
PH :
Swiss Constitution revised
DL :
Tennis introduced to the U.S.
DL :
Union Générale des Postes established in Berne, Switzerland
LT :
Robert Frost born 26 March
M :
Arnold Schoenberg born 13 September
M :
Gustav Holst born 21 September
M :
Charles Ives born 20 October
1875
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Queen Mary
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Floor Strippers
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.3, 'Polish'
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Piano Concerto
No.1
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Trial by Jury
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Piano Concerto
No.4
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song-cycle, Songs and Dances of Death
(plus additional song, 'The Field Marshal', in 1877)
M :
Edvard Grieg : Incidental music
to the play Peer Gynt
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Strings
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.5
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Der Makkabäer
('The Maccabees')
VA :
Claude Monet : Woman with a Parasol
VA :
Berthe Morisot : A Woman at her Toilette
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Young Woman with a Veil
ST :
Element gallium discovered
RP :
Emile Laveleye: Le Protestantisme et le Catholicisme
DL :
First roller-skating rink opens in London
DL :
First swim across English Channel - Captain Matthew Webb
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann: Troy and Its Remains
PH :
Japanese courts of law are reformed
PH :
Kwang Hsu becomes Emperor of China
ED :
London Medical School for Women founded
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy: Science and Health
DL :
Public Health Act is passed in Britain
PH :
Rebellion in Cuba
RP :
Religious orders abolished in Prussia
PH :
Risings in Bosnia and Herzegovina against Turk. rule
VA :
The "Hermes" of Praxiteles found at Olympia, Greece
RP :
Theosophical Society founded by Helena Blavatsky
VA :
Jean-François Millet dies 20 January
VA :
Camille Corot dies 22 February
M :
Maurice Ravel born 7 March
M :
Georges Bizet dies 3 June
1876
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Star
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Hand of Ethelberta
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Fatinitza
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Mirror of Venus
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Marche Slave
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky :
Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphonic fantasy, Francesca da Rimini
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Ballet, Swan Lake
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.1 ('From My Life')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Quintet
for piano and wind instruments
M :
Edvard Grieg : Ballade
in G-minor
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.5
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, Sylvia
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.1
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Ball at the Moulin de la Galette
VA :
John William Waterhouse : After The Dance
ST :
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
ST :
Anthrax bacillus discovered
M :
Bayreuth Festspielhaus opens with first complete performance of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen
DL :
Deutsche Richsbank opens
RP :
F.H. Bradley: Ethical Studies
DL :
First Chin. railroad is completed
DL :
First tennis tournament in U.S.
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann excavates Mycenae
ED :
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, opens
PH :
Korea becomes an independent nation
RP :
Lombroso: The Criminal
PH :
Montenegro declares war on Turkey
PH :
Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Sultan Abdul Aziz deposed in May; his successor, Murad V, deposed in August and succeeded by Abdul Hamid II
DL :
World Exhibition at Philadelphia
VA :
Second Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Manuel de Falla born 23 November
1877
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper born
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : Street in Paris: A Rainy Day
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Sorcerer
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Ballad,
'The Lost Chord'
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Opera, Samson and Delilah
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Stabat Mater
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphonic Variations
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.2
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti : A Sea Spell
DL :
"Blue Cross" Founded to fight alcoholism by Swiss theologian Louis Lucien Rochet
ST :
Canals on Mars observed by Giovanni Schiaparelli
ST :
Edison invents phonograph
DL :
Famine in Bengal
PH :
First Kaffir War
DL :
First public telephones (U.S.)
RP :
J.C.F. Zöllner: Treatise of Spiritualism
ST :
Lord Rayleigh: Treatise on Sound
ST :
Oxygen liquefied
DL :
Patent Protection Law enacted in Germany
PH :
Porfirio Diaz- President of Mexico
PH :
Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India
PH :
Russia declares war on Turkey and invades Rumania; Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Satsuma revolt in Japan suppressed
VA :
Third impressionist exhibition, Paris
VA :
Third Impressionist Exhibition
VA :
Raoul Dufy born
VA :
Frank E. Schoonover born
VA :
Gustave Courbet dies 31 December
1878
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Return of the Native
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Orange Trees
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.2
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.4
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Opera, Eugene Onegin
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, H.M.S. Pinafore
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Wind Instruments
M :
Antonin Dvorák :
Slavonic Dances, first series
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Violin Concerto in D
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Piano Concerto
in F-minor
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee : Miranda
M :
A. W. Ambros: Geschichte der Musik
PH :
Anti-Socialist Law enacted in Germany
DL :
Bicycle Touring Club founded in England
DL :
C.I.D., New Scotland Yard, established in London
RP :
Charles Pierce: How to Make Our Ideas Clear (Philosophy of Pragmatism)
VA :
Cleopatra's Needle is moved to London
DL :
Deutscher Fussballverein, Hanover, founded
DL :
Electric street lighting is introduced in London
DL :
First European crematorium established at Gotha, Germany
DL :
First bicycles manufactured in America
M :
George Grove begins Dictionary of Music and Musicians
RP :
George Romanes: A Candid Examination of Theism
RP :
German historian Heinrich Treitschke begins racial anti-Semite movement, and Berlin court preacher Adolf Stoecker founds Christlich-Soziale Arbeiterpartei
PH :
Greece declares war on Turkey
ST :
Iodoform first used as an antiseptic
DL :
Karl Benz builds motorised tricycle with top speed of seven miles per hour
ST :
Microphone invented
DL :
Paris World Exhibition
RP :
Pope Pius IX dies; Cardinal Count Pecci succeeds as Leo XIII
DL :
Repeater rifle produced
PH :
Turk-Russ. armistice signed
PH :
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy dies; succeeded by his son Humbert I
ED :
W.E. Lecky: History of England in the Eighteenth Century
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny dies 19 February
VA :
Malevich born
M :
Franz Schreker born 23 March
LT :
John Masefield born 1 June
LT :
William Cullen Bryant dies 12 June
1879
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Cup of Tea
VA :
Mary Cassatt : At the Opera
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Boccaccio
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Pirates of Penzance
M :
Bedrich Smetana :
Cycle of symphonic poems, collectively entitled Má Vlast ('My Fatherland')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, May Night
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky :
'The Song of the Flea'
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.1
VA :
Edouard Manet : In the Conservatory
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Irene Cahen d'Anvers
RP :
A.J. Balfour: Defence of Philosophic Doubt
PH :
Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria
RP :
Anti-Jesuit Laws introduced in France
DL :
Brit. churchman W. L. Blackly proposes a scheme for old-age pensions
ST :
First electric tram exhibited at Berlin Trade Exhibition
RP :
Henry George: Progress and Poverty
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Principles of Ethics
PH :
Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, deposed; succeeded by Tewfik
DL :
London's first telephone exchange established
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy becomes pastor of Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston
PH :
Peace signed with Zulu chiefs
RP :
Robert Giffen: Essay on Finance
ST :
Saccharin discovered
ST :
Scandium discovered
DL :
The public granted unrestricted admission to the British Museum
PH :
Treaty of Gandamak
ED :
Treitschke: History of Germany in the XIXth Century
VA :
Fourth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Ottorino Respighi born 9 July
LT :
Wallace Stevens born 2 October
VA :
Paul Klee born
1880
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : Dancers in Pink
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Ballads and Other Poems
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Trumpet-Major
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Lydia in a Loge Wearing a Pearl Necklace
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : View Across a Balcony
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : Phèdre
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Golden Stairs
M :
Jules Massenet : Oratorio, La Vierge
('The Virgin')
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Scottish Fantasia
for violin and orchestra
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Temptation
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Serenade for Strings
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Capriccio Italien
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture, 1812
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Roses from the South
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin concerto
No.3
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Opera, Les Contes d'Hoffmann
('The Tales of Hoffmann'); orchestration completed posthumously by Ernest Guiraud
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Sorochintsky Fair
(completed by Anatol Lyadov and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Khovanshchina
(completed by Rimsky)
M :
Gustav Mahler :
Starts on song settings Des Knaben Wunderhorn ('Youth's Magic Horn')
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Violin Concerto
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.6
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Jean de Nivelle
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : In the Steppes of Central Asia
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Academic Festival and Tragic overtures
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Kupets Kalashnikov
('The Merchant Kalashnikov')
VA :
Alfred Sisley : The Chemin de By through Woods at Roches-Coutaut:
DL :
Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores
ST :
Chicken cholera vaccine developed by Pasteur
ST :
First practical electric lights devised
RP :
John Claird: Philosophy of Religion
M :
London Guildhall School of Music founded
ST :
Malarial parasite discovered
DL :
New York streets are first lit by electricity
PH :
Pacific War: Chile against Bolivia and Peru
DL :
Parcel post introduced in England
PH :
Transvaal declares itself independent of Britain
DL :
World Exhibition takes place in Melbourne
VA :
Fifth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Jacques Offenbach dies 5 October
1881
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Cup
LT :
Christina Rossetti: A Pageant and Other Poems
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The King’s Tragedy and Ballads and Sonnets with The House of Life
LT :
Thomas Hardy: A Laodicean
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Dance Class
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Hérodiade
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Kol Nidrei
Adagio on Hebrew melodies, for cello and orchestra
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Patience
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin Sonata
No.1
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Snow Maiden
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Norwegian Dances for piano duet
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.6
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Ballade
for piano and orchestra
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Pièces pittoresques
('Picturesque Pieces') for piano
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Concerto No.2
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : At the Tepidarium
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Luncheon of the Boating Party
PH :
Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance
LT :
D'Oyly Carte builds the Savoy Theatre, London
RP :
Edward Tylor: Anthropology
DL :
Flogging abolished in Brit. Army and Navy
DL :
Freedom of press established in France
PH :
President Garfield is shot and killed in Sept. and succeeded by Chester Arthur GO !
ED :
Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, opened
RP :
Persecution of Jews in Russia
PH :
Political parties founded in Japan
DL :
The first of all cabarets, "Chat Noir", Paris, founded
PH :
Treaty of Pretoria: Britain recognises independent Transvaal Republic
ED :
University College, Liverpool, founded
ED :
Vatican archives opened to scholars
VA :
Sixth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Béla Bartók born 25 March
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky dies 28 March
VA :
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso born
1882
LT :
Walt Whitman: Specimen Days and Collect
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Two on a Tower
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Girl Sewing
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Evening Mood
M :
Richard Wagner : Music drama, Parsifal
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Iolanthe
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, La Rédemption
M :
Léo Delibes : Incidental music
to Victor Hugo's play Le Roi s'amuse, ('The King's Pleasure')
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Prelude and Fugue in G major
VA :
Edouard Manet : Bar at the Folies-Bergere
DL :
Bank of Japan founded
M :
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra founded
RP :
Besant: All Sorts and Conditions of Men
ED :
Charles University, Prague, divided into Ger. and Czech institutions
ST :
Edison designs first hydroelectric plant in Wisconsin
RP :
Leslie Stephen: Science of Ethics
DL :
London Chamber of Commerce established
RP :
Nietzche: Die fröliche Wissenschaft
PH :
Prince Milan Obrenovich of Serbia proclaims himself king
DL :
Queen Victoria gives Epping Forest to the nation
DL :
Recoil-operated machine gun patented
PH :
Triple Alliance between Italy, Austria, and Germany
DL :
U.S. bans Chinese immigrants for 10 years
RP :
Viennese physician Joseph Breuer uses hypnosis to treat hysteria (beginnings of psychoanalysis)
DL :
World Exhibition in Moscow
VA :
Seventh Impressionist Exhibition
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Georges Braque born
M :
Igor Stravinsky born 17 June
VA :
Edward Hopper born in New York
VA :
Newell Convers Wyeth born
M :
Zoltán Kodály born 16 December
1883
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Eine Nacht in Venedig
('A Night in Venice')
M :
Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.1
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.7
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Scherzo Capriccioso
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Lakmé
(including the famous 'Flower Duet' and the 'Bell Song')
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Rhapsody España
for orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.3
DL :
Bismarck introduces sickness insurance in Germany
DL :
Brooklyn Bridge, New York, opened to traffic
RP :
F. H. Bradley: The Principles of Logic
RP :
Fabian Society founded in London
ST :
First skyscraper built in Chicago, 10 stories
RP :
Jr. R. Seeley: The Expansion of England
RP :
Lester War: Dynamic Sociology
M :
Metropolitan Opera House, New York, founded
RP :
Nietzche: Thus Spake Zarathustra
DL :
Orient Express Paris- Istanbul makes its first run
PH :
Paul Kruger - President of South African Republic
ST :
Robert Kock describes a method of preventive inoculation against anthrax
M :
Royal College of Music, London, founded
ST :
Synthetic fibre produced
DL :
U.S. Civil Service reforms begin
DL :
U.S. frontiersman W. F Cody ("Buffalo Bill") organises his "Wild West Show"
DL :
World Exhibition opens in Amsterdam
M :
Richard Wagner dies 13 February
VA :
Edouard Manet dies 30 April
M :
Sir George Dyson born 28 May
M :
Edgard Varèse born 22 December
1884
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Manon
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Princess Ida
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Le villi
M :
Gustav Mahler : Song-cycle, Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen
('Songs of a Wayfarer')
M :
Edvard Grieg :
'Butterfly' and 'To the Spring' from Lyric Pieces, Book 3
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Holberg Suite
M :
Anton Bruckner : Te Deum
for chorus and orchestra
VA :
Georges Seurat : Bathing at Asnieres
DL :
Le Matin, Paris, issued
PH :
Berlin Conference of 14 nations on African affairs
DL :
Divorce re-established in France
ST :
Electrical precipitation discovered
DL :
First deep tube (underground railroad), London
ST :
First practical steam turbine engine invented
PH :
Fr. Law excludes members of former dynasties from presidency
DL :
Gold discovered in the Transvaal, rise of Johannesburg
RP :
Herbert Spencer: The Man versus the State
ST :
Ilya Mechinikov: Theory of Phagocytes
RP :
Kropotkin: Paroles du'un revolte
PH :
London Convention on Transvaal
ED :
Oxford English Dictionary begins publication
ST :
Tetanus bacillus discovered
M :
Bedrich Smetana dies 12 May
LT :
Gerard Manley Hopkins born 28 July
LT :
Sara Teasdale born 8 August
1885
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Tiresias and Other Poems
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Time Flies
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Sisters
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Le Cid
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Cantata, Achilleus
for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Manfred Symphony
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Mikado
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Der Zigeunerbaron
('The Gypsy Baron')
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Petite Symphonie
for wind instruments
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, Mors et Vita
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.7
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Opera, Gwendoline
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.4
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : A Tale from Homer
ED :
Albert Sorel: Europe and the French Revolution
DL :
First Leipzig Fair
PH :
Grover Cleveland inaugurated as President of the U.S. GO !
RP :
Henry Maine: Popular Government
DL :
John M. Fox introduces golf to America
RP :
Karl Marx: Das Kapital, vol 2 (posth.)
PH :
King Alfonso XII of Spain dies; Queen Maria Christina becomes regent
ST :
Pasteur devises a rabies vaccine to cure hydrophobia
ST :
Sir Francis Galton prove the individuality of fingerprints
RP :
The Mormons split into polygamous and monogamous sections
RP :
Tolstoi: My Religion
M :
Alban Berg born 9 February
M :
Domenico Scarlatti born 26 October
1886
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Locksley Hall Sixty Years After
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Mayor of Casterbridge
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Tub
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Child at Bath
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Otello
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Cantata, The Golden Legend
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Wedding Cake Caprice
caprice for piano and strings
William Turner Walton : Film Score, The First of the Few
M :
Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.2
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Ode to Napoleon,
for speaker and chamber ensemble
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Piano Concerto
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Sonata
No.7
M :
Carl Orff : Opera, Die Kluge
('The Clever Woman')
M :
Aaron Copland : A Lincoln Portrait
for speaker and orchestra
M :
Aaron Copland : Ballet, Rodeo
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Symphony
No.1, 'Jeremiah'
M :
Benjamin Britten : A Ceremony of Carols
PH :
Declaration of United Nations signed in Washington on 1 January GO !
PH :
Nazi leaders attend Wannsee Conference to coordinate the "final solution to the Jewish question", the systematic genocide of Jews known as the Holocaust
ST :
Enrico Fermi achieves nuclear chain reaction
DL :
More than 120,000 Japanese and persons of Japanese ancestry living in western U.S. moved to "relocation centers", some for the duration of the war
PH :
Haiti withdraws from the League of Nations
1943
LT :
Robert Graves: Wife to Mr Milton
LT :
T S Eliot: Four Quartets
M :
John Cage : Tosses as it Is Untroubled
for prepared piano
M :
Paul Hindemith : Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes of Carl Maria von Weber
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.5
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Concierto heroíco
for piano and orchestra
M :
Carl Orff : Cantata, Catulli Carmina
('Songs of Catullus')
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Ballet, Fancy Free
M :
Béla Bartók : Concerto
for Orchestra
M :
Benjamin Britten : Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
PH :
Mussolini deposed
PH :
U.S. President freezes prices, salaries, and wages to prevent inflation
DL :
Income tax withholding introduced in U.S.
PH :
14-24 January - Casablanca Conference: Churchill and Roosevelt meet, Stalin declines
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov dies 28 March
1944
LT :
Marianne Moore: Nevertheless
LT :
ee cummings: 1 x 1
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: For the Time Being and The Sea and the Mirror
M :
John Cage : A Book of Music
for two prepared pianos
M :
John Cage : Perilous Night
for prepared piano
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : The Harmony of Morning
for Female Chorus and Small Orchestra
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : Symphony
No.1
M :
William Turner Walton : Film Score, Henry V
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Sonata
No.2
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, Cinderella
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Sonata
No.8
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Symphony
No.5
M :
Darius Milhaud : Symphony
No.2
M :
Aaron Copland : Ballet, Appalachian Spring
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Musical, On The Town
PH :
Bretton Woods Conference creates International Monetary Fund and World Bank
PH :
Dumbarton Oaks Conference—U.S., British Commonwealth, and U.S.S.R. propose establishment of United Nations
VA :
Edvard Munch dies 23 January
VA :
Wassily Kandinsky dies
1945
ST :
First electronic computer (ENIAC) built
LT :
Robert Frost: A Masque of Reason
M :
John Cage : Three Dances
for two prepared pianos
M :
Pierre Boulez : Douze Notations
M :
Paul Hindemith : Piano Concerto
M :
Richard Strauss : Metamorphosen,
for strings
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.9
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Film Score, Ivan the Terrible
M :
Francis Poulenc : L'histoire de Babar
for narrator and piano
M :
Carl Orff : Die Bernauerin
('Bernauer's Wife'), for voices and orchestra
M :
Darius Milhaud : Suite française
M :
Samuel Barber : Cello Concerto
M :
Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.3
M :
Benjamin Britten : Opera, Peter Grimes
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Ebony Concerto
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Symphony
in Three Movements
M :
Tomaso Albinoni :
Adagio in G minor (arranged by Remo Giazotto)
PH :
FDR dies on 12 April; Harry Truman becomes president GO !
PH :
Hitler commits suicide 30 April
PH :
Germany surrenders 7 May; V-E Day declared 8 May
PH :
U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima (6 Aug. ) and Nagasaki (9 Aug.)
M :
Pietro Mascagni dies 24 August
PH :
Japan signs official surrender on 2 September : V-J Day GO !
Witold Lutoslawski : Dance Preludes
for clarinet and piano
M :
Witold Lutoslawski : Concerto
for orchestra
M :
Milton Byron Babbitt : String Quartets
No.1 and No.2
M :
William Turner Walton : Opera, Troilus and Cressida
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Fantasía para un gentilhombre
('Fantasia for a Gentleman'), for guitar and orchestra
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Concierto serenata
for harp and orchestra
M :
Aaron Copland : Opera, The Tender Land
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Film music, On the Waterfront
M :
Benjamin Britten : Opera, The Turn of the Screw
PH :
Soviet Union grants sovereignty to East Germany
PH :
Dien Bien Phu, French military outpost in Vietnam, falls to Vietminh army
DL :
U.S. Supreme Court (in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) unanimously bans racial segregation in public schools GO !
PH :
Eisenhower launches world atomic pool without Soviet Union
PH :
Eight-nation Southeast Asia defence treaty (SEATO) signed at Manila GO !
DL :
Dr. Jonas Salk starts inoculating children against polio
PH :
Algerian War of Independence against France begins
M :
Charles Ives dies 19 May
VA :
Henri Matisse dies
1955
DL :
Disneyland opens
PH :
Warsaw Pact signed
DL :
McDonald's corporation founded
LT :
Walter de la Mare: A Beginning, and Other Stories
LT :
Robert Graves: The Greek Myths
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Oiseaux exotiques
for piano, wind and percussion
M :
William Turner Walton : Film Score, Richard III
PH :
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sri Lanka admitted to the United Nations
PH :
Nikolai A. Bulganin becomes Soviet premier, replacing Malenkov
PH :
Churchill resigns; Anthony Eden succeeds him
PH :
West Germany becomes a sovereign state
PH :
Western European Union (WEU) comes into being
PH :
Argentina ousts Perón
DL :
Rosa Parks refuses to sit at the back of the bus :
Martin Luther King, Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery, Ala., bus system (1 Dec.); desegregated service begins 21 Dec. 1956
LT :
Wallace Stevens dies 2 August
M :
Arthur Honegger dies 27 November
1956
PH :
Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier III of Monaco
PH :
Workers' uprising against Communist rule in Poznan, Poland, is crushed in June; rebellion inspires Hungarian students to stage a protest against Communism in Budapest in Oct. Hungarian rebellion forces Soviet troops to withdraw from Budapest in Oct.
DL :
T.V. remote control invented
LT :
Richard Wilbur: Things of This World
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen : Gesang der Junglinge
(electronic work)
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen : Zeitmasse
M :
John Cage : Music for Piano
(nos 1-84)
M :
Edgard Varèse : Good Friday Procession in Verges
M :
Elliott Cook Carter :
Variations for Orchestra
M :
Ernst Toch : Third Symphony
M :
William Turner Walton : Cello Concerto
M :
Francis Poulenc : Flute Sonata
M :
Francis Poulenc : Opera, Dialogues des carmélites
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Opera, Candide
PH :
Japan, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia admitted to the United Nations
PH :
Egypt takes control of Suez Canal in July, Israel launches attack on Egypt's Sinai
peninsula and drives toward Suez Canal in Oct., British and French invade Port Said
on the Suez Canal on 5 Nov., Cease-fire forced by U.S. pressure stops British, French, and Israeli advance 6 Nov.
PH :
Imre Nagy announces Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw Pact; Soviet troops enter and reclaim Budapest in Nov.
PH :
Morocco gains independence
LT :
Walter de la Mare dies 22 June
1957
PH :
European Economic Community established
ST :
Soviet satellite Sputnik launches "Space Age"
LT :
Theodore Roethke: The Exorcism
LT :
Howard Nemerov: Homecoming Game
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen : Gruppen
M :
Pierre Boulez : Sonata
No.3
M :
Harrison Birtwistle : Refrains and Choruses
for wind quintet
M :
Paul Hindemith : Opera, Die Harmonie der Welt
M :
Ernst Bacon : Elegy
M :
Ernst Bacon :
Great River Symphony
M :
Ernst Bacon : Concerto Grosso
M :
Milton Byron Babbitt : All Set
for jazz ensemble
M :
William Turner Walton : Partita
for orchestra
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Piano Concerto
No.2
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.11, 'The Year 1905'
M :
Samuel Barber : Opera, Vanessa
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Musical, West Side Story
M :
Benjamin Britten : Opera, Noye's Fludde
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Agon
M :
Stephen Sondheim : Lyrics, West Side Story
PH :
Eisenhower Doctrine calls for aid to Mideast countries which resist armed aggression from Communist-controlled nations
DL :
Little Rock, Arkansas, school integration crisis
PH :
Ghana and Malaysia admitted to the United Nations
M :
Jean Sibelius dies 20 September
1958
ST :
NASA founded
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper dies
LT :
Theodore Roethke: Words for the Wind
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: J.B.
LT :
T S Eliot: The Elder Statesman
LT :
ee cummings: 95 Poems
M :
John Cage : Aria
for solo voice
M :
Pierre Boulez : Figure-Double-Prisme
M :
Edgard Varèse : Poème électronique
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Catalogue d'oiseaux
for piano
M :
Witold Lutoslawski : Funeral Music
for strings
PH :
Egypt and Syria merge into United Arab Republic
PH :
Khrushchev becomes premier of Soviet Union as Bulganin resigns
PH :
Eisenhower orders U.S. Marines into Lebanon at request of President Chamoun, who fears overthrow
PH :
New French constitution adopted 28 Sept., de Gaulle elected president of 5th Republic
