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Thomas Traherne
(1636 - 1674)

1636

LT : Thomas Traherne born
M : Heinrich Schütz : Kleine geistliche Concerte Book I
PH : The Emperor Ferdinand II has his son, Archduke Ferdinand, elected Ferdinand III, King of the Romans
PH : Manchus proclaim the Ch'ing Dynasty at Muken
PH : Dutch settle in Ceylon
LT : Italian Fedeli Company performs Commedia dell'art at the Fr. court
RP : Welsh Puritan Roger Williams banished from Mass; established Providence, R.I.; proclaims complete religious freedom
RP : Peter Heylyn: The History of the Sabbath
RP : George Sandys: A Paraphrase Upon the Psalmes
M : Fr. theorist Marin Mersenne publishes his most important work, Harmonie Universelle, with full descriptions of all contemporary musical instruments
ED : Harvard College founded at Cambridge, Mass
DL : Tea appears for the first time in Paris
PH : Beginning of Pequot War    GO !

1637

M : Dietrich Buxtehude born
PH : Ferdinand II dies; succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor by his son Ferdinand III
PH : Bogislav XIV, last Duke of Pomerania dies
PH : William Prynne, Puritan parliamentarian condemned, with Henry Burton and John Bastwick, for seditious writing, to be pilloried and mutilated
PH : Extermination of Christianity in Japan; prohibition of foreign books; European contacts prohibited
RP : Thomas Hobbes: A Briefe of the Art of Rhetorique, based on Aristotle
RP : Introduction of new liturgy into Scotland causes riots
LT : Teatro San Cassiano, first public opera house, opens in Venice
ST : René Descartes: Géométrie
PH : Eng. emigration to America restricted by royal proclamation
DL : Eng. traders established in Canton
ST : Fr. traders settle at St. Louis, at mouth of the Senegal River
DL : Commercial collapse of Dutch tulip trade
LT : Ben Jonson dies 6 August

1638

M : Claudio Monteverdi : Book VIII of Madrigals, Madrigali guerrieri e amorosi ('Madrigals of War and Love') including 'The Combat Between Tancredi and Clorinda')
PH : Elector of Brandenburg moves his capital to Königsberg
PH : Franco-Swed. alliance renewed for three years
LT : Schouwburg Theatre opens in Amsterdam
RP : William Chillingworth: The Religion of Protestants a Safe Way to Salvation
RP : Scot. Covenant drawn up and signed; Charles I abandons liturgy and canons in Scotland
ST : Galileo : Discorsi e Dimonstrazioni Matematiche
RP : Anne Hutchinson, leader of the New England Antinomians, is banished from Boston, Mass, and sets up a community in Rhode Island
DL : New Haven, Conn, founded
DL : Soldier-student becomes a common type in Germany
DL : Torture abolished in England
PH : 21 September - The Treaty of Hartford ends Pequot War: Surviving Pequot are divided as slaves among Indian allies and English, Pequot forbidden to inhabit former Pequot territory, and the name Pequot is to be expunged

1639

M : Heinrich Schütz : Kleine geistliche Concerte Book II
PH : First Bishops' War in Scotland; episcopacy abolished in Scotland
LT : Drury Lane Theatre, London, receives its first patent
ED : Académie Française compiles dictionary of the Fr. language
M : Marco Marazzoli and Vergilio Mazzochi: Chi soffre, speri, first comic opera
ST : Gérard Désargues published his book on modern geometry
ST : William Gascoigne invents micrometer
ST : Jeremiah Horrocks observes the transit of Venus, which he had predicted
ST : Quinine increasingly used for medicinal purposes
DL : English settle at Madras
DL : First printing press in N. America at Cambridge, Mass

1640

M : Claudio Monteverdi : Opera, Il Ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria ('The Return of Ulysses to his Homeland')
PH : Short Parliament (April-May) and Long Parliament (November-1653) in England
PH : Second Bishops' War
PH : Portugal becomes independent under John IV of Braganza
PH : Elector George William of Brandenburg dies; succeeded by the "Great Elector" Frederick William
PH : Sultan Murad IV of Turkey dies; succeeded by Sultan Ibrahim
RP : John Donne: Eighty Sermons (posth.)
RP : John Eliot: Bay Psalm Book, oldest surviving book printed in America
RP : Cornelius Jansen: Augustinus, treatise against Jesuit doctrines (posth.)
RP : John Milton: Of Reformation Touching Church discipline in England
ED : Abo University, Finland, founded
ST : Coke made from coal for first time
ST : James Howell: Dondona's Grove, or The Vocall Forrest, manual of dendrology
ST : John Parkinson: Theatrum botanicum, a herbal
DL : Eng. settlers found Fort St. George in Bengal
DL : First European café opens in Venice
DL : Eight postal lines running in England
VA : Peter Paul Rubens dies

1641

PH : Massacre of the Ulster Protestants; Catholic rebellion in Ireland
RP : René Descartes: Méditations métaphysiques
ED : William Habington: Observations Upon Historie
PH : General Court of Massachusetts Bay Company codifies 100 laws
RP : George Wither: Hallelujah, or Britain's Second Remembrances, collection of hymns
ST : Arsenic prescribed for medicinal purposes for first time
ST : Cotton goods begin to be manufactured in Manchester
DL : Diurnal Occurrences, a weekly periodical issued in London
PH : French settle in Michigan
DL : Théophraste Renaudot publishes his plan for free medical treatment of needy in Paris; three years later faculty of medicine forbids him to practice
VA : Sir Anthony van Dyck dies

1642

M : Claudio Monteverdi : Opera, L'Incoronazione di Poppea ('The Coronation of Poppea')
PH : Charles I marches to Westminster to arrest five members of the Commons; attempt fails; he flees with his family to Hampton Court
PH : Eng. Civil War begins
DL : Inflation in Spain
LT : All theatres in England closed by order of the Puritans
RP : Johann Amos Comenius: A Reformation of Schooles, trans by Samuel Hartlib
RP : Thomas Fuller: The Holy State and the Profane State
RP : Thomas Hobbes: De cive
ED : James Howell: Instruction for Foreign Travel
RP : Thomas Lechford: Plain Dealing, or Newes from New England, political survey
RP : Pope Urban VIII issues bull Universa per Orbem, reducing annual feast days to 32
ST : Abel Tasman discovers Tasmania and New Zealand
ED : University of Ancona founded
DL : Income and property tax introduced in England
DL : Loire-Seine canal finished
DL : Montreal, Canada, founded

1643

PH : Unsuccessful peace talks between the Cavaliers and Roundheads at Oxford
PH : Louis XIII of France dies; succeeded by his five-year-old son Louis XIV with Mazarin as principal minister
PH : Anne of Austria, the Queen Mother, invested with supreme power
PH : Confederation of New England formed     GO !
LT : Molière founds "Illustre Théâtre" in Paris
ED : Sir Richard Baker: A Chronicle of the Kings of England
ED : François Eudes de Mézeray: Histoire de France
RP : John Milton: The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce
ED : William Prynne: The Soveraigne Power of Parliaments and Kingdomes
ED : Roger Williams: Key into the Language of America
ST : Ital. physicist Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer
DL : Christiania Almanack, first Norw. printed book, appears
DL : Coffee drinking becomes popular in Paris
DL : Parcel post established in France
M : Girolamo Frescobaldi dies 1 March
M : Claudio Monteverdi dies 29 November

1644

PH : Queen Christina begins her actual reign in Sweden
PH : Ming dynasty in China ends, Manchu dynasty in power
LT : Pegnitzischer Blumenorden, Ger. poetical society founded at Nuremberg
RP : René Descartes: Principia philosophicae
RP : Henry Hammond: A Practical Catechism
ED : Sir Henry Manwayring: The Seaman's Dictionary
RP : John Milton: Areopagitica, for the freedom of the press
RP : Samuel Rutherford: Lex rex, on the elective nature of the monarchy
RP : Pope Urban VIII dies; Giovanni Battista Pamfili becomes Pope Innocent X
RP : Roger Williams: Queries of Highest Consideration, separation of church and state
VA : Last age of fine Chin. porcelain
DL : Dutch settlement in Mauritius
DL : Tasman charters parts of northern and western Australia (New Holland)

1645

M : Girolamo Frescobaldi : Set of keyboard canzoni (published posthumously)
PH : Michael I, Czar of Russia dies; succeeded by Alexis I
PH : Peace talks open between Holy Roman Empire and France at Münster and Osnabrück
PH : Turk.-Venetian war over Crete
RP : Sirk Kenelm Digby: A Treatise on Bodies and of Man's Soul
RP : Lord Herbert of Cherbury: De causis errorum
M : La Finta Pazza by Francesco Paolo Sacrati given as possibly first opera in Paris
RP : Capuchin monks sail up Congo River
ED : University of Palermo founded
DL : Ordinarie Post-Tidende begins to appear in Stockholm

1646

LT : Henry Vaughan: Poems with the Tenth Satire of Juvenal Englished
PH : Engl. Civil War ends with surrender of Oxford to Roundheads; Parliamentary commissioners present Charles I with the Newcastle Propositions
RP : Jeremy Taylor: A Discourse Concerning Prayer
ST : Ger. mathematician Athanasius Kircher constructs first projection lantern (laterna magica)

1647

M : Heinrich Schütz : Symphoniae sacrae II
PH : Treaty of Ulm
RP : Eng. Civil War: Charles I agrees to abolish episcopacy and restore Presbyterianism
PH : Frederick Henry of Orange dies; succeeded by his son William II of Orange
PH : Revolt against Czar Alexis I in Moscow
RP : Calvinists acknowledged by Lutheran as co-religionists
ED : Thomas May : History of the Long Parliament
RP : Dismissal of Anglican professors at Oxford University
VA : Dresden Academy of Arts founded
ST : Johan Hevel: Selenographia, on the lunar surface
DL : First newspaper advertisement
DL : Yellow fever in Barbados

1648

LT : Robert Herrick: Hesperides
PH : King Christian IV of Denmark dies; succeeded by Frederick III
PH : Naples restored to Span. rule
PH : Outbreak of the Fronde in France
PH : Peace of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War; is condemned by Pope Innocent X (bull Zelo Domus Dei)
PH : John II Casimir succeeds his brother Vladislav IV as King of Poland
RP : George Fox founds the Society of Friends (Quakers)
RP : John Lilburne: The Foundation of Freedom
RP : John Stearne: Confirmation and Discovery of Witchcraft
RP : Sabbatai Zevi, self-proclaimed Messiah, founds a Jewish sect
M : Aria and recitative become two distinct unities in opera
ED : University of Bamberg founded
ST : John Wilkins: Mathematical Magic
DL : Mirrors and chandeliers are being manufactured in Murano

1649

LT : Richard Lovelace: Lucasta
PH : War of the Fronde begins in France; ended by Treaty of Ruel; followed shortly by outbreak of second Fronde
PH : Charles I tried and beheaded; Prince of Wales takes title Charles II and is proclaimed king by the Scots in Edinburgh
PH : England declared a Commonwealth (The Interregnum)
PH : Sultan Ibrahim deposed and murdered; succeeded by his son Mohammed IV
PH : Maryland Assembly passes act of toleration, professing belief in the Holy Trinity    GO !
RP : René Descartes: Les Passions de L'âme
DL : In Great Britain, English becomes language of all legal documents in place of Latin
RP : John Lilburne: An Agreement for the Free People of England
RP : John Milton: The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates , defence of Charles I's execution
ST : Dutch physician Isbrand de Diemerbrock publishes his study of the plague, De peste
PH : Puritan exiles from Virginia settle in Providence, Md.
ST : First Brit. navy frigate, "Constant Warwick", constructed
DL : Free enterprise in England receives state support

1650

LT : Anne Bradstreet: Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America published by her brother without her knowledge
M : Heinrich Schütz : Symphoniae sacrae III
M : Samuel Scheidt : Tablatur-Buch harmonised accompaniments for 100 sacred songs and psalms
PH : Charles II lands in Scotland
PH : Treaty of Nuremberg between the Holy Roman Emperor and Sweden amplifies Peace of Westphalia
LT : Beginning of modern development of Jap. "No" drama
RP : Richard Baxter: The Saints' Everlasting Rest
ED : Mathew Hale: Analysis of the Civil Law
ED : Thomas Hobbes: The Elements of Law, Moral and Political
ED : Gilles Ménage: Dictionnaire étymologique
ED : James Ussher: Annales Veteris et Novi Testamenti (giving beginning of world as 4004 B.C.)
M : Beginning of modern harmony; development of modulation
M : Athanasius Kircher: Musurgia universalis, theory
M : The overture as musical form emerges in two types, Italian and French
DL : Opening of first coffee house in England, at Oxford
DL : First fiacres in Paris
DL : Tea first drunk in England
DL : Sir Richard Weston, Eng. agriculturist, advocates cultivation of turnips
LT : Henry Vaughan: Silex Scintillans

1651

LT : Henry Vaughan: Olor Iscanus
PH : Charles II crowned King of Scots; flees to France after his defeat by Cromwell at Worcester
PH : Parliament votes for release of Condé, Fronde leader
PH : Treaty between Czar Alexis I and the Cossacks
PH : King Louis XIV attains majority
PH : Eng. Navigation Act, gives Eng. ships monopoly of foreign trade    GO !
PH : Yetuna, new shogun of Japan, overcomes two rebellions in Edo
LT : First public "Comedy-house" in Vienna
RP : John Donne: Essays in Divinity (posth.)
RP : Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan, defence of absolute monarchy
RP : Jeremy Taylor Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying
M : The young King Louis XIV of France appears as a dancer in a court ballet
DL : Dutch settle at Cape of Good Hope
ED : Mazarin's library closed by order of the Parlement
ST : Ital. astronomer Giovanni Riccioli introduces in his map of the moon many of the modern names of lunar features
LT : Division of publisher and printer begins in book trade

1652

LT : Henry Vaughan: Solitary Devotions and The Mount of Olives
PH : Eng. Parliament passes Act of Pardon and Oblivion to reconcile Royalists
PH : Provisional Fronde government set up in Paris
PH : Louis XIV re-establishes lawful government, recalling Mazarin
RP : Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac: Cocrate Chrétien, religious dialogues
RP : John Donne: Paradoxes, Problems (posth.)
ED : Hayashi Shunsai: O-Dai-Ichi-Ran, a history of Japan
RP : Gerrard Winstanley: The Law of Freedom in a Platform
M : The minuet comes into fashion at Fr. court
M : First opera house in Vienna
ED : Imperial Ger. Academy of Naturalists founded
ST : Ger. scientist Otto von Guericke invents the air pump
DL : First London coffee house opened in St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill
VA : Artemisia Gentileschi dies
PH : Start of first Anglo-Dutch war

1653

PH : Ferdinand IV becomes King of the Romans
PH : End of Fronde
PH : The "Great Elector" abolishes the estates; establishes a standing army
PH : Peasants' revolt in Bern under Nikolaus Leuenberg
ED : Chetham's Library, Manchester, founded
RP : Blaise Pascal joins the Jansenists at Port-Royal
ED : The London Polyglot Bible (in 10 languages)
ST : Armamentarium chirurgicum, work of Ger. surgeon Johann Schultes on surgical instruments and procedures (posth.)
DL : Izaak Walton: The Compleat Angler
DL : First letter boxes in Paris
M : Johann Pachelbel born 30 August

1654

LT : Henry Vaughan: Flores Solitudinis
PH : Treaty of Westminster ends first Anglo-Dutch war; Dutch recognise Navigation Act
PH : Treaty of Commerce between England and Sweden
PH : Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates on becoming a Roman Catholic; succeeded by her cousin Charles X
PH : Coronation of Louis XIV at Rheims
PH : War between Russia and Poland
DL : Johann Amos Comenius publishes in Nuremberg first picture book for children, Orbis sensualium pictus
RP : John Milton: Defensio secunda
ST : Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat state the theory of probability
DL : Entailor, fee tail, after Span. model, introduced in Germany
M : Samuel Scheidt dies 30 March

1655

LT : Henry Vaughan: Silex Scintillans, second part
PH : Cromwell dissolves Parliament and divides England into 11 districts
RP : Anglican services prohibited in England
PH : Outbreak of first Northern War
ED : Pierre Borel: Tréso des recherches et antiquités Gauloises
RP : Oliver Cromwell readmits Jews into England
ED : William Drummond: A History of the Five Jameses (posth.)
RP : Thomas Fuller: Church History of Britain
RP : Thomas Hobbes: Elementorum philosophia
RP : Pope Innocent X dies; Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII
RP : Thomas Stanley: A History of Philosophy
ST : Chin. scientist and naturalist Ch'en yüan-lung publishes Ko-chih-ching-yüan, on new inventions
DL : First regular newspaper in Berlin

1656

PH : Treaty of Königsberg and Alliance of Marienberg between Sweden and Brandenburg
PH : Second Protectorate Parliament
PH : King John IV of Portugal dies; succeeded by his son Alfonso VI
RP : Manasseh ben Israel: Vindiciae Judaeorum, reply to attacks on Cromwell's readmission of Jews
RP : John Bunyan: Some Gospel Truth Opened
RP : Marchamont Needham: The Excellency of a Free State
RP : Blaise Pascal: Lettres provinciales against Jesuits
RP : Spinoza excommunicated
VA : Academy of Painting in Rome founded
M : Opening of first London opera house
ST : Thomas Wharton describes anatomy of glands
DL : Regiment of grenadier guards formed
DL : Hôpital général, Paris, opens, combining hospital, poorhouse, and factory

1657

LT : Richard Lovelace dies
LT : Henry Vaughan: The Chemist's Key
PH : Emperor Ferdinand III dies; his son Leopold I succeeds him
PH : Oliver Cromwell rejects offer of title "king"
PH : Creation of a new House of Lords increases Cromwell's power
PH : Treaty of Bromberg: Brandenburg allied with Poland against Sweden
RP : Richard Baxter: A Call to the Unconverted
RP : Johann Amos Comenius: Opera didactice omnia
ED : Le Sieur Saunier: L'encyclopédie des beaux esprits, believed to be first reference book with "encyclopédie" in title
ED : Accademia de Cimento founded in Florence
ST : Dutch scientist Christiann Huygens designs first pendulum clocks
DL : Drinking chocolate introduced in London
DL : First stockings and fountain pens manufactured in Paris

1658

PH : Treaty of Roskilde between Sweden and Denmark ends first war
PH : Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, and succeeds him as Mogul Emperor
PH : Charles X begins Second Northern War
PH : Oliver Cromwell dies; succeeded as Lord Protector by his son Richard
PH : Leopold I elected Holy Roman Emperor
PH : Formation of Rhenish League under Fr. protectorate
RP : James Harrington: The Prerogative of Popular Government
ED : Edward Phillips: A New World of Words
RP : Société des missions étrangères founded in Paris
ST : J.R. Glauber: De natura salium
ST : Jan Swammerdam first observes red blood corpuscles
ST : Robert Hooke, naturalist and philosopher, invents the balance spring for watches
DL : Swed. Financier Johann Palmstruck devises first bank note, issued by the Swed. state bank

1659

M : Henry Purcell born
PH : Richard Cromwell resigns
PH : Peace of the Pyrenees between France and Spain
RP : Henry More: The Immortality of the Soul
ED : William Somner: Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum
ST : Eng. physician Thomas Willis describes first typhoid fever
ED : Prussian State Library, Berlin, founded

1660

PH : Charles X of Sweden dies; succeeded by Charles XI
PH : Parliament invites Charles II to return to England (The Restoration)
PH : Peace of Oliva signed, ending war between Austria, Poland, Sweden, and Brandenburg, and recognising the "Great Elector's " sovereignty in E. Prussia
PH : Peace of Copenhagen ends war between Sweden and Denmark
PH : Dan. crown becomes hereditary
LT : Patents granted for reopening of London theatres
RP : James Harrington: Political Discourse
ED : James Howell: Lexicon Tetraglotten, Eng.-Fr.-Ital.-Span. dictionary
DL : Dutch peasants (Boers) settle in S. Africa
DL : Royal African Company founded
DL : Famous "Café Procope" opens in Paris
DL : Water closets arrive from France in England
M : Alessandro Scarlatti born 2 May
VA : Diego Velázquez dies

1661

VA : Alexandre Francois Desportes born
PH : Cardinal Mazarin dies; Louis XIV begins his personal rule
PH : Coronation of Charles II
PH : Peace of Kardis between Russia and Sweden ends Northern War
PH : "Cavalier Parliament" meets
DL : Famine in India, no rain since 1659
PH : Mohammed Kiuprili, Grand Vizier of Turkey dies; succeeded by his son Ahmed Kiuprili
LT : Sir William Davenant, poet and dramatist, opens Lincoln's Inn Theatre, London
RP : John Eliot translates the Bible into Algonquin (first Amer. Bible edition)
RP : Joseph Glanvilil: The Vanity of Dogmatizing
M : Académie Royale de Danse founded by Louis XIV
M : Mathew Lock made court composer to Charles II
M : Edward Lowe: Short Direction for the Performance of Cathedra Servies, to revive organ accompaniment, suppressed during Commonwealth
ST : Robert Boyle: The Skeptical Chymist, with definition of chemical elements
ST : Christian Huyghens invents the manometer for ascertaining elastic forces of gases
ST : John Evelyn: Fumifugium, or the Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London Dissipated, an early attack on air pollution
ED : Kongelige Bibliothek, Copenhagen, founded
VA : Antoine Coypel born 11 March

1662

LT : John Dryden: The Wild Gallant
PH : Elizabeth of Bohemia, "the Winter Queen", dies
PH : Shun Chih, first Manchu Emperor of China dies; succeeded by his son K'ang-hsi
RP : Act of Uniformity gives assent to revised Eng. prayer book
ED : Thomas Fuller: The worthies of England, biographical reference work (posth.)
VA : Louis XIV begins to build palace of Versailles
ED : Founding of the Academia Leopoldina in Vienna
ST : The Royal Society receives charter from Charles II
DL : Last silver pennies minted in London

1663

LT : John Dryden: The Rival Ladies
PH : Turks declare War on Holy Roman Empires
LT : Colbert founds Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres in Paris
LT : The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, opens
RP : Robert Boyle: Concerning the Usefulness of Experimental Philosophy
RP : Lord Herbert of Cherbury: De religione gentilium (posth.)
RP : Writings of Descartes put on the Index
ST : Guericke constructs a frictional electrical machine
ST : John Newton discovers the binomial theorem
DL : First gold guinea pieces coined in England
DL : Hearth tax in England
DL : Turnpike tolls introduced in England

1664

PH : Alliance between France and Brandenburg
PH : Truce of Vasvar between Turks and Austrians
RP : Conventicle Act, against Nonconformists, forbids meetings of more than five people
RP : The Trappist Order founded at La Trappe, Normandy
M : French horn becomes an orchestral instrument
ST : Thomas Willis: Cerebri anatome on the nervous system
DL : "Compagnie des Indes Occidentales" formed to control Fr. trade in Canada, S.America, W.Africa and W. Indies
DL : Introduction of large periwig style
DL : First Royal Marine Regiment
PH : Start of second Anglo-Dutch war

1665

LT : John Dryden: The Indian Emperor
PH : Philip IV of Spain dies; succeeded by his son Charles II
PH : Absolutism introduced into Denmark by Lex Regia
LT : Journal des Savants, first literary periodical, started in Paris
RP : John Bunyan: The Holy City
ED : Codex Theodosianus, ed by Jacques Godefroy
RP : John Eliot: Communion of Churches, privately printed at Harvard, Mass.
RP : Five-Mile Act put restrictions on Nonconformist ministers
ST : Philosophical Transactions, first scientific journal in England
ST : Giovanni Cassini determines rotations of Jupiter, Mars, and Venus
ST : Peter Chamberlen invents midwifery forceps
ST : Francis Grimaldi: Physico-mathesis de lumine (posth.) explains diffraction of light
ST : Robert Hooke: Micrographia, on the microscope
ED : University of Kiel founded
PH : Colony of New Jersey founded
ST : Issac Newton experiments on gravitation; invents differential calculus
ED : First modern census taken in Quebec
ED : Caleb Cheeshateaumuck, first N. Amer. Indian to take an A.B. Degree at Harvard
DL : First issue of the London Gazette
DL : The Prince Archbishop of Münster sells 7,000 of his subjects as solders
DL : The Great Plague of London begins, killing 68,596
VA : Nicolas Poussin dies

1666

PH : France and Dutch declare war on England
PH : Quadruple alliance between Holland, Brandenburg, Brunswick, and Denmark to secure safety of Holland
PH : Treaty of Cleves between Brandenburg and Neubrug for partition of Jülick-Cleves
PH : Hungarian noblemen revolt against Emperor Leopold I
RP : First Armenian Bible printed
RP : John Bunyan: Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
RP : Leibniz: De arte combinatoria
RP : Raskol (Great Schism) breaks out in Russ. Church
RP : John Tillotson: The Rule of Faith
M : Antonio Stradivari labels his first violin
ST : Issac Newton measures the moon's orbit
DL : First Cheddar cheese
DL : Great Fire of London
VA : Gobelin workshops established in Paris by Colbert
DL : Cricket Club founded at St. Alban's , Herfordshire, England
VA : Frans Hals dies

1667

LT : John Dryden: The Maiden Queen, Sir Martin Marall and an adaptation of The Tempest
PH : Truce of Andrusovo ends 13-year war between Russia and Poland
PH : Secret treaty between Louis XIV and Charles II against Spain
PH : War of Devolution begins as Fr. troops invade Netherlands
PH : Shah Abbas II of Persia dies; succeeded by his son Suleiman
PH : Alfonso VI of Portugal banished to the Azores by his brother Pedro, the regent
PH : Peace of Breda between the Dutch, France and England
RP : Pope Alexander VII dies; Giulio Rospigliosi becomes Pope Clement IX
ED : Fr. jurist Guillaume Lamoignon compiles the Code Louis
RP : Leibniz: Nova methodus discendique juris
RP : Samuel Pufendorf: De statu republicae Germanicae
ST : National Observatory, Paris , founded
DL : Fr. army uses hand grenades
PH : Treaty of Breda ends second Anglo-Dutch war
VA : Alessandro Magnasco born

1668

LT : John Dryden: The Mock Astrologer and Tyrannic Love, or the Royal Martyr
PH : Alliance of the Hague signed by English and Dutch
PH : Treaty of Lisbon: Spain recognises independence of Portugal
PH : Brit. East India Company obtains control of Bombay
PH : Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ends War of Devolution between France and Spain
PH : John II Casimir, King of Poland abdicates
PH : Treaty between Louis XIV and Leopold I concerning future partition of Span. realms
RP : Joseph Glanvill: Plus ultra, or Progress of Knowledge since Aristotle
RP : Henry More: Divine Dialogues
RP : William Penn: Sandy Foundation Shaken, questions the doctrine of the Trinity
RP : Sir Josiah Child: Brief Observations Concerning Trade and the Interest of Money
ST : Robert Hooke: Discourse on Earthquakes
ST : Isaac Newton constructs reflecting telescope
DL : Oder-Spree Canal finished
M : François Couperin born 10 November

1669

PH : Michael Wisniowiecki, a Lithuanian, elected King of Poland
PH : John Locke's constitution for Carolina approved, S. Carolina founded    GO !
PH : Venetians lose Crete, their last colonial possession, to the Turks
RP : Aurangzeb bans Hindu religion in India
PH : Last meeting of the Hanseatic League
RP : Pope Clement IX dies
RP : William Penn: No Cross, No Crown
M : Royal patent for founding Académie Royale des Opéras granted
M : Mathew Locke: The Treasury of Musick
ED : Edmund Castell: Lexicon Heptaglotton
ST : Phosphorus prepared for first time
ST : Nicolaus Steno begins the modern study of geology
ST : Jan Swammerdam: History of the Insects
DL : Outbreak of cholera in China
DL : Earliest Fr. trading station in India
VA : Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn dies

1670

LT : John Dryden: first and second parts of Almanzor and Almahide, or the Conquest of Granada
PH : Defensive alliance between France and Bavaria
PH : Treaty of Dover between England and France
PH : Frederick III, King of Denmark, dies; succeeded by Christian V
PH : Rebellion of Ukrainian Cossacks crushed
LT : John Dryden appointed historiographer royal and poet laureate
LT : First Ital. "commedia dell'arte" companies appear in Germany
RP : Cardinal Emilio Altieri becomes Pope Clement X
ED : John Milton: The Historie of Britain
RP : Pascal: Pensées (posth.)
RP : Spinoza: Tractatus theologico-politicus
ST : Paul Amman: Medicina critica
ST : Ital. scientist Giovanni Borelli attempts to use artificial wings for flying
ST : Engl. physician Thomas Willis describes for first time typical symptoms of diabetes
PH : Hudson's Bay Company incorporated by royal charter to trade in region of N. America draining into Hudson Bay
DL : Louis XIV's Minister of War introduces uniforms and paper cartridges in Fr. army
DL : First minute hands on watches

1671

PH : Turks declare war on Poland
RP : First Bible edition in Arabic, printed in Rome
RP : John Bunyan: A Confession of My Faith
ED : Stephen Skinner: Etymologicon linguae anglicanae
M : Paris Opéra opens
ST : Leibniz defines nature and existence of the ether
DL : Eng. Crown resumes direct control of customs system
DL : Founding of the Fr. Senegal Company
M : Tomaso Albinoni born 14 June

1672

LT : John Dryden: Marriage à la Mode and The Assignation, or Love in a Nunnery
DL : Stop of Eng. exchequer; cash payments suspended for 12 months
PH : Declaration of Indulgence issued by Charles II (withdrawn in 1673)
PH : Britain declares war on the Dutch
PH : France declares war on the Dutch
ED : Clarendon Press, official printers of Oxford University, founded
ED : Elias Ashmore: Institutions, Laws, Ceremonies of the Order of the Garter
RP : William Cave: Primitive Christianity
RP : Confessions of faith of the Greek Orthodox Church revived by the Synod of Jerusalem
ED : William Tempel: Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands
DL : Fulham Pottery, London, founded
M : First public concert at Whitefriars, London
ST : Root ipecacuanha introduced for medicinal purposes in Europe
ST : Flexible hose for use in fighting fires introduced
ST : John Josselym: New England's Rarities Discovered, on local flora and fauna
DL : Charter granted to the Royal African Company
PH : Start of third Anglo-Dutch war
LT : Anne Bradstreet dies 16 September
M : Heinrich Schütz dies 6 November

1673

LT : Thomas Traherne: Roman Forgeries
LT : John Dryden: Amboyna
M : Marc-Antoine Charpentier : Incidental music to Molière's play Le Malade imaginaire ('The Hypochondriac')
PH : Test Act excludes Roman Catholics from office in England
PH : After preliminary peace between Brandenburg and France the "Great Elector" promises, in Treaty of Vossen, not to support any enemies of Louis XIV
PH : Emperor Leopold I declares war on France
PH : King Michael of Poland dies
PH : Fr. expedition against Ceylon
ED : Robert Clave; Catalogue of All the Books Printed in England Since the Dreadful Fire of London in 1666
LT : Archpriest Petrovich Avvakum writes his Zhitie, first Russ. autobiography
M : Mathew Locke: The Present Practice of Music Vindicated
ED : University of Innsbruck founded
ST : Stalactic grotto of Antiparos (Aegean Sea) discovered
DL : Financier Richard Hoare founds Hoare's Bank, London
DL : Mitsui family's trading and banking house in Japan founded

1674

LT : Thomas Traherne dies
LT : John Dryden: The State of Innocence
PH : Jan Sobieski elected as Jan III, King of Poland
PH : Sivaji Bhonsla declares himself independent of the Mogul Emperor Aurangzeb; founds Mahratta state and is crowned at Raigarh
PH : Office of Stadholder of the United Provinces becomes hereditary in the House of Orange
LT : Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London, rebuilt after the fire and reopened
ED : Anthony à Wood: Historia et antiquitates universitatis Oxoniensis
RP : Nicolas Malebranch: De la recherche de la vérité
ED : Louis Moreri: Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, first encyclopedic reference work on history
ST : John Mayow: Tractatus quinque medico-physici, on the nature of combustion
ST : Thomas Willis: Pharmaceutice rationalis
LT : Robert Herrick dies in October
Personae

Terms Defined

Referenced Works