Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Pictures at an Exhibition
for piano (orchestrated later by Ravel and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Boris Godunov
(later revised by Rimsky)
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.4 'Romantic'
M :
Georges Bizet : Opera, Carmen
VA :
Berthe Morisot : The Butterfly Chase
ST :
A.T. Still founds osteopathy
PH :
Alfonso XII, son of Queen Isabella, proclaimed King of Spain
DL :
Civil marriage is made compulsory in Germany
PH :
End of Ashanti war
RP :
Ernst Haeckel: Anthropogenie
DL :
First American zoo established in Philadelphia
VA :
First impressionist exhibition
RP :
Henry Sidgwick: Methods of Ethics
M :
Paris Opéra completed
DL :
Pressure-cooking methods for canning foods introduced
DL :
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children founded in New York
ST :
Streptococci and staphylococci discovered
PH :
Swiss Constitution revised
DL :
Tennis introduced to the U.S.
DL :
Union Générale des Postes established in Berne, Switzerland
LT :
Robert Frost born 26 March
M :
Arnold Schoenberg born 13 September
M :
Gustav Holst born 21 September
M :
Charles Ives born 20 October
1875
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Queen Mary
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Floor Strippers
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.3, 'Polish'
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Piano Concerto
No.1
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Trial by Jury
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Piano Concerto
No.4
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Song-cycle, Songs and Dances of Death
(plus additional song, 'The Field Marshal', in 1877)
M :
Edvard Grieg : Incidental music
to the play Peer Gynt
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Strings
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.5
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Der Makkabäer
('The Maccabees')
VA :
Claude Monet : Woman with a Parasol
VA :
Berthe Morisot : A Woman at her Toilette
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Young Woman with a Veil
ST :
Element gallium discovered
RP :
Emile Laveleye: Le Protestantisme et le Catholicisme
DL :
First roller-skating rink opens in London
DL :
First swim across English Channel - Captain Matthew Webb
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann: Troy and Its Remains
PH :
Japanese courts of law are reformed
PH :
Kwang Hsu becomes Emperor of China
ED :
London Medical School for Women founded
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy: Science and Health
DL :
Public Health Act is passed in Britain
PH :
Rebellion in Cuba
RP :
Religious orders abolished in Prussia
PH :
Risings in Bosnia and Herzegovina against Turk. rule
VA :
The "Hermes" of Praxiteles found at Olympia, Greece
RP :
Theosophical Society founded by Helena Blavatsky
VA :
Jean-François Millet dies 20 January
VA :
Camille Corot dies 22 February
M :
Maurice Ravel born 7 March
M :
Georges Bizet dies 3 June
1876
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Star
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Hand of Ethelberta
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Fatinitza
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Mirror of Venus
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Marche Slave
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky :
Variations on a Rococo Theme for cello and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphonic fantasy, Francesca da Rimini
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Ballet, Swan Lake
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.1 ('From My Life')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Quintet
for piano and wind instruments
M :
Edvard Grieg : Ballade
in G-minor
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.5
M :
Léo Delibes : Ballet, Sylvia
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : Symphony
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.1
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Ball at the Moulin de la Galette
VA :
John William Waterhouse : After The Dance
ST :
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
ST :
Anthrax bacillus discovered
M :
Bayreuth Festspielhaus opens with first complete performance of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen
DL :
Deutsche Richsbank opens
RP :
F.H. Bradley: Ethical Studies
DL :
First Chin. railroad is completed
DL :
First tennis tournament in U.S.
ED :
Heinrich Schliemann excavates Mycenae
ED :
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, opens
PH :
Korea becomes an independent nation
RP :
Lombroso: The Criminal
PH :
Montenegro declares war on Turkey
PH :
Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Sultan Abdul Aziz deposed in May; his successor, Murad V, deposed in August and succeeded by Abdul Hamid II
DL :
World Exhibition at Philadelphia
VA :
Second Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Manuel de Falla born 23 November
1877
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper born
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : Street in Paris: A Rainy Day
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Sorcerer
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Ballad,
'The Lost Chord'
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Opera, Samson and Delilah
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Stabat Mater
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphonic Variations
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.2
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti : A Sea Spell
DL :
"Blue Cross" Founded to fight alcoholism by Swiss theologian Louis Lucien Rochet
ST :
Canals on Mars observed by Giovanni Schiaparelli
ST :
Edison invents phonograph
DL :
Famine in Bengal
PH :
First Kaffir War
DL :
First public telephones (U.S.)
RP :
J.C.F. Zöllner: Treatise of Spiritualism
ST :
Lord Rayleigh: Treatise on Sound
ST :
Oxygen liquefied
DL :
Patent Protection Law enacted in Germany
PH :
Porfirio Diaz- President of Mexico
PH :
Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India
PH :
Russia declares war on Turkey and invades Rumania; Serbia declares war on Turkey
PH :
Satsuma revolt in Japan suppressed
VA :
Third impressionist exhibition, Paris
VA :
Third Impressionist Exhibition
VA :
Raoul Dufy born
VA :
Frank E. Schoonover born
VA :
Gustave Courbet dies 31 December
1878
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Return of the Native
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : The Orange Trees
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Violin Concerto
No.2
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Violin Concerto
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Symphony
No.4
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Opera, Eugene Onegin
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, H.M.S. Pinafore
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Serenade
for Wind Instruments
M :
Antonin Dvorák :
Slavonic Dances, first series
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Violin Concerto in D
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Piano Concerto
in F-minor
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee : Miranda
M :
A. W. Ambros: Geschichte der Musik
PH :
Anti-Socialist Law enacted in Germany
DL :
Bicycle Touring Club founded in England
DL :
C.I.D., New Scotland Yard, established in London
RP :
Charles Pierce: How to Make Our Ideas Clear (Philosophy of Pragmatism)
VA :
Cleopatra's Needle is moved to London
DL :
Deutscher Fussballverein, Hanover, founded
DL :
Electric street lighting is introduced in London
DL :
First European crematorium established at Gotha, Germany
DL :
First bicycles manufactured in America
M :
George Grove begins Dictionary of Music and Musicians
RP :
George Romanes: A Candid Examination of Theism
RP :
German historian Heinrich Treitschke begins racial anti-Semite movement, and Berlin court preacher Adolf Stoecker founds Christlich-Soziale Arbeiterpartei
PH :
Greece declares war on Turkey
ST :
Iodoform first used as an antiseptic
DL :
Karl Benz builds motorised tricycle with top speed of seven miles per hour
ST :
Microphone invented
DL :
Paris World Exhibition
RP :
Pope Pius IX dies; Cardinal Count Pecci succeeds as Leo XIII
DL :
Repeater rifle produced
PH :
Turk-Russ. armistice signed
PH :
Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy dies; succeeded by his son Humbert I
ED :
W.E. Lecky: History of England in the Eighteenth Century
VA :
Charles-François Daubigny dies 19 February
VA :
Malevich born
M :
Franz Schreker born 23 March
LT :
John Masefield born 1 June
LT :
William Cullen Bryant dies 12 June
1879
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Cup of Tea
VA :
Mary Cassatt : At the Opera
M :
Franz von Suppé : Operetta, Boccaccio
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Pirates of Penzance
M :
Bedrich Smetana :
Cycle of symphonic poems, collectively entitled Má Vlast ('My Fatherland')
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, May Night
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky :
'The Song of the Flea'
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.1
VA :
Edouard Manet : In the Conservatory
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Irene Cahen d'Anvers
RP :
A.J. Balfour: Defence of Philosophic Doubt
PH :
Alexander of Battenberg elected Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria
RP :
Anti-Jesuit Laws introduced in France
DL :
Brit. churchman W. L. Blackly proposes a scheme for old-age pensions
ST :
First electric tram exhibited at Berlin Trade Exhibition
RP :
Henry George: Progress and Poverty
RP :
Herbert Spencer: Principles of Ethics
PH :
Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, deposed; succeeded by Tewfik
DL :
London's first telephone exchange established
RP :
Mary Baker Eddy becomes pastor of Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston
PH :
Peace signed with Zulu chiefs
RP :
Robert Giffen: Essay on Finance
ST :
Saccharin discovered
ST :
Scandium discovered
DL :
The public granted unrestricted admission to the British Museum
PH :
Treaty of Gandamak
ED :
Treitschke: History of Germany in the XIXth Century
VA :
Fourth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Ottorino Respighi born 9 July
LT :
Wallace Stevens born 2 October
VA :
Paul Klee born
1880
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : Dancers in Pink
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Ballads and Other Poems
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Trumpet-Major
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Lydia in a Loge Wearing a Pearl Necklace
VA :
Gustave Caillebotte : View Across a Balcony
VA :
Alexandre Cabanel : Phčdre
VA :
Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones : Golden Stairs
M :
Jules Massenet : Oratorio, La Vierge
('The Virgin')
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Scottish Fantasia
for violin and orchestra
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Temptation
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Serenade for Strings
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Capriccio Italien
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Overture, 1812
M :
Johann Strauss II : Waltz, Roses from the South
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin concerto
No.3
M :
Jacques Offenbach : Opera, Les Contes d'Hoffmann
('The Tales of Hoffmann'); orchestration completed posthumously by Ernest Guiraud
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Sorochintsky Fair
(completed by Anatol Lyadov and others)
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky : Opera, Khovanshchina
(completed by Rimsky)
M :
Gustav Mahler :
Starts on song settings Des Knaben Wunderhorn ('Youth's Magic Horn')
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Violin Concerto
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.6
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Jean de Nivelle
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : In the Steppes of Central Asia
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Academic Festival and Tragic overtures
M :
Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein : Opera, Kupets Kalashnikov
('The Merchant Kalashnikov')
VA :
Alfred Sisley : The Chemin de By through Woods at Roches-Coutaut:
DL :
Canned fruits and meats first appear in stores
ST :
Chicken cholera vaccine developed by Pasteur
ST :
First practical electric lights devised
RP :
John Claird: Philosophy of Religion
M :
London Guildhall School of Music founded
ST :
Malarial parasite discovered
DL :
New York streets are first lit by electricity
PH :
Pacific War: Chile against Bolivia and Peru
DL :
Parcel post introduced in England
PH :
Transvaal declares itself independent of Britain
DL :
World Exhibition takes place in Melbourne
VA :
Fifth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Jacques Offenbach dies 5 October
1881
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: The Cup
LT :
Christina Rossetti: A Pageant and Other Poems
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti: The King’s Tragedy and Ballads and Sonnets with The House of Life
LT :
Thomas Hardy: A Laodicean
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Dance Class
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Hérodiade
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Kol Nidrei
Adagio on Hebrew melodies, for cello and orchestra
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Patience
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Violin Sonata
No.1
M :
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov : Opera, The Snow Maiden
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Norwegian Dances for piano duet
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.6
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Ballade
for piano and orchestra
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Pičces pittoresques
('Picturesque Pieces') for piano
M :
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Johannes Brahms :
Piano Concerto No.2
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : At the Tepidarium
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Luncheon of the Boating Party
PH :
Austro-Serbian treaty of alliance
LT :
D'Oyly Carte builds the Savoy Theatre, London
RP :
Edward Tylor: Anthropology
DL :
Flogging abolished in Brit. Army and Navy
DL :
Freedom of press established in France
PH :
President Garfield is shot and killed in Sept. and succeeded by Chester Arthur    GO !
ED :
Natural History Museum, South Kensington, London, opened
RP :
Persecution of Jews in Russia
PH :
Political parties founded in Japan
DL :
The first of all cabarets, "Chat Noir", Paris, founded
PH :
Treaty of Pretoria: Britain recognises independent Transvaal Republic
ED :
University College, Liverpool, founded
ED :
Vatican archives opened to scholars
VA :
Sixth Impressionist Exhibition
M :
Béla Bartók born 25 March
M :
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky dies 28 March
VA :
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso born
1882
LT :
Walt Whitman: Specimen Days and Collect
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Two on a Tower
VA :
Mary Cassatt : Girl Sewing
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Evening Mood
M :
Richard Wagner : Music drama, Parsifal
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Iolanthe
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, La Rédemption
M :
Léo Delibes : Incidental music
to Victor Hugo's play Le Roi s'amuse, ('The King's Pleasure')
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Prelude and Fugue in G major
VA :
Edouard Manet : Bar at the Folies-Bergere
DL :
Bank of Japan founded
M :
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra founded
RP :
Besant: All Sorts and Conditions of Men
ED :
Charles University, Prague, divided into Ger. and Czech institutions
ST :
Edison designs first hydroelectric plant in Wisconsin
RP :
Leslie Stephen: Science of Ethics
DL :
London Chamber of Commerce established
RP :
Nietzche: Die fröliche Wissenschaft
PH :
Prince Milan Obrenovich of Serbia proclaims himself king
DL :
Queen Victoria gives Epping Forest to the nation
DL :
Recoil-operated machine gun patented
PH :
Triple Alliance between Italy, Austria, and Germany
DL :
U.S. bans Chinese immigrants for 10 years
RP :
Viennese physician Joseph Breuer uses hypnosis to treat hysteria (beginnings of psychoanalysis)
DL :
World Exhibition in Moscow
VA :
Seventh Impressionist Exhibition
LT :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Dante Gabriel Rossetti dies 10 April
VA :
Georges Braque born
M :
Igor Stravinsky born 17 June
VA :
Edward Hopper born in New York
VA :
Newell Convers Wyeth born
M :
Zoltán Kodály born 16 December
1883
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Eine Nacht in Venedig
('A Night in Venice')
M :
Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.1
M :
Bedrich Smetana : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Anton Bruckner : Symphony
No.7
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Scherzo Capriccioso
M :
Léo Delibes : Opera, Lakmé
(including the famous 'Flower Duet' and the 'Bell Song')
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Rhapsody Espańa
for orchestra
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.3
DL :
Bismarck introduces sickness insurance in Germany
DL :
Brooklyn Bridge, New York, opened to traffic
RP :
F. H. Bradley: The Principles of Logic
RP :
Fabian Society founded in London
ST :
First skyscraper built in Chicago, 10 stories
RP :
Jr. R. Seeley: The Expansion of England
RP :
Lester War: Dynamic Sociology
M :
Metropolitan Opera House, New York, founded
RP :
Nietzche: Thus Spake Zarathustra
DL :
Orient Express Paris- Istanbul makes its first run
PH :
Paul Kruger - President of South African Republic
ST :
Robert Kock describes a method of preventive inoculation against anthrax
M :
Royal College of Music, London, founded
ST :
Synthetic fibre produced
DL :
U.S. Civil Service reforms begin
DL :
U.S. frontiersman W. F Cody ("Buffalo Bill") organises his "Wild West Show"
DL :
World Exhibition opens in Amsterdam
M :
Richard Wagner dies 13 February
VA :
Edouard Manet dies 30 April
M :
Sir George Dyson born 28 May
M :
Edgard Varčse born 22 December
1884
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Manon
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, Princess Ida
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Le villi
M :
Gustav Mahler : Song-cycle, Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen
('Songs of a Wayfarer')
M :
Edvard Grieg :
'Butterfly' and 'To the Spring' from Lyric Pieces, Book 3
M :
Edvard Grieg :
Holberg Suite
M :
Anton Bruckner : Te Deum
for chorus and orchestra
VA :
Georges Seurat : Bathing at Asnieres
DL :
Le Matin, Paris, issued
PH :
Berlin Conference of 14 nations on African affairs
DL :
Divorce re-established in France
ST :
Electrical precipitation discovered
DL :
First deep tube (underground railroad), London
ST :
First practical steam turbine engine invented
PH :
Fr. Law excludes members of former dynasties from presidency
DL :
Gold discovered in the Transvaal, rise of Johannesburg
RP :
Herbert Spencer: The Man versus the State
ST :
Ilya Mechinikov: Theory of Phagocytes
RP :
Kropotkin: Paroles du'un revolte
PH :
London Convention on Transvaal
ED :
Oxford English Dictionary begins publication
ST :
Tetanus bacillus discovered
M :
Bedrich Smetana dies 12 May
LT :
Gerard Manley Hopkins born 28 July
LT :
Sara Teasdale born 8 August
1885
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Tiresias and Other Poems
LT :
Christina Rossetti: Time Flies
VA :
Mary Cassatt : The Sisters
M :
Jules Massenet : Opera, Le Cid
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch : Cantata, Achilleus
for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
M :
Pyotr Tchaikovsky : Manfred Symphony
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Operetta, The Mikado
M :
Johann Strauss II : Operetta, Der Zigeunerbaron
('The Gypsy Baron')
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Petite Symphonie
for wind instruments
M :
Charles-François Gounod : Oratorio, Mors et Vita
M :
Antonin Dvorák : Symphony
No.7
M :
Emmanuel Chabrier : Opera, Gwendoline
M :
Johannes Brahms : Symphony
No.4
VA :
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema : A Tale from Homer
ED :
Albert Sorel: Europe and the French Revolution
DL :
First Leipzig Fair
PH :
Grover Cleveland inaugurated as President of the U.S.    GO !
RP :
Henry Maine: Popular Government
DL :
John M. Fox introduces golf to America
RP :
Karl Marx: Das Kapital, vol 2 (posth.)
PH :
King Alfonso XII of Spain dies; Queen Maria Christina becomes regent
ST :
Pasteur devises a rabies vaccine to cure hydrophobia
ST :
Sir Francis Galton prove the individuality of fingerprints
RP :
The Mormons split into polygamous and monogamous sections
RP :
Tolstoi: My Religion
M :
Alban Berg born 9 February
M :
Domenico Scarlatti born 26 October
1886
LT :
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Locksley Hall Sixty Years After
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Mayor of Casterbridge
VA :
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas : The Tub
VA :
Sir Adolph William Bouguereau : Child at Bath
M :
Giuseppe Verdi : Opera, Otello
M :
Arthur Sullivan : Cantata, The Golden Legend
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns : Wedding Cake Caprice
caprice for piano and strings
Anton von Webern :
Three Little Pieces for Violincello and Piano
M :
Charles Ives : Three Places in New England
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : A Lark Ascending
for violin and orchestra
M :
Jean Sibelius : Symphonic Poem, The Oceanides
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Sinfonia drammatica
M :
Maurice Ravel :
Trio for piano, violin, cello
DL :
Panama Canal officially opened
PH :
U.S. Marines occupy Veracruz, Mexico, intervening in civil war to protect American interests
1915
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Rivers to the Sea
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: The Porcupine
LT :
Rupert Brooke: 1914 and Other Poems
M :
Charles Ives : Piano Sonata
No.2 "Concord Mass. 1840-60"
M :
Manuel de Falla : Noches en los jardines de Espańa
('Nights in the Gardens of Spain')
M :
Manuel de Falla : Ballet, El Amor Brujo
('Love, the Magician')
M :
Richard Strauss : An Alpine Symphony
M :
Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.5
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Cello Sonata
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song-cycle, Le Jardin clos
('The Enclosed Garden')
M :
Claude Debussy : 12 Etudes
('Studies'), for piano
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : The Wanderer
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia
based on an old English tune When I Survey the Wondrous Cross
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia, O God, Our Help
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Chorale Fantasia, The Old Hundredth
PH :
Genocide of estimated 600,000 to 1 million Armenians by Turkish soldiers
ST :
Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity
VA :
D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation
VA :
Walter Crane dies
LT :
Rupert Brooke dies 23 April
VA :
Arthur Hughes dies 23 December
1916
LT :
W.B. Yeats: Reveries over Childhood and Youth
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: The Man against the Sky
LT :
Robert Frost: Mountain Interval
LT :
Rupert Brooke: Letters From America (posth.)
M :
Charles Ives : Symphony
No.4
M :
Arnold Schoenberg :
Second Chamber Symphony
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, The Fountains of Rome
M :
Gustav Holst : Orchestral suite, The Planets
M :
Frederick Delius : Violin Concerto
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Seven Choral Preludes for Organ
Set II
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Jerusalem
VA :
John William Waterhouse : I am Half Sick of Shadows
VA :
John William Waterhouse : Miranda
VA :
John William Waterhouse : A Tale from Decameron
PH :
U.S. buys Virgin Islands from Denmark for $25 million
PH :
President Wilson re-elected with “he kept us out of war” slogan.     GO !
PH :
Easter Rebellion in Ireland put down by British troops
ST :
Margaret Sanger opens first birth control clinic
PH :
24 April - Irish nationalists launch the Easter rebellion in Dublin, Republic declared and Patrick Pearse announced as first President
M :
Milton Byron Babbitt born 10 May
PH :
22 November - Emperor Franz Josef of Austria-Hungary, dies; he is succeeded by Charles I
1917
LT :
First Pulitzer Prizes awarded
PH :
Russian Revolution
PH :
U.S. enters World War I
LT :
W.B. Yeats: The Wild Swans at Coole
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Love Songs
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Merlin
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Moments of Vision
LT :
Robert Graves: Over the Brazier
LT :
T S Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
M :
Erik Satie : Ballet, Parade
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Ancient Airs and Dances
first series
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Opera, La rondine
('The Swallow')
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Concerto
No.1
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Symphony
No.1 'Classical'
M :
Francis Poulenc : Rapsodie nčgre
for baritone and instrumental ensemble
M :
Leoš Janácek : Opera, The Excursions of Mr. Broucek
M :
Gustav Holst : The Hymn of Jesus
for chorus and orchestra
M :
Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.2
M :
Béla Bartók : Ballet, The Wooden Prince
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Les Noces
('The Wedding'), for voices, percussion and four pianos
PH :
Balfour Declaration promises Jewish homeland in Palestine.
RP :
Sigmund Freud's Introduction to Psychoanalysis
VA :
John William Waterhouse dies 10 February
1918
DL :
Daylight Saving
Time introduced
PH :
Russian Czar Nicholas II and his family are killed
LT :
Robert Graves: Fairies and Fusiliers
M :
Franz Schreker : Opera, Die Gezeichneten
('The Stigma Bearers')
M :
Erik Satie : Socrate,
for voices and instruments
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Il trittico
('The Triptych'), three one-act operas
M :
Francis Poulenc : Trois mouvements perpétuels
for piano
M :
Leoš Janácek : Orchestral rhapsody, Taras Bulba
M :
Edward Elgar : String Quartet
M :
Béla Bartók : Opera, Duke Bluebeard's Castle
M :
Igor Stravinsky : The Soldier's Tale,
for speaker, chamber ensemble, dancers
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry : Elégie
DL :
Worldwide influenza epidemic strikes; by 1920, nearly 20 million will be dead ("Spanish Flu")
PH :
Russian Civil War between Reds (Bolsheviks) and Whites (anti-Bolsheviks)
PH :
German Kaiser abdicates (Nov.); hostilities cease on the Western Front
VA :
Gustav Klimt dies 6 February
M :
Claude Debussy dies 25 March
LT :
Joyce Kilmer dies 30 July
M :
Leonard Bernstein born 25 August
M :
Sir Charles Hubert Hastings Parry dies 7 October
1919
DL :
Prohibition begins in the U.S.
LT :
John Masefield: Reynard the Fox
M :
Manuel de Falla : Ballet, El sombrero de tres picos
('The Three-Cornered Hat')
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Ballet, La Boutique fantastique
('The Fantastic Toy Shop') - based on music by Rossini
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Opera, The Love for Three Oranges
M :
Francis Poulenc : Song-cycle, Le Bestiaire
M :
Darius Milhaud : Symphonic Suite
'Protée'
M :
Darius Milhaud : Ballet, Le Boeuf sur le toit
('The Ox on the Roof')
M :
Leoš Janácek : Song-cycle, The Diary of One Who Disappeared
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Orchestral suite, Masques et Bergamasques
M :
Edward Elgar : Cello Concerto,
Piano Quintet
M :
Béla Bartók : Ballet, The Miraculous Mandarin
PH :
Third International (Comintern) establishes Soviet control over international Communist movements
PH :
Versailles Treaty, incorporating Woodrow Wilson's draft Covenant of League of Nations, signed by Allies and Germany; rejected by U.S. Senate    GO !
PH :
Mahatma Gandhi initiates satyagraha (“truth force”) campaigns, beginning his nonviolent resistance movement against British rule in India
ST :
Alcock and Brown make first trans-Atlantic nonstop flight
VA :
Pierre-Auguste Renoir dies 3 December
1920
PH :
U.S. Dept. of Justice "red hunt" nets thousands of radicals; aliens deported
ST :
First commercial radio broadcast aired
LT :
Harlem Renaissance begins
PH :
League of Nations established
DL :
Women granted the right to vote in U.S.
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Flame and Shadow
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Lancelot
LT :
T S Eliot: The Sacred Wood
M :
Franz Schreker : Opera, Der Schatzgräber
('The Treasure Digger')
M :
Erik Satie : Musique d'ameublement
('Furniture music')
M :
Erik Satie : Trois petites pičces montées
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Symphonies
of Wind Instruments
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Pulcinella
PH :
Treaty of Sčvres dissolves Ottoman Empire
PH :
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Finland, Luxembourg are admitted to the League of Nations
LT :
Howard Nemerov born 1 March
M :
Max Christian Friedrich Bruch dies 20 October
1921
PH :
Irish Free State proclaimed
VA :
John William Godward dies
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Avon's Harvest
LT :
Marianne Moore: Poems published without her knowledge
LT :
Walter de la Mare: Memoirs of a Midget
M :
Edgard Varčse : Offrandes
M :
Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, King David
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.3, 'Pastoral'
M :
William Turner Walton : Façade
settings of poems by Edith Sitwell
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Concerto
No.3
M :
Darius Milhaud : Suite for orchestra, Saudades do Brasil
('Memories of Brazil')
M :
Darius Milhaud : Ballet, Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel
('The Newlyweds of the Eiffel Tower'), written with "Les Six"
M :
Leoš Janácek : Opera, Katya Kabanová
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré : Song-cycle, L'Horizon chimerique
('The Elusive Horizon')
PH :
Reparations Commission fixes German liability at 132 billion gold marks;
German inflation begins
PH :
Major treaties signed at Washington Disarmament Conference limit naval tonnage and pledge to respect territorial integrity of China
PH :
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania are admitted to the League of Nations
LT :
Richard Wilbur born 1 March
M :
Camille Saint-Saëns dies 16 December
1922
PH :
Kemal Atatürk founds modern Turkey
ST :
King Tut's tomb found
PH :
Mussolini marches on Rome
LT :
The Reader's Digest first published
VA :
Edmund Blair Leighton dies
LT :
A E Housman: Last Poems
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Late Lyrics and Earlier
LT :
T S Eliot: The Waste Land
LT :
ee cummings: The Enormous Room
M :
Edgard Varčse : Amériques
M :
Paul Hindemith : Suite, 1922
M :
Arthur Honegger : Ballet, Skating Rink
M :
Manuel de Falla : Chamber opera, El Retablo de Maese Pedro
('Master Peter's Puppet Show')
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Opera, Belfagor
M :
Gustav Holst : A Fugal Overture
M :
Gustav Holst : Opera, The Perfect Fool
VA :
Frederick Maxfield Parrish : Morning
VA :
Frederick Maxfield Parrish : Daybreak
PH :
Hungary is admitted to the League of Nations
M :
Lukas Foss born 15 August
VA :
Lucien Freud born
1923
DL :
Talking movies invented
LT :
Wallace Stevens: Harmonium
LT :
Walter de la Mare: Come Hither and The Riddle, and Other Stories
LT :
Thomas Hardy: The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall
LT :
Robert Frost: New Hampshire
LT :
ee cummings: Tulips and Chimneys
M :
Edgard Varčse : Octandre
M :
Edgard Varčse : Hyperprism
M :
Paul Hindemith : Das Marienleben
M :
Arthur Honegger : Pacific 231
M :
Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.6
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Ancient Airs and Dances
second series
M :
Darius Milhaud : Ballet, La Création du monde
('The Creation of the World')
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Psalmus hungaricus
for voices and orchestra
M :
Leoš Janácek : String Quartet
No.1, 'The Kreutzer Sonata'
M :
Leoš Janácek : Opera, The Cunning Little Vixen
M :
Béla Bartók : Dance Suite
for orchestra
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Octet
for Wind Instruments
PH :
Adolf Hitler's "Beer Hall Putsch" in Munich fails
PH :
Occupation of Ruhr by French and Belgian troops to enforce reparations payments
DL :
Widespread Ku Klux Klan violence in U.S.
DL :
Earthquake destroys third of Tokyo
M :
George Gershwin : Rhapsody in Blue
M :
Bessie Smith, known as "the Empress of the Blues", makes her first record
LT :
William Butler Yeats wins Nobel Prize in Literature
PH :
Ethiopia, Ireland are admitted to the League of Nations
PH :
Dominican Republic is admitted to the League of Nations
VA :
Roy Lichtenstein born
1924
DL :
First Olympic winter games
LT :
Marianne Moore: Observations
LT :
John Masefield: Sard Harker
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: The Happy Marriage
LT :
Robert Graves: Poems: 1914-26
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper : The Damsel of the Lake, Called Nimue the Enchantress
M :
Edgard Varčse : Intégrales
M :
Paul Hindemith : String Trio
M :
Jean Sibelius : Symphony
No.7
M :
Franz Schreker : Opera, Irrelohe
('Flames of Madness')
M :
Erik Satie : Ballet, Relâche
M :
Erik Satie : Ballet, Mercure
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, The Pines of Rome
M :
Maurice Ravel : Tzigane
('Gypsy'), for violin plus orchestra or piano
M :
Francis Poulenc : Ballet, Les Biches
('The Little Darlings')
M :
Leoš Janácek : Wind sextet, Mládi
('Youth')
M :
Gustav Holst : Choral Symphony
M :
Gustav Holst : Opera, At the Boar's Head
M :
George Gershwin : Rhapsody in Blue
for piano and jazz band
M :
Aaron Copland : Symphony for Organ and Orchestra
(later arranged without organ)
PH :
Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in prison where he writes Mein Kampf; released after eight months
PH :
Death of Lenin; Stalin wins power struggle, rules as Soviet dictator until death in 1953
LT :
Robert Frost wins first of four Pulitzers
PH :
Italian Fascists murder Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti
PH :
Teapot Dome scandal
M :
Gabriel Urbain Fauré dies 4 November
1925
PH :
Hitler's Mein Kampf published
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Roman Bartholow and Dionysus in Doubt
LT :
Walter de la Mare: Broomsticks and Other Tales
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: The Pot of Earth
LT :
Thomas Hardy: Human Shows
LT :
ee cummings: & and XLI Poems
M :
Paul Hindemith : Concerto
for Orchestra
M :
Ernst Bacon : Prelude and Fugue
M :
Sir George Dyson : Children's Suite After Walter De La Mare
M :
William Turner Walton : Overture, Portsmouth Point
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.1
M :
Maurice Ravel : Opera, L'Enfant et les sortilčges
('The Child and the Magic Spells')
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, The Steel Step
M :
Leoš Janácek : Opera, The Makropulos Affair
M :
George Gershwin : Concerto
in F, for piano and orchestra
VA :
Frederick Maxfield Parrish : The Knave
PH :
Locarno conferences seek to secure European peace by mutual guarantees
ST :
John Logie Baird, Scottish inventor, transmits human features by television
ST :
John T. Scopes convicted and fined for teaching evolution in a public school in Tennessee "Monkey Trial"; sentence set aside
VA :
Robert Rauschenberg born
PH :
Costa Rica withdraws from the League of Nations
M :
Pierre Boulez born 26 March
VA :
John Singer Sargent dies
M :
Erik Satie dies 1 July
1926
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Dark of the Moon
LT :
John Masefield: Odtaa
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: Streets on the Moon
VA :
Frank Cadogan Cowper : La Belle Dame Sans Merci
M :
Paul Hindemith : Opera, Cardillac
M :
Arthur Honegger : Opera, Judith
M :
Manuel de Falla : Concerto
for harpsichord and chamber ensemble
M :
Jean Sibelius : Symphonic Poem, Tapiola
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov : Piano Concerto
No.4
M :
Giacomo Puccini : Opera, Turandot
(the final scene completed by Franco Alfano after Puccini's death)
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Opera, Háry János
M :
Leoš Janácek : Sinfonietta
for orchestra
M :
Leoš Janácek : Glagolitic Mass
for soloists, choir and orchestra
M :
George Gershwin :
Three Piano Preludes
M :
George Gershwin : Musical, O, Kay!
M :
Aaron Copland : Piano Concerto
M :
Béla Bartók : Out of Doors
for piano
M :
Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.1
DL :
General strike in Britain brings nation's activities to standstill
PH :
U.S. marines dispatched to Nicaragua during revolt; they remain until 1933
PH :
Germany is admitted to the League of Nations, Brazil withdraws
VA :
Mary Cassatt dies 14 June
VA :
Claude Monet dies 5 December
1927
DL :
BBC founded
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Tristram
VA :
Marc Chagall : Lovers with Flowers
M :
Edgard Varčse : Arcana
M :
Arthur Honegger : Opera, Antigone
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Three Botticelli Pictures
M :
Ottorino Respighi : The Birds
suite for small orchestra (based on 17th and 18th century pieces about birds)
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Opera, The Fiery Angel
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Dances of Marosszék
for piano (later orchestrated)
M :
Gustav Holst : Tone poem, Egdon Heath
M :
George Gershwin : Musical, Funny Face
M :
George Gershwin : Musical, Strike Up the Band
M :
Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.3
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Opera-oratorio, Oedipus Rex
M :
Franz Schreker : Christophorus
PH :
German economy collapses - Socialists riot in Vienna; general strike follows acquittal of Nazis for political murder
PH :
Trotsky expelled from Russian Communist Party
ST :
Charles A. Lindbergh flies first successful solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris
ST :
Philo T. Farnsworth demonstrates working television model
ST :
Georges Lemaître proposes Big Bang Theory
DL :
Babe Ruth hits 60 home runs in the season; record stands for next 34 years
VA :
The Jazz Singer, with Al Jolson, first part-talking motion picture
LT :
Galway Kinnell born 1 February
VA :
Juan Gris dies
1928
LT :
First Oxford English Dictionary published
ST :
Penicillin discovered
LT :
W.B. Yeats: The Tower
VA :
Sir Frank Bernard Dicksee dies
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: The Hamlet of A. MacLeish
M :
Anton von Webern : Symphony
M :
Virgil Garnett Thomson : Symphony
on a Hymn Tune
M :
Virgil Garnett Thomson : Opera, Four Saints in Three Acts
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Le banquet céleste
for organ
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Trois petites liturgies de la Presence Divine
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Opera, Sir John in Love
(including 'Greensleeves')
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Opera, The Nose
M :
Arnold Schoenberg :
Variations for Orchestra
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Symphonic Poem, Roman Festivals
M :
Maurice Ravel : Boléro
for orchestra
M :
Darius Milhaud : Opera, Christopher Columbus
M :
Franz Lehár : Operetta, Das Land des Lächelns
('The Land of Smiles')
George Gershwin : Symphonic Poem, An American in Paris
M :
Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.4
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Ballet, Apollon musagčte
M :
Franz Schreker : Der singende Teufel
PH :
Kellogg-Briand Pact, outlawing war, signed in Paris by 65 nations    GO !
RP :
Anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa
LT :
Thomas Hardy dies 11 January
VA :
Andy Warhol born
M :
Leoš Janácek dies 12 August
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen born 22 August
VA :
Helen Frankenthaler born in New York City
1929
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Cavender's House
LT :
Robert Graves: Goodbye to All That
M :
Ernst Toch : Bunte Suite
M :
William Turner Walton : Viola Concerto
PH :
Trotsky expelled from U.S.S.R.
PH :
Lateran Treaty establishes independent Vatican City
DL :
In U.S., stock market prices collapse, with U.S. securities losing $26 billion—first phase of Depression and world economic crisis
ST :
Edwin Powell Hubble proposes theory of expanding universe
M :
Andre Previn born 6 April
1930
ST :
Pluto discovered
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Stars To-night
LT :
Sara Teasdale: Stars To-night
LT :
Walter de la Mare: On the Edge
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: New Found Land
LT :
Robert Frost: Selected Poems
LT :
T S Eliot: Ash-Wednesday
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: Paid on Both Sides and Poems
M :
Anton von Webern : Quartet
for
Violin, Clarinet, Tenor Saxaphone, Piano
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Diptyque
for organ
M :
Ernst Toch : Gesprochene Musik
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Ballet, Job, a Masque for Dancing
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Ballet, The Age of Gold
M :
Gustav Holst : Prelude and scherzo
for military band, Hammersmith
M :
Gustav Holst : Choral Fantasia
M :
George Gershwin : Musical, Girl Crazy
M :
Aaron Copland : Piano Variations
(later orchestrated)
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Symphony
of Psalms
PH :
Britain, U.S., Japan, France, and Italy sign naval disarmament treaty
ST :
Cyclotron developed
M :
Stephen Sondheim born 22 March
1931
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Matthias at the Door
LT :
Robert Graves: Poems: 1926-1930
LT :
T S Eliot: Thoughts After Lambeth
LT :
ee cummings: CIOPW and ViVa
M :
Edgard Varčse : Ionisation
M :
Paul Hindemith : Das Unaufhörliche
M :
Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, Cris du monde
M :
Arthur Honegger : Opera, Amphion
M :
Sir George Dyson : The Canterbury Pilgrims
M :
William Turner Walton : Cantata, Belshazzar's Feast
M :
Maurice Ravel : Piano Concerto
in G
M :
Gustav Holst : Hammersmith
for orchestra
M :
Samuel Barber : Overture, The School for Scandal
M :
Samuel Barber : Dover Beach
for solo baritone and string quartet
M :
Vincenzo Bellini : Opera, Norma
M :
Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.2
M :
Igor Stravinsky :
Violin Concerto
PH :
Spain becomes a republic with overthrow of King Alfonso XIII
PH :
German industrialists finance 800,000-strong Nazi party
PH :
Mukden Incident begins Japanese occupation of Manchuria
ST :
Harold C. Urey discovers heavy hydrogen
DL :
The Star Spangled Banner officially becomes U.S. national anthem
DL :
Notorious Scottsboro trial begins, exposing depth of Southern racism in U.S.
PH :
Mexico is admitted to the League of Nations
1932
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Nicodemus
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: Conquistador
M :
Ernst Bacon : Symphony
No.1
M :
Richard Strauss : Opera, Arabella
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Opera, The Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District
(later revised as Katerina Izmaylova)
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Opera, Moses and Aaron
M :
Francis Poulenc : Concerto
in D-minor, for two pianos and orchestra
M :
George Gershwin : Musical, Of Thee I Sing
M :
George Gershwin : Cuban Overture
M :
Benjamin Britten : Sinfonietta
M :
Franz Schreker : Der Schmied von Gent
PH :
Nazis lead in German elections with 230 Reichstag seats
DL :
Famine in U.S.S.R.
DL :
In U.S., Congress sets up Reconstruction Finance Corporation to stimulate economy.
DL :
Veterans march on Washington—most leave after Senate rejects payment of cash bonuses; others removed by troops under Douglas MacArthur
PH :
Iraq, Turkey are admitted to the League of Nations
M :
John Phillip Sousa dies 6 March
1933
PH :
Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
LT :
W.B. Yeats: The Winding Stair and Other Poems
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Talifer
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: Conquistador
LT :
A E Housman: The Name and Nature of Poetry
LT :
T S Eliot: The Use of Poetry and the Use of Criticism
LT :
ee cummings: Eimi
VA :
Marc Chagall : Solitude
M :
Paul Hindemith : String Trio
M :
Olivier Messiaen : L'Ascension
(for orchestra, later for organ)
M :
Sir George Dyson : St Paul's Voyage to Melita
M :
Ottorino Respighi : Opera, La Fiamma
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Film Score, Lieutenant Kijé
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Dances of Galánta
for orchestra
M :
Gustav Holst : Brook Green Suite
for strings
M :
Vincenzo Bellini : Opera, Beatrice di Tenda
PH :
Reichstag fire in Berlin; Nazi terror begins
PH :
Germany and Japan withdraw from League of Nations
PH :
Roosevelt inaugurated; launches New Deal    GO !
DL :
In U.S. Prohibition repealed
PH :
U.S.S.R. recognised by U.S.
PH :
Germany, Japan withdraw from the League of Nations
LT :
Sara Teasdale dies 29 January
M :
Henryk Mikolaj Górecki born 6 December
1934
VA :
Marc Chagall : Bouquet with Flying Lovers
PH :
Mao Zedong begins the Long March
LT :
Edwin A Robinson: Amaranth
LT :
Robert Graves: I, Claudius and Claudius the God
LT :
T S Eliot: After Strange Gods
M :
Edgard Varčse : Ecuatorial
M :
Paul Hindemith : Symphony, Mathis der Maler
M :
Arthur Honegger : Ballet, Sémiramis
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.4
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov : Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
(including '18th Variation'), for piano and orchestra
M :
Pietro Mascagni : Opera, Nerone
('Nero')
M :
Franz Lehár : Opera, Giuditta
M :
Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.5
PH :
Hitler becomes führer.
PH :
U.S.S.R. admitted to League of Nations
PH :
Afghanistan, Ecuador, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are admitted to the League of Nations
M :
Edward Elgar dies 23 February
M :
Franz Schreker dies 21 March
M :
Gustav Holst dies 25 May
M :
Frederick Delius dies 10 June
M :
Harrison Birtwistle born 15 July
1935
PH :
Germany issues the anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws
VA :
Jessie Willcox Smith dies
LT :
Wallace Stevens: Ideas of Order
LT :
T S Eliot: Murder in the Cathedral
LT :
ee cummings: No Thanks and Tom
M :
Paul Hindemith : Viola concerto, Der Schwanendreher
M :
Paul Hindemith : Opera, Mathis der Maler
M :
Olivier Messiaen : La nativite de Seigneur
for organ
M :
Arthur Honegger : Film music, Mayerling
M :
Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, Jeanne d’Arc au bűcher
('Joan of Arc at the Stake')
M :
Sir George Dyson : Nebuchadnezzar
M :
William Turner Walton : Symphony
No.1
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Concerto
No.2
M :
George Gershwin : Opera, Porgy and Bess
PH :
Nazis repudiate Versailles Treaty, introduce compulsory military service
DL :
Roosevelt opens second phase of New Deal in U.S., calling for social security, better housing, equitable taxation, and farm assistance
PH :
Mussolini invades Ethiopia; League of Nations invokes sanctions
PH :
Paraguay withdraws from the League of Nations of Nations
LT :
Edwin A Robinson dies 6 April
VA :
Malevich dies
VA :
Paul Signac dies
M :
Alban Berg dies 24 December
1936
PH :
Spanish Civil War begins
PH :
King George V dies; succeeded by son, Edward VIII, who soon abdicates to marry an American-born divorcée, and is succeeded by brother, George VI
M :
Steve Reich dies
LT :
Marianne Moore: The Pangolin and other verse
LT :
Robert Frost: A Further Range
LT :
ee cummings: 1/20
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: Look Stranger!
M :
Edgard Varčse : Density 21.5
for flute solo
M :
Ernst Bacon : Twilight
M :
Ernst Bacon : Songs of Eternity
M :
Virgil Garnett Thomson : Film score, The Plow that Broke the Plains
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Song-cycles, Počmes pour Mi
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : Tarantella
for Male Chorus and Orchestra
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Violin Concerto
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphony
No.3
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Peter and the Wolf
for narrator and orchestra
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, Romeo and Juliet
M :
Darius Milhaud : Suite provençale
M :
Mikhail Glinka : Opera, Zhizn'za tsarya
('A Life for the Tzar')
M :
George Gershwin : Film music, Shall We Dance
M :
Samuel Barber : Symphony
No.1
M :
Samuel Barber : String Quartet
M :
Aaron Copland : El Salón México
for orchestra
M :
Béla Bartók :
Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta
PH :
Germans occupy Rhineland, Italy annexes Ethiopia, Rome-Berlin Axis proclaimed (Japan will join in 1940)
PH :
War between China and Japan begins, to continue through World War II
PH :
Japan and Germany sign anti-Comintern pact; joined by Italy in 1937
PH :
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua withdraw from the League of Nations
M :
Ottorino Respighi dies 18 April
LT :
A E Housman dies 30 April
1937
PH :
Japan invades China
LT :
Wallace Stevens: The Man With the Blue Guitar
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: On This Island
M :
Virgil Garnett Thomson : Film score, The River
M :
Virgil Garnett Thomson : Ballet, Filling Station
M :
Olivier Messiaen : O sacrum convivum!
M :
William Turner Walton : Coronation march, Crown Imperial
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.5
M :
Francis Poulenc : Mass in G-Major
M :
Francis Poulenc : Song-cycle, Tel jour, telle nuit
M :
Carl Orff : Cantata, Carmina Burana
M :
Darius Milhaud : Suite for 2 pianos, Scaramouche
M :
George Gershwin : Film music, A Damsel in Distress
M :
Béla Bartók : Sonata
for 2 pianos and percussion (later orchestrated)
M :
Benjamin Britten : Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge
VA :
Picasso's Guernica mural
PH :
Hitler repudiates war guilt clause of Versailles Treaty; continues to build German power
PH :
Egypt is admitted to the League of Nations,El Salvador and Italy withdraw
VA :
David Hockney born
M :
George Gershwin dies 11 July
M :
Maurice Ravel dies 28 December
1938
VA :
Marc Chagall : The Three Candles
VA :
Marc Chagall : Madonna of the Village
LT :
Broadcast of "The War of the Worlds" causes panic
LT :
Robert Graves: Collected Poems
LT :
Robert Graves: Count Belisarius
M :
Paul Hindemith : Ballet, Nobilissima visione
M :
Arthur Honegger : Oratorio, Cantique des cantiques
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Cantata, Alexander Nevsky
(based on the film score)
M :
Francis Poulenc : Concerto
for organ, strings, and timpani
M :
Carl Orff : Opera, Der Mond
('The Moon')
M :
Samuel Barber : Adagio for Strings
M :
Aaron Copland : Ballet, Billy the Kid
M :
Béla Bartók : Violin Concerto
No.2
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Concerto
'Dumbarton Oaks'
PH :
Hitler marches into Austria; political and geographical union of Germany and Austria proclaimed
PH :
Munich Pact—Britain, France, and Italy agree to let Germany partition Czechoslovakia
DL :
In U.S. the Fair Labor Standards Act establishes minimum wage
PH :
Chile, Venezuela withdraw from the League of Nations
1939
LT :
Archibald MacLeish: America Was Promises
LT :
T S Eliot: The Family Reunion and The Idea of a Christian Society
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: Journey to a War
M :
Paul Hindemith : Violin Concerto
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Les corps glorieux
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : Ballet, Pocahontas
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Serenade to Music
for voices and orchestra
M :
William Turner Walton : Violin Concerto
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Concierto de Aranjuez
for guitar and orchestra
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Variations on a Hungarian Folksong
('The Peacock'), for orchestra
M :
Aaron Copland : Film Score, Of Mice and Men
M :
Aaron Copland : Quiet City, for orchestra
M :
Béla Bartók : Mikrokosmos
for piano
M :
Béla Bartók : String Quartet
No.6
M :
Benjamin Britten : Song cycle, Les Illuminations
M :
Benjamin Britten :
Violin concerto
PH :
Russo-Finnish War begins
DL :
New York World's Fair opens
DL :
Gone with the Wind premieres
PH :
In U.S., Roosevelt submits $1,319-million defence budget, proclaims U.S. neutrality, and declares limited emergency
ST :
Einstein writes FDR about feasibility of atomic bomb
PH :
Hungary, Peru, Spain withdraw from the League of Nations, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is expelled from the League
PH :
Germany invades Poland; occupies Bohemia and Moravia; renounces pact with England and concludes 10-year non-aggression pact with U.S.S.R
LT :
William Butler Yeats dies 18 January
PH :
World War II begins
VA :
Arthur Rackham dies
1940
PH :
Rumania withdraws from the League of Nations
VA :
Stone Age cave paintings found in France
LT :
John Masefield: Basilissa
LT :
T S Eliot: Notes Towards the Definition of Culture
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: Another Time
M :
John Cage : Bacchanale
for prepared piano
M :
Paul Hindemith : Cello Concerto
M :
Paul Hindemith : Ballet, The Four Temperaments
M :
Ernst Bacon : Symphony
No.2 (Americana)
M :
Anton von Webern :
Variations for Orchestra
M :
Anton von Webern : Cantatas
No.1 and No.2
M :
Arthur Honegger :
Solo Violin Sonata
M :
William Turner Walton : Overture, Scapino
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Piano Quintet
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov : Symphonic Dances
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Sonata
No.6
M :
Darius Milhaud : Ballet, Moďse
M :
Zoltán Kodály : Concerto
for orchestra
M :
Samuel Barber : Violin Concerto
M :
Aaron Copland : Film Score, Our Town
M :
Benjamin Britten : Sinfonia da Requiem
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Symphony
in C
PH :
Russo-Finnish War ends; Finns lose one-tenth of territory in peace treaty
PH :
Hitler invades Norway, Denmark (April 9), the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg (May 10), and France (May 12)
PH :
Churchill becomes Britain's prime minister
PH :
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania annexed by U.S.S.R.
DL :
The first official network television broadcast is put out by NBC
PH :
June - Canadian National Resources Mobilisation Act
VA :
Paul Klee dies
1941
LT :
Theodore Roethke: Open House
LT :
Marianne Moore: What Are Years?
LT :
John Masefield: In the Mill
LT :
Robert Graves: The Long Weekend
LT :
ee cummings: Fifty Poems
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Quatour pour la fin du temps
M :
Witold Lutoslawski : Paganini Variations
for two pianos
M :
Sir George Dyson : Concerto
for Violin and Orchestra in E flat
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.7, 'Leningrad'
PH :
Germany attacks the Balkans and Russia
ST :
Manhattan Project (atomic bomb research) begins
PH :
Roosevelt enunciates "four freedoms"    GO !
1942
DL :
T-shirt introduced
LT :
Wallace Stevens: Notes Towards a Supreme Fiction
LT :
Robert Frost: A Witness Tree
M :
John Cage : Credo in Us
M :
Paul Hindemith : Ludus tonalis
M :
Lukas Foss : Oratorio, The Prairie
M :
William Turner Walton : Film Score, The First of the Few
M :
Richard Strauss : Horn Concerto
No.2
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Ode to Napoleon,
for speaker and chamber ensemble
M :
Arnold Schoenberg : Piano Concerto
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Sonata
No.7
M :
Carl Orff : Opera, Die Kluge
('The Clever Woman')
M :
Aaron Copland : A Lincoln Portrait
for speaker and orchestra
M :
Aaron Copland : Ballet, Rodeo
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Symphony
No.1, 'Jeremiah'
M :
Benjamin Britten : A Ceremony of Carols
PH :
Declaration of United Nations signed in Washington on 1 January     GO !
PH :
Nazi leaders attend Wannsee Conference to coordinate the "final solution to the Jewish question", the systematic genocide of Jews known as the Holocaust
ST :
Enrico Fermi achieves nuclear chain reaction
DL :
More than 120,000 Japanese and persons of Japanese ancestry living in western U.S. moved to "relocation centers", some for the duration of the war
PH :
Haiti withdraws from the League of Nations
1943
LT :
Robert Graves: Wife to Mr Milton
LT :
T S Eliot: Four Quartets
M :
John Cage : Tosses as it Is Untroubled
for prepared piano
M :
Paul Hindemith : Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes of Carl Maria von Weber
M :
Ralph Vaughan Williams : Symphony
No.5
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Concierto heroíco
for piano and orchestra
M :
Carl Orff : Cantata, Catulli Carmina
('Songs of Catullus')
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Ballet, Fancy Free
M :
Béla Bartók : Concerto
for Orchestra
M :
Benjamin Britten : Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
PH :
Mussolini deposed
PH :
U.S. President freezes prices, salaries, and wages to prevent inflation
DL :
Income tax withholding introduced in U.S.
PH :
14-24 January - Casablanca Conference: Churchill and Roosevelt meet, Stalin declines
M :
Sergei Rachmaninov dies 28 March
1944
LT :
Marianne Moore: Nevertheless
LT :
ee cummings: 1 x 1
LT :
Wystan Hugh Auden: For the Time Being and The Sea and the Mirror
M :
John Cage : A Book of Music
for two prepared pianos
M :
John Cage : Perilous Night
for prepared piano
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : The Harmony of Morning
for Female Chorus and Small Orchestra
M :
Elliott Cook Carter : Symphony
No.1
M :
William Turner Walton : Film Score, Henry V
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Violin Sonata
No.2
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Ballet, Cinderella
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Piano Sonata
No.8
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Symphony
No.5
M :
Darius Milhaud : Symphony
No.2
M :
Aaron Copland : Ballet, Appalachian Spring
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Musical, On The Town
PH :
Bretton Woods Conference creates International Monetary Fund and World Bank
PH :
Dumbarton Oaks Conference—U.S., British Commonwealth, and U.S.S.R. propose establishment of United Nations
VA :
Edvard Munch dies 23 January
VA :
Wassily Kandinsky dies
1945
ST :
First electronic computer (ENIAC) built
LT :
Robert Frost: A Masque of Reason
M :
John Cage : Three Dances
for two prepared pianos
M :
Pierre Boulez : Douze Notations
M :
Paul Hindemith : Piano Concerto
M :
Richard Strauss : Metamorphosen,
for strings
M :
Dmitry Shostakovich : Symphony
No.9
M :
Sergei Prokofiev : Film Score, Ivan the Terrible
M :
Francis Poulenc : L'histoire de Babar
for narrator and piano
M :
Carl Orff : Die Bernauerin
('Bernauer's Wife'), for voices and orchestra
M :
Darius Milhaud : Suite française
M :
Samuel Barber : Cello Concerto
M :
Béla Bartók : Piano Concerto
No.3
M :
Benjamin Britten : Opera, Peter Grimes
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Ebony Concerto
M :
Igor Stravinsky : Symphony
in Three Movements
M :
Tomaso Albinoni :
Adagio in G minor (arranged by Remo Giazotto)
PH :
FDR dies on 12 April; Harry Truman becomes president    GO !
PH :
Hitler commits suicide 30 April
PH :
Germany surrenders 7 May; V-E Day declared 8 May
PH :
U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima (6 Aug. ) and Nagasaki (9 Aug.)
M :
Pietro Mascagni dies 24 August
PH :
Japan signs official surrender on 2 September : V-J Day     GO !
Witold Lutoslawski : Dance Preludes
for clarinet and piano
M :
Witold Lutoslawski : Concerto
for orchestra
M :
Milton Byron Babbitt : String Quartets
No.1 and No.2
M :
William Turner Walton : Opera, Troilus and Cressida
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Fantasía para un gentilhombre
('Fantasia for a Gentleman'), for guitar and orchestra
M :
Joaquín Rodrigo : Concierto serenata
for harp and orchestra
M :
Aaron Copland : Opera, The Tender Land
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Film music, On the Waterfront
M :
Benjamin Britten : Opera, The Turn of the Screw
PH :
Soviet Union grants sovereignty to East Germany
PH :
Dien Bien Phu, French military outpost in Vietnam, falls to Vietminh army
DL :
U.S. Supreme Court (in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) unanimously bans racial segregation in public schools     GO !
PH :
Eisenhower launches world atomic pool without Soviet Union
PH :
Eight-nation Southeast Asia defence treaty (SEATO) signed at Manila    GO !
DL :
Dr. Jonas Salk starts inoculating children against polio
PH :
Algerian War of Independence against France begins
M :
Charles Ives dies 19 May
VA :
Henri Matisse dies
1955
DL :
Disneyland opens
PH :
Warsaw Pact signed
DL :
McDonald's corporation founded
LT :
Walter de la Mare: A Beginning, and Other Stories
LT :
Robert Graves: The Greek Myths
M :
Olivier Messiaen : Oiseaux exotiques
for piano, wind and percussion
M :
William Turner Walton : Film Score, Richard III
PH :
Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Jordan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nepal, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sri Lanka admitted to the United Nations
PH :
Nikolai A. Bulganin becomes Soviet premier, replacing Malenkov
PH :
Churchill resigns; Anthony Eden succeeds him
PH :
West Germany becomes a sovereign state
PH :
Western European Union (WEU) comes into being
PH :
Argentina ousts Perón
DL :
Rosa Parks refuses to sit at the back of the bus :
Martin Luther King, Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery, Ala., bus system (1 Dec.); desegregated service begins 21 Dec. 1956
LT :
Wallace Stevens dies 2 August
M :
Arthur Honegger dies 27 November
1956
PH :
Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier III of Monaco
PH :
Workers' uprising against Communist rule in Poznan, Poland, is crushed in June; rebellion inspires Hungarian students to stage a protest against Communism in Budapest in Oct. Hungarian rebellion forces Soviet troops to withdraw from Budapest in Oct.
DL :
T.V. remote control invented
LT :
Richard Wilbur: Things of This World
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen : Gesang der Junglinge
(electronic work)
M :
Karlheinz Stockhausen : Zeitmasse
M :
John Cage : Music for Piano
(nos 1-84)
M :
Edgard Varčse : Good Friday Procession in Verges
M :
Elliott Cook Carter :
Variations for Orchestra
M :
Ernst Toch : Third Symphony
M :
William Turner Walton : Cello Concerto
M :
Francis Poulenc : Flute Sonata
M :
Francis Poulenc : Opera, Dialogues des carmélites
M :
Leonard Bernstein : Opera, Candide
PH :
Japan, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia admitted to the United Nations
PH :
Egypt takes control of Suez Canal in July, Israel launches attack on Egypt's Sinai
peninsula and drives toward Suez Canal in Oct., British and French invade Port Said
on the Suez Canal on 5 Nov., Cease-fire forced by U.S. pressure stops British, French, and Israeli advance 6 Nov.
PH :
Imre Nagy announces Hungary's withdrawal from Warsaw Pact; Soviet troops enter and reclaim Budapest in Nov.