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| Percy Bysshe Shelley
(1792 - 1822)
| | LT : | The Old Farmers Almanac is published for the first time | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Remarks on Gilbert Wakefield's Enquiry into . . . Public or Social Worship | | M : | Joseph Haydn :
'London' symphonies (including No.94 'The Surprise')
| | PH : | Peace of Jassy ends war between Russia and Turkey | | PH : | Leopold II of Austria dies; succeeded as Holy Roman Emperor by his son Francis II | | PH : | The Girondists form ministry in France; the royal family imprisoned | | PH : | Gustavus II assassinated in Stockholm Opera House: succeeded as King of Sweden by Gustavus IV | | PH : | France declares war on Austria, Prussia, and Sardinia | | DL : | Denmark is the first nation to abolish the slave trade | | PH : | Two political parties formed in the U.S.: The Republican and the Federalist | | RP : | Baptist Missionary Society founded in London | | RP : | Thomas Paine: Rights of Man, Part II | | RP : | Mary Wollstonecraft: Vindication of the Rights of Women | | ST : | Worlds's first chemical society founded, Philadelphia | | ST : | French engineer Claude Chappe invents mechanical semaphore signal | | ST : | Illuminating gas used in England for the first time | | DL : | Libel Act passed in Britain | | DL : | Dollar coinage minted in U.S. | | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini born 29 February |
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| | | PH : | Reign of Terror in France | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Descriptive Sketches | | LT : | William Blake: America: A Prophecy and Visions of the Daughters of Albion | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Sins of Government, Sins of the Nation | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Marat Assassinated
| | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : Endymion Asleep | | VA : | George Stubbs : William Anderson with Two Saddle-horses
| | PH : | Louis XVI executed | | PH : | Reign of Terror begins | | RP : | Roman Catholicism banned in France | | PH : | Queen Marie Antoinette executed | | PH : | Holy Roman Empire declares war on France | | PH : | Second Partition of Poland | | ED : | Compulsory public education in France from the age of six | | RP : | The Feast of Reason in St. Eustache Church, Paris | | RP : | William Godwin; The Inquiry concerning Political Justice | | RP : | Kant: Religion innherhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft (Religion within the limits of mere reason) | | ST : | Kermadec Islands discovered | | ST : | Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin | | DL : | Board of Agriculture established in Britain | | DL : | U.S. law compels escaped slaves to return to their owners | | VA : | Francesco Guardi dies in January | | LT : | John Clare born 13 July |
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| | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship | | LT : | William Blake: Songs of Innocence and of Experience and The First Book of Urizen | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Self Portrait | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Portrait of Sir John Sinclair | | VA : | William Blake : God as an Architect | | PH : | "Feast of the Supreme Being" in Paris | | PH : | The Commune of Paris abolished | | PH : | Jacobin Club closed | | PH : | Habeas Corpus Act suspended in Britian | | PH : | Agha Mohammed founds the Kajar dynasty in Persia | | PH : | U.S. Navy established | | LT : | Drury Lane Theatre, London, reopened | | ST : | Erasmus Darwin: Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life | | RP : | Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason | | ST : | Adrien Legendre: Elèments de gèomètrie | | ST : | First telegraph, Paris - Lille | | DL : | Slavery abolished in French colonies | | ED : | Ecole Normale founded in Paris | | ED : | Ecole Polytechnique, the word's first technical college, opens in Paris | | LT : | William Cullen Bryant born 3 November |
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| | | LT : | William Blake: The Song of Los | | M : | Joseph Haydn :
Six more 'London' symphonies (including No.100 'The Military', and No.101, 'The Clock'
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Jean-Baptiste Isabey and his Daughter | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Miss Eleanor Urquhart | | PH : | Bread riots and White Terror in Paris | | PH : | Napoleon appointed commander-in-chief, Italy | | PH : | Secret treaty between Austria and Russia for Third Partition of Poland; joined by Prussia | | PH : | Third Partition of Poland | | PH : | King Stanislas II abdicates | | PH : | Treaty of San Lorenzo between U.S. and Spain settles boundary with Florida | | RP : | Freedom of worship in France | | RP : | Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden | | M : | Paris Conservatoire de Musique founded | | ST : | Joseph Bramah invents hydraulic press | | ED : | Institute National, Paris, to replace the abolished academies | | ST : | Metric system adopted in France | | DL : | Speenhamland Act for poor relief in Britain | | VA : | Sir Joshua Reynolds dies 23 February | | LT : | Joseph Rodman Drake born 7 August | | LT : | John Keats born 31 October |
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| | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems on Various Subjects | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Trumpet Concerto
| | PH : | John Adams elected second president of the U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Spain declares war on Britain | | PH : | Agha Mohammed of Persia siezes Khurasan in Khuzistan | | PH : | Kau-Tsung, great Manchu Emperor of China dies, succeeded by Kia-King | | RP : | Louis de Bonald: Thèorie du pouvoir politique et religieux | | RP : | Jean Jacques Cambacérès: Projet de code civil | | RP : | Joseph de Maistre: Considérations sur la France | | RP : | Richard Watson: An Apology for the Bible | | ST : | G.L.C. Cuvier founds the science of comparative zoology | | ST : | C.W.Hufeland: Macrobiotics, or The Art to Prolong One's Life | | ST : | Engl. physician Edward Jenner introduces vaccination against smallpox | | ST : | J.T. Lowitz prepares pure ethyl alcohol | | DL : | Edict of Peking forbids import of opium into China | | DL : | Freedom of press in France | | ED : | Royal Technical College, Glasgow, founded | | VA : | Camille Corot born 16 July |
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| | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems, Second Edition | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Six string quartets
published as Opus 76 (including 'Emperor Quartet')
| | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Belley | | PH : | Napoleon proclaims Venetian Constitution, founds Ligurian Republic in Genoa | | PH : | Peace of Campo Formio between France and Austria | | PH : | Final treaty of Polish partition | | PH : | Frederick William II dies; succeeded as King of Prussia by his son Frederick William III | | PH : | Fath Ali, Shah of Persia | | RP : | Chateaubriand: Essai historique, politique, et moral sur les révolutions | | RP : | Kant: Metaphysik der Sitten | | RP : | Schelling: Idden zu einer Philosophie der Natur | | RP : | Wackenroder and Tieck: Outpourings of a Monk, romantic religious essays | | RP : | William Wilberforce: Practical View of the Religious System | | ST : | Thomas Bewick: British Birds | | ST : | J.L.Langrange: Théorie des fonctions analytiques | | ST : | Ger. astronomer H.W.M.Olbers publishes his method of calculating the orbits of comets | | ST : | Nicolas de Saussure: Recherches chimiques sur la végétation | | DL : | First copper pennies minted in England and first one-pound notes issued | | M : | Franz Schubert born 31 January | | VA : | Joseph Wright of Derby dies 29 August | | M : | Gaetano Domenico Maria Donizetti born 29 November |
|
| | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads | | M : | Joseph Haydn : Oratorio
The Creation
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.1
| | VA : | Joseph Mallord William Turner : Buttermere Lake: A Shower | | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Cupid and Psyche | | PH : | French capture Rome: proclaim Roman Republic; Pope Pius VI leaves the city for Valence | | PH : | Napoleon master of Egypt | | PH : | King Ferdinand IV of Naples declares war on France and enters Rome | | PH : | Treaty of Hyderabad between Britain and the Nizam | | PH : | The last King of Poland, Augustus Stanislas II dies | | RP : | T.R.Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population | | ST : | Ger. inventor Aloys Senefelder invents lithography | | DL : | Income tax of 10% of all incomes over £200 introduced in Britain as wartime measure | | VA : | Gavin Hamilton dies 4 January | | VA : | Eugène Delacroix born 26 April |
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| | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Die Maske
three-act singspiel
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Pathétique Piano Sonata
| | PH : | Austria declares war on France | | PH : | Britain joins Russo-Turk alliance | | PH : | Kingdom of Mysore divided between Britain and Hyderabad | | RP : | Church Missionary Society founded in London | | RP : | Fichte: System der Sittenlehre | | RP : | Herder: Metakritik, attacks Kant and Fichte | | RP : | Schlegel: Geschichte der Poesie der Griechen und Römer | | RP : | Schleiermacher: Reden über die Religion | | ED : | Universities of Cologne and Mainz closed | | ED : | Egyptian Institute founded at Cairo | | ED : | Pestalozzi's school in Burgdorf, Switzerland, opened | | ED : | Rosetta Stone found - deciphering of hieroglyphics now possible |
|
| | | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.1
| | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : Nude Maja | | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Portrait of Madame Récamier | | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Portrait of Lieutenant Colonel William Shirriff H.E.I.C.S.
| | VA : | Sir Henry Raeburn : Lady Anne Torphicen | | VA : | William Blake : Job and his Daughters | | PH : | U.S. federal offices are moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. - the new capital city | | PH : | Napoleon appoints committee of jurists to draw up Civil Code | | RP : | Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti elected Pope Pius VII | | RP : | Fichte: Der geschlossene Handelsstaat | | RP : | Arnold Heeren: European Political Systems | | RP : | Schelling: System des transzendentalen Idealismus | | RP : | Church of United Brethren in Christ founded in the U.S. | | ST : | German physician F.J. Gall founds practice of phrenology | | ST : | William Herschel discovers existence of infrared solar rays | | ED : | Royal College of Surgeons, London, founded | | ST : | Alessandro Volta produces electricity from cell; first battery of zinc and copper plates | | ST : | Eli Whitney makes muskets with interchangeable parts | | DL : | Letter post introduced in Berlin | | DL : | Robert Owen takes over New Lanark mills and starts social reforms |
|
| | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Overture, Musica per la chiesa
| | M : | Joseph Haydn : Oratorio
The Seasons
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Moonlight' Piano Sonata
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.3
| | PH : | Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland comes into force | | PH : | Peace of Lunéville between Austria and France marks the actual end of the Holy Roman Empire | | PH : | Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President of U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Czar Paul I assassinated; succeeded by Alexander I | | RP : | K.F. Gauss: Disquisitiones arithmeticae | | RP : | Hegel and Schelling published the Critical Journal of Philosophy | | ST : | M.F.X. Bichat: Anatomie générale | | ST : | American civil engineer Robert Fulton produces the first submarine "Nautilus" | | ST : | J.J. Lalande catalogues 47,390 stars | | DL : | Bank of France founded | | DL : | The Union Jack becomes official flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | | ST : | Victoria Regia discovered in Amazon Territory | | M : | Vincenzo Bellini born 3 November |
|
| | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Poems | | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.2
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Madame Récamier | | PH : | Napoleon becomes President of Italian Republic | | PH : | Peace of Amiens between Britain and France | | RP : | Jeremy Bentham: Civil and Penal Legislation | | ED : | G.F. Grotefend deciphers Babylonian cuneiform | | RP : | Daniel Webster: The Rights of Neutral Nations in Time of War | | VA : | Period of the Classicist Empire style | | ST : | John Dalton introduces atomic theory into chemistry | | ST : | William Herschel discovers binary stars | | ST : | German naturalist Gottfried Trevinarus coins the term "biology" | | DL : | Peerage published in London by John Debrett | | DL : | The Duke of Richmond introduces horse racing at Goodwood | | DL : | "Health and Morals of Apprentices" Act in Britain | | VA : | George Romney dies 15 November |
|
| | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Mass in G
(lost)
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Kreutzer' Violin Sonata
| | PH : | Swiss cantons regain independence (Act of Mediation) | | PH : | U.S. buys large tract of land from Louisiana Purchase GO ! | | PH : | Second Mahratta War against Sindhia of Gwalior | | RP : | Greek patriot Adamantios Coräes publishes his Present Conditions of Civilisation in Greece | | RP : | Joseph Lancaster: Improvements in Education as it Respects the Industrious Classes | | ST : | Claude Berthollet: Essai de statique chimique | | ST : | Lazare Carnot: Principes fondamentaux de l'équilibre et du mouvement | | ST : | Robert Fulton propels a boat by steam power | | ST : | Henry Shrapnel invents shell | | ST : | Building of Caledonian Canal begins | | ED : | Technical College, Prague, founded | | M : | Adolphe Adam born 24 July | | M : | Hector Berlioz born 11 December |
|
| | | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Waldstein' Piano Sonata
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.3 ('Eroica')
| | VA : | Joseph Mallord William Turner : The Passage
of the St. Gothard | | VA : | Baron Antoine-Jean Gros : Napoleon in the
Pesthouse at Jaffa | | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : Innocence Preferring Love to Wealth
| | PH : | Napoleon, proclaimed emperor by Senate and Tribunate, is crowned in the presence of Pope Pius VII in Paris | | PH : | Francis II assumes the title of Emperor of Austria as Francis I | | PH : | Spain declares war on Britain | | RP : | British and Foreign Bible Society founded in London | | PH : | Code Napoléon promulgated | | ST : | Thomas Brown Inquiry into the Relation of Cause and Effect | | VA : | English Water Colour Society founded | | ST : | Thomas Bewick completes his History of British Birds | | DL : | The first dahlias in England | | M : | Mikhail Glinka born 1 June |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Elegiac Stanzas | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lay of the Last Minstrel | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Mass in D Minor
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Singspiel, Die lustigen Musikanten
| | M : | Nicolò Paganini : 24 Caprices
for solo violin
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Opera, Fidelio
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Appasionata' Piano Sonata
| | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : The Empress Josephine | | VA : | Benjamin West : The Fatal Wounding of Sir Philip Sidney | | PH : | Thomas Jefferson begins his second term as President of U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Treaty of St. Petersburg by Britain and Russia against France, joined by Austria | | PH : | Napoleon crowned as King of Italy in Milan | | PH : | Peace of Pressburg between Austria and France; Bavaria and Württemberg becomes kingdoms | | PH : | Establishment of modern Egypt; Mehemet Ali proclaimed Pasha | | RP : | Hosea Ballou: A Treatise on Atonement | | RP : | Lord Liverpool: Treatise on the Coins of the Realm | | ST : | Rockets, originally constructed by Sir William Congreve, are reintroduced as weapons into the British army | | ST : | F.W.A. Sartürner isolates morphine | | DL : | Napoleon abandons French revolutionary calendar | | ED : | Pestalozzi school at Yverdun, Switzerland | | VA : | Jean-Baptiste Greuze dies 21 March | | M : | Luigi Boccherini dies 28 May |
|
| | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Fugitive Pieces privately printed | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Symphony,
Eb
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Razumovsky' String Quartets
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Violin Concerto
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.4
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony
No.4
| | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Napoleon | | PH : | Joseph Bonaparte named King of Naples | | PH : | Louis Bonaparte named King of Holland | | PH : | Napoleon's Berlin Decree begins "Continental System" | | PH : | Confederation of Rhine founded | | PH : | Peace of Posen: Saxony is made a kingdom | | ED : | J.C. Adelun: Mithridates, a History of Languages and Dialects | | RP : | Fichte: Bericht über die Wissenschaftslehre | | ED : | Institute de France created by combining Académie Française with other academies | | RP : | James Madison: An Examination of the British Doctrine which Subjects to Capture a Neutral Trade not Open in Time of Peace | | RP : | Napoleon establishes a consistorial organisation for Jews in France | | ST : | P.A. Latreille: Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum | | ST : | Sir Francis Beaufort designs scale to indicate wind strength | | LT : | Elizabeth Barret Browning born 6 March | | VA : | George Stubbs dies 10 July | | VA : | Jean Honoré Fragonard dies 22 August |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Poems in two volumes | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Hours of Idleness | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Quintet
for piano, two violins, viola, doublebass
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Quintet
for harp, two violins, viola, cello
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Singspiel, Liebe und Eifersucht
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Symphonies
No.1 and No.2
| | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : Portrait of Count Alexander Osterman-Tolstoy
| | PH : | Treaty of Tilsit between Napoleon, the Czar, and the King of Prussia | | PH : | Jerome Bonaparte becomes King of Westphalia | | PH : | Napoleon ensures dictatorship by suppressing Tribunate | | PH : | Sultan Selim III of Turkey deposed and succeeded by Mustafa IV | | DL : | Baron von Stein emancipates serfs | | PH : | France invades Portugal: dethroned Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil | | RP : | U.S. Evangelical Association, founded by Jacob Albright, holds its first convention | | PH : | Commercial Law Code introduced in France | | RP : | Hegel: Phänomenologie des Geistes | | RP : | Gottlieb Hufeland: New Foundations of Political Economy | | ST : | Charles Bell: System of Comparative Surgery | | ED : | Alexander von Humboldt and Bonpland: Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du nouveau continent, 1799-1804, on Spanish America (first of 30 volumes) | | DL : | Horse racing: First Ascot Gold Cup | | DL : | England prohibits slave trade | | DL : | Street lighting by gas in London |
|
| | | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : The Colossus | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Marmion | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Canzoni
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Opera, Der Trank der Unsterblichkeit
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Für Elise' (completed 1810)
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Symphonies No.5 and No.6
| | VA : | Baron François Gérard : Caroline Murat and her Children | | VA : | Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson : The Entombment of Atala | | VA : | Baron Antoine-Jean Gros : Napoleon on the Battlefield
of Eylau on 9 February 1807 | | VA : | Pierre-Paul Prud'hon : David Johnston | | DL : | U.S. prohibits importation of slaves from Africa | | PH : | Joseph Bonaparte becomes king of Spain, Joachim Murat becomes King of Naples | | PH : | Erfurt Congress | | PH : | Rebellion in Madrid: King Joseph flees; Napoleon takes city | | LT : | Théâtre St. Philippe, New Orleans, opened | | RP : | John Dalton: New System of Chemical Philosophy | | RP : | J.F. Fries: New Critique of Reason | | RP : | Napoleon abolishes the Inquisition in Spain and Italy | | RP : | Schlegel: Von der Sprache und Weisheit der Inder | | ST : | J.L.Gay-Lussac: The Combination of Gases | | ST : | The source of the Ganges River discovered | | DL : | Baronetage published in London by John Debrett | | DL : | Disappearance of fashion of pigtails in men's hair | | ED : | Extensive excavations begin at Pompeii | | DL : | Henry Crabb Robinson, the first war correspondent, sent by The Times of London to Spain to report on the Peninsular War | | VA : | Hubert Robert dies 15 April |
|
| | | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Abbey in an Oak Forest | | VA : | Joseph Marie Vien dies | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Elective Affinities | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: English Bards and Scotch Reviewers | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Piano Trio
| | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Miserere in Bb
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Incidental music
to the play Turandot
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Piano Concerto No.5 ('Emperor')
| | PH : | Treaty of Dardanelles between Britain and Turkey | | PH : | War between France and Austria | | PH : | Peace of Schönbrunn | | PH : | Austria joins Continental System | | PH : | James Madison becomes 4th President of the U.S. GO ! | | PH : | King Gustavus IV of Sweden deposed; succeeded by Charles XIII | | PH : | Marshal Jean Bernadotte elected Crown Prince of Sweden | | PH : | Treaty of friendship between Britain and the Sikhs at Amritsar | | PH : | Napoleon annexes Papal States; Pope Pius VII taken prisoner | | PH : | Ecuador gains independence from Spain | | M : | Felix Mendelssohn born 3 February | | M : | Joseph Haydn dies 31 May | | LT : | Alfred, Lord Tennyson born 6 August |
|
| | | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Morning in the Riesengebirge | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lady in the Lake | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Piano Concerto
No.1
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Overture and incidental music to Egmont
| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Cloister Graveyard in the Snow | | PH : | Napoleon annexes Holland, Hanover, Bremen, Hamburg, Lauenburg, and Lübeck | | PH : | Venezuela breaks away from Spain | | RP : | Lazare Carnot: De la défense des places fortes | | RP : | Société de Amis formed in Geneva by Protestant revivalists | | RP : | Joseph de Maistre: Essay on the Generation of Political Constitutions | | VA : | The "Nazarenes" founded by J.F. Overbeck to revive German religious art | | ST : | Gail and Spurzheim: Anatomie et physiologie du systèm nerveux | | ST : | Samuel Hahnemann founds homeopathy | | ST : | François Appert develops techniques for canning food | | DL : | First public billiards rooms in England at the Piazza, Covent Garden, London | | M : | Frederic Chopin born 1 March | | M : | Robert Schumann born 8 June |
|
| | | LT : | Anna Lætitia Barbauld: Eighteen Hundred And Eleven, A Poem | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Opera, Abu Hassan
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Clarinet Concertos
No.1 and No.2
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Archduke' Piano Trio
| | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Jupiter and Thetis | | PH : | George III of England insane; Prince of Wales becomes Prince Regent | | DL : | Austria bankrupt | | PH : | Paraguay independent of Spain | | RP : | K.A. Böttiger: Kunstmythologie | | PH : | Civil Code introduced in Austria | | RP : | "Great Schism" of Welsh Protestants; two thirds leave Anglican Church | | ED : | Barthold G. Niebuhr: Roman History | | ED : | J.P.A. Récusat: Essai sur la langue et la littérature | | ED : | University of Christiania, Oslo, founded | | ED : | National University of Nicaragua founded | | DL : | John Rennie begins the building of Waterloo Bridge, London | | M : | Prague Conservatoire is opened | | ST : | Amadeo Avogadro: hypothesis of the molecular composition of gases | | ST : | Sir Charles Bell: New Idea of the Anatomy of the Brain | | ST : | S.O. Poisson: Traité de Mécanique | | DL : | French Press Agency founded (later to becomes Agence Havas) | | DL : | "Luddites" destroy industrial machines in North England | | M : | Franz Liszt born 22 October |
|
| | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Childe Harold cantos I and II, published | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Opera, Aurora
| | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Piano Concerto
No.2
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, La scala di seta
('The Silken Ladder')
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
Symphonies No.7 and No.8
| | VA : | Jacques-Louis David : Napoleon in His Study
| | PH : | U.S. declares war on Britain GO ! | | RP : | Baptist Union of Great Britain formed | | ED : | H.F. Genesius: Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary | | RP : | Hegel: Die objective Logik | | RP : | Jews in Prussia emancipated (Hardenberg reforms) | | VA : | Elgin Marbles brought to England | | M : | Founding of Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, Vienna | | VA : | Swiss explorer Burckhardt discovers the Great Temple of Abu Simbel | | ST : | Georges Cuvier: Recherches sur les ossements fossiles de quadrupèdes | | ST : | Humphry Davy: Elements of Chemical Philosophy | | ST : | Philippe Girard invents machine for spinning flax | | ST : | Laplace: Thérie analytique | | DL : | Royal Yacht Squadron founded | | DL : | Gas, Light and Coke Company, London developed by F.A. Winsor | | VA : | Pierre-Etienne-Théodore Rousseau born 15 April | | LT : | Robert Browning born 7 May |
|
| | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Rokeby | | LT : | Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Giaour and The Bride of Abydos | | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, L'italiana in Algeri
('The Italian Girl in Algiers')
| | M : | Nicolò Paganini : Le streghe
('Witches Dance')
| | PH : | Prussia declares war on France | | PH : | Austria declares war on France | | PH : | French expelled from Holland; return of William of Orange | | PH : | Simón Bolivar becomes dictator of Venezuela | | PH : | Mexico declares itself independent | | RP : | J.F. Herbart: Introduction to Philosophy | | RP : | Methodist Missionary Society founded | | RP : | Robert Owen: A New View of Society | | RP : | Schopenhauer: Über die vierfache Wurzel des Satzes vom sureichenden Grunde | | M : | London Philharmonic Society founded | | DL : | Last gold guinea coins issued in England | | M : | The waltz conquers the European ballrooms | | M : | Richard Wagner born 22 May | | M : | Giuseppe Verdi born 10 October |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: The Excursion | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Waverly | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Corsair and Lara published | | M : | Franz Schubert : Song, Gretchen am Spinnerade
('Gretchen and the Spinning Wheel')
| | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : The Third of May, 1808 | | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Grand Odalisque | | VA : | Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres : Raphael
and the Fornarina | | PH : | Napoleon abdicates and is banished to Elba | | PH : | Louis XVIII enters Paris and takes up the throne as his hereditary right | | PH : | Congress of Vienna opens | | PH : | Christian Frederick of Denmark elected King of Norway | | PH : | Treaty of Ghent ends British-American war GO ! | | PH : | Hanover proclaimed a kingdom | | PH : | Lord Hastings, Governor-General of India, declares war on the Gurkhas (Nepal) | | ED : | Chateaubriand: De Buonaparte et le Bourbons | | RP : | Pope Pius VII returns to Rome and restores the Inquisistion | | RP : | Savigny: The Claim of Our Age on Legislation | | VA : | Dulwich Gallery, London, opened | | M : | J.N. Maelzel invents the metronome | | ST : | Berzelius: Theory of Chemical Proportions and the Chemical Action of Electricity | | ST : | M.J.B. Orfila: Toxicologie générale | | ST : | At Killingworth Colliery, George Stephenson constructs the first practical steam locomotive | | DL : | English Statute of Apprentices (1563) repealed | | M : | Johann Friedrich Reichardt dies 27 June | | VA : | Jean-François Millet born 4 October |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Collected Poems | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Guy Mannering | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Lord of the Isles | | LT : | Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Biographia Literaria | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Hebrew Melodies | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Clarinet Quintet
| | M : | Franz Schubert : Songs, Der Erlkönig, Heidenröslein
| | PH : | Napoleon leaves Elba; the "Hundred Days"; Napoleon abdicates again and is banished to St. Helena | | PH : | Swiss Federal Pact ratified; the Confederation now consists of 22 cantons | | PH : | Joachim Murat, King of Naples executed after attempt to regain Naples | | PH : | Brazil declares itself an independent empire | | RP : | Protestant Baseler Missiongesellschaft founded | | RP : | T.R. Malthus: An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent | | ED : | Savigny: History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages | | RP : | Dugald Stewart: Progress of Metaphysical, Ethical, and Political Philosophy | | VA : | The Biedermeier styles arrives | | ST : | Miner's safety lamp invented | | ST : | Augustin Fresnel: research on the diffraction of light | | ST : | Lamarck: Histoire naturelle des animaux | | ST : | L.J. Prout: hypothesis on relation between specific gravity and atomic weight | | DL : | Apothecaries Act forbids unqualified doctors to practice in Britain | | DL : | British income tax ended | | DL : | British road surveyor John Macadam constructs roads of crushed stone | | DL : | Eruption of Sumbawa Volcano in Indonesia - more than 50,000 dead | | ED : | Technological College, Vienna, founded | | VA : | Ernest Meissonier born 21 February |
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| | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Tales of my Landlord | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Childe Harold canto III and The Prisoner of Chillon | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: The Siege of Corinth and Parisina | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann : Opera, Undine
| | M : | Franz Schubert : Symphonies
No.4 'Tragic', and No.5
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, Il barbiere di Siviglia
('The Barber of Seville')
| | PH : | Maria I, Queen of Portugal dies; succeeded by her son, Dom John VI | | PH : | Argentina declared independent | | PH : | Prince Metternich opens Diet of German Confederation at Frankfurt | | RP : | American Bible Society founded | | ED : | Nikolai Karamzin: History of the Russian Empire | | ST : | Sir David Brewster invents kaleidoscope | | ST : | Stethoscope invented | | DL : | Blackwood's Magazine founded, Edinburgh | | DL : | English economic crisis causes large-scale emigration to Canada and U.S. |
|
| | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Rob Roy | | LT : | John Keats: Poems | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Manfred | | LT : | William Cullen Bryant: Thanatopsis | | M : | Franz Schubert : Songs, Die Forelle ('The Trout'), Der Tod und das Mädchen (Death and the Maiden'), An die Musik
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Opera, Armida
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Opera, La gazza ladra
('The Thieving Magpie')
| | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Comic Opera, La Cenerentola
('Cinderella')
| | M : | Nicolò Paganini : Violin Concerto
No.1
| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Cemetery at Dusk | | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : City at Moonrise | | PH : | James Monroe inaugurated as fifth President of the U.S. GO ! | | PH : | Wartburg Festival of revolutionary German students | | RP : | August Böckh: The Public Economy of Athens | | RP : | Lutheran and Reformed Churches in Prussia form Evangelical Union | | RP : | Hegel: Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences | | RP : | H.F.R. de Lamennais: Essai sur l'indifférence en matière de religion | | ED : | Juan Llorente, a former secretary of the Inquisition, publishes his History of the Inquisition in Spain | | RP : | Joseph de Maistre: Du Pape | | ED : | Braccia Nuova begins building of Vatican Museum, Rome | | ST : | Berzelius discovers selenium and lithium | | ST : | Karl Ritter: Geographie in ihrer Beziehung zu Natur und Geschichte | | DL : | Riots in Derbyshire, England, against low wages | | DL : | Opening of Waterloo Bridge, London (replaced 1945) | | VA : | Charles-François Daubigny born 15 February |
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| | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Heart of Midlothian | | LT : | John Keats: Endymion | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Beppo and Childe Harold canto IV | | M : | Giaocchino Antonio Rossini : Opera, Mosè in Egitto
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven :
'Hammerklavier' Piano Sonata
| | VA : | Caspar David Friedrich : Wanderer above the Sea of Fog | | VA : | Jean Louis André Théodore Géricault : Severed Heads | | PH : | Act suspending Habeas Corpus is repealed | | PH : | Charles XIII of Sweden dies; succeeded by Jean Bernadotte as Charles XIV | | PH : | Chile proclaims its independence | | PH : | Border between Canada and U.S. agreed upon | | ED : | Bonn University founded | | ED : | Josef Dobrovsky: History of the Czech language | | ED : | Henry Hallam: The View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages | | ED : | Prado Museum, Madrid, founded | | ST : | F.W. Bessel: Fundamenta Astronomiae, catalog of 3,222 stars | | ST : | Berzelius publishes molecular weights of 2,000 chemical compounds | | ST : | Cadmium discovered | | DL : | British Order of St. Michael and St. George instituted by the Prince Regent | | DL : | "Savannah" becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic (26 days) | | M : | Charles-François Gounod born 18 June |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Peter Bell and The Waggoner | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Bride of Lammermoor, Ivanhoe, and A Legend of Montrose | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Mazeppa and Don Juan cantos I and II | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Invitation to the Dance
for piano (later orchestrated by Berlioz)
| | M : | Franz Schubert : 'Trout' Quintet
| | VA : | Jean Louis André Théodore Géricault : The Raft of the Medusa | | VA : | John Crome : Yarmouth Beach | | PH : | Florida purchased by U.S. from Spain | | PH : | Bolivar becomes President of Colombia | | RP : | Georg Hermes: Philosophical Introduction to Christian Theology | | RP : | Jean Sismondi: Nouveaux principes d'economie politique | | ST : | Mitscherelich discovers isomorphism | | ST : | David Napier constructs the flat-bed cylinder for printing | | ST : | Danish physicist Hans Oersted discovers electromagnetism | | DL : | Opening of Burlington Arcade, Piccadilly, London | | VA : | Mehemet Ali presents Cleopatra's Needle to Britain | | DL : | Freedom of the press in France | | DL : | Maximum 12-hour working day for juveniles in England | | M : | Franz von Suppé born 18 April | | LT : | Walt Whitman born 31 May | | VA : | Gustave Courbet born 10 June | | M : | Jacques Offenbach born 20 June | | M : | Clara Wieck Schumann born 13 September |
|
| | | LT : | John Clare: Poems Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery | | LT : | Elizabeth Barret Browning: Battle of Marathon | | LT : | William Blake: Jerusalem | | VA : | John Constable : Dedham Lock and Mill | | VA : | Henry Fuseli : Solitude at Dawn | | PH : | Revolution in Spain - King Ferdinand VII forced to restore Constitution of 1812 | | PH : | King George III of England dies; succeeded by Prince Regent as George IV | | DL : | U.S. Land Law fixes land price at a minimum of $1.25 per acre | | RP : | Thomas Brown: Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind | | RP : | Thomas Erskine: Internal Evidence for the Truth of Revealed Religion | | RP : | J.J. Görres: Germany and the Revolution | | RP : | Jesuits driven out of Rome | | RP : | T. R. Malthus: Principles of Political Economy | | VA : | Discovery of the Venus de Milo | | ST : | André Ampère: Laws of the Electrodynamic Action | | DL : | Washington Colonization Society founds Liberia for repatriation of Negros | | VA : | Benjamin West dies 11 March | | LT : | Joseph Rodman Drake dies 21 September |
|
| | | VA : | Francisco José de Goya Y Lucientes : The Great He-Goat | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: Kenilworth | | LT : | John Clare: The Village Minstrel | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Marino Faliero, Don Juan cantos III-V, Cain, The Two Foscari, and Sardanapalus | | VA : | John Constable : Study of Clouds at Hampstead | | VA : | John Constable : The Hay Wain | | M : | Carl Maria von Weber : Opera, Der Freischütz
| | PH : | James Monroe begins second term as U.S. president | | PH : | Revolution in Piedmont: Victor Emmanuel abdicates, names his brother Charles Felix successor | | PH : | Reign of Terror begins between Greeks and Turks | | PH : | Peru proclaimed independent from Spain, followed by Guatemala, Panama, and Santo Domingo | | ED : | Ecole des Chartes founded in Paris for historical studies | | RP : | George Grote: Statement of the Question of Parliamentary Reform | | RP : | Hegel: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts | | ED : | Champollion deciphers Egyptian hieroglyphics using Rosetta Stone | | ST : | Faraday discovers fundamentals of electromagnetic rotation | | ST : | T.J. Seebeck discovers thermoelectricity | | ST : | Sir Charles Wheatstone demonstrates sound reproduction | | DL : | London Co-operative Society founded | | DL : | Manchester Guardian founded | | LT : | John Keats dies 23 February | | VA : | John Crome dies 22 April |
|
| | | LT : | William Wordsworth: Ecclesiastical Sketches | | LT : | Sir Walter Scott: The Fortunes of Nigel and Halidon Hill | | LT : | George Gordon, Lord Byron: Vision of Judgment | | VA : | Eugène Delacroix : Dante and Virgil
in Hell | | M : | Franz Schubert : Fantasia
in C, 'Wanderer' Fantasy
| | M : | Franz Schubert : Symphony
No.8, 'Unfinished'
| | M : | Ludwig van Beethoven : Mass
in D (Missa Solemnis)
| | VA : | William Blake : The Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins | | PH : | Greeks adopt liberal republican constitution and proclaim independence | | PH : | Augustin de Iturbide elected Emperor of Mexico | | PH : | Brazil becomes independent of Portugal | | PH : | Congress of Verona opens to discuss European problem | | PH : | Bottle riots in Dublin, viceroy attacked by Orangemen | | ED : | Colebrooke founds Royal Asiatic Society (study of Eastern languages) | | RP : | Jean B. J. Fourier: Thèorie analytique de la chaleur | | ST : | J.V. Poncelet: Traité des propriétés projectives des figures on projective geometry | | M : | Royal Academy of Music, London, founded | | VA : | Daguerre and Bouton invent the diorama, paintings illuminated in dark room to give illusion of reality | | ST : | A.J. Fresnel perfects lenses for lighthouses | | DL : | Streets of Boston, Mass., lit by gas | | DL : | Sunday Times, London, founded | | M : | Franz Strauss born 26 February | | M : | ErnstTheodor Amadeus Hoffmann dies 25 June | | LT : | Mathew Arnold born 24 December |
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