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Matilda
(1102 - 1169)

1102

PH : Boleslav III, Duke of Poland

1103

PH : Magnus III of Norway invades Ireland and is killed
PH : Public Peace of Mainz for the Holy Roman Empire

1105

PH : Henry IV is captured by his son and abdicates
DL : Colonisation of eastern Germany begins

1106

PH : Henry IV dies; succeeded by Henry V, the last Salic emperor

1107

PH : Edgar of Scotland dies; succeeded by his brother Alexander I

1108

PH : Philip I of France dies; succeeded by Louis VI

1109

PH : Anglo-French war

1110

LT : Earliest record of a miracle play, Dunstable, England

1111

PH : Henry V crowned emperor in Rome

1112

PH : Henry V excommunicated by the Synod of Vienne

1113

PH : Balearic Islands conquered by Pisa
PH : Vladimir II Monomakh, Grand Duke of Kiev
ED : "Leges Henrici" codified
RP : Order of Knights Hospitalers of St. John, Jerusalem, founded
RP : St. Bernard joins the Cistercian Order

1115

PH : Stephen II, King of Hungary
PH : State of Chin established in northern China
PH : Florence becomes free republic
RP : Founding of Clairvaux with St. Bernard as first abbot

1118

PH : John II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor
RP : Pope Galasius II

1119

PH : Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
RP : Pope Calixtus II, a Burgundian monk
ED : Bologna University founded

1120

PH : Peace between Henry I of England and Louis VI of France
PH : Disaster of the "White Ship"; the only legitimate son of Henry I of England drowned off Harfleur
RP : Full development of Scholastic philosophy
DL : The Chinese may have invented playing cards

1121

PH : The Ger. princes meet at Würzburg to work out a compromise between the pope and Emperor Henry V
RP : The Synod of Soissons condemns Abelard's teachings on the Trinity

1122

PH : The Byzantines exterminate Patzinak Turks
PH : Henry I creates earldom of Gloucester for his illegitimate son Robert of Caen
RP : Concordat of Worms settles investiture question

1123

PH : The Byzantine Emperor John II defeats Serbs
RP : First Lateran Council suppresses simony and marriage of priest
DL : Founding of St. Bartholomew's hospital, London

1124

PH : Alexander I of Scotland dies; suceeded by David I
PH : The Emperor John II defeats Hungarians
RP : William of Malmesbury: On the Antiquity of the Church of Glastonbury
RP : Pope Honorius II
DL : First Scottish coinage struck

1125

PH : Henry V dies; succeeded by Lothar of Saxony as king
ED : Tarnenari: O-Kagami, Japanese history
M : Beginning of troubadour and trouvère music in France
ST : Alexander Neckam: De utensilibus (earliest account of mariner's compass)

1126

PH : The Eng. barons accept Matilda, widow of Emperor Henry V and daughter of Henry I of England, as successor to Henry I    GO !
PH : Lothar III makes his son-in-law Henry the Proud (Welf) Duke of Bavaria, and (from 1137) Duke of Saxony
DL : Venetian commercial privileges in Byzantine Empire renewed

1128

PH : Alfonso I, King of Portugal
RP : Order of the Templars recognised by the pope
RP : Abbey of Holyrood founded by David I of Scotland

1130

PH : Roger II crowned King of Sicily at Palermo
RP : Pope Innocent I
RP : Anaceltus II, antipope; a distinguished scholar and diplomat, he is canonically more acceptable than Innocent II but fails to get secular backing because he is the son of a rich, converted Jew, founder of the influential Pierleani family

1132

DL : Henry I of France grants charters of corporate towns protecting commerce and industry

1133

PH : Lothar III crowned emperor by Pope Innocent II
RP : Diocese of Carlisle founded
DL : St. Bartholomew's Fair, Smithfield, London (until 1855)

1134

PH : The Emperor Lothar III invests Albert the Bear with the Nordmark

1135

PH : King Conrad, Frederick of Swabia, the King of Denmark, and the Duke of Poland submit to Lothar III
PH : King Henry I of England dies; succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Boulogne, a grandson of William the Conqueror    GO !
PH : Foundation of the Italian line of the House of Este

1136

PH : Matilda asserts her right to the Eng. throne
LT : Abelard: Historia calamitatum mearum, description of his love affair with Héloise

1137

PH : Gruffydd, Prince of North Wales, dies; succeeded by Owain the Great
PH : Louise VI of France dies; succeeded by Louis VII
PH : The Emperor Lothar III dies
PH : Antioch becomes a vassal to Byzantium
RP : Creation of bishopric of Aberdeen

1138

PH : Conrad III elected king, first of the Hohenstaufen line
PH : Boleslav III of Poland dies after dividing his realm among his five sons
RP : Pretended Messiah appears in France and Persia

1139

PH : Matilda lands at Arundel: civil war in England    GO !
PH : Bavaria falls to Austria
RP : Second Lateran Council ends schism
RP : Decretum Gratiani, summary of Eng. ecclesiastical law

1140

PH : Vladislav II of Bohemia
RP : Council of Sens condemns the heresies of Abelard

1141

PH : Matilda proclaimed queen at Winchester
PH : Geza II, King of Hungary

1143

PH : Manuel I, Byzantine Emperor
RP : Pope Celestine II
DL : Founding of Lübeck

1144

PH : The Seljuks take Edessa
PH : Republican regime established in Rome under Arnold of Brescia
RP : Pope Lucius II
ST : Robert of Chester: Liber de Compositione Alchemiae

1145

RP : Pope Eugene III
PH : Second Crusade proclaimed
DL : Bridge over Danube at Ratisbon completed

1146

PH : Nureddin, Sultan of Syria
ST : Antidotarium Niclai, a treatise on drugs

1147

PH : Crusaders perish in Asia Minor; failure of the Second Crusade
ED : Geoffrey of Monmouth: Historia regum Britanniae
DL : Moscow mentioned for the first time

1150

PH : Albert the Bear inherits Brandenburg
PH : Eric the Saint, King of Sweden
PH : Alauddin Husain, Sultan of Ghor, destroys the empire of Ghazni
ED : Founding of Paris University
LT : The Black book of Carmarthen, oldest Welsh manuscript
M : Troubadour music in southern France becomes organised
ED : Medical faculty at Bologna University
DL : Arabs in Spain manufacture paper

1151

PH : Geoffrey Plantagenet of Anjou dies; succeeded by Henry, his son by Matilda of England
RP : Simon Darschan: Jalkut, Jewish commentaries to the Old Testament
VA : The Golden Age of Buddhist art in Burma
M : New dance forms develop in Europe
ST : "Civitas Hippocratica" founded by 20 Salerno physicians
DL : The first fire and plague insurance (in Iceland)
DL : The game of chess arrives in England
DL : The Chinese use explosives in warfare

1152

PH : Conrad III dies and his nephew Frederick II Barbarossa becomes king
PH : Louis VII divorces his queen, Eleanor, who marries Henry of Anjou, afterward King of England
M : Ladies' strophes, the earliest Ger. "Minnelieder"

1153

PH : David I of Scotland dies; succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV
RP : Pope Anastasius IV

1154

PH : Stephen dies; Henry II, King of England; from now till 1485 the House of Plantagenet rules England    GO !
RP : Pope Hadrian IV, Nicholas Breakspeare, the only Eng. pope
ST : Mohammed al-Idrisi: Geography, published at Palermo

1155

PH : Pope Hadrian IV bestows Ireland on Henry II
PH : Henry II abolishes fiscal earldoms and restores royal demesne
RP : Carmelite Order founded

1156

PH : War of the Jap. clans Taira and Minamoto
PH : Austria made a duchy with special privileges

1157

PH : Eric of Sweden conquers Finland

1158

PH : Frederick Barbarossa makes Vladislav II King of Bohemia
DL : Munich becomes centre of salt trade

1159

RP : The great Pope Alexander III

1160

M : Perotinus Magister (Pérotin) born
PH : Normans expelled from North Africa
LT : Tristan et Iseult, Celtic epic by Beroul and Thomas

1162

PH : Frederick Barbarossa destroys Milan
RP : Thomas à Becket elected Archbishop of Canterbury

1163

M : Magister Leoninus (Léonin) born
PH : Quarrel starts between Henry II and Thomas à Becket

1164

PH : Becket flees to France
LT : Gautier d'Arras: Eracle

1165

PH : Malcolm IV dies; succeeded by his brother William the Lion
PH : Byzantium allies with Venice against the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa

1166

M : The Song of Canute, Eng. ballad by a monk of Ely
DL : Assize of Clarendon orders erection of jails in all Eng. counties and boroughs

1167

PH : Frederick Barbarossa crowned emperor
ED : Oxford University founded

1168

DL : Milan rebuilt
PH : Bogolubsky sacks Kiev and assumes title of Grand Prince
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