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Geoffrey Chaucer
(1343 - 1400)

1345

DL : Bankruptcy of the great Florentine banking house of Bardi and Peruzzi

1347

PH : Cola di Rienzi, tribune of the people, rules Rome from April until December
PH : Louis IV dies; Charles IV of Luxembourg succeeds him as emperor
DL : Black Death devastates Europe

1348

PH : Edward III founds the Order of the Garter
ED : Prague University founded by Charles IV
ED : Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, founded

1349

RP : Persecution of the Jews in Germany
DL : Black Death kills a third of population of England

1350

PH : Philip VI of France dies; succeeded by John II
PH : Treaty of Bautzen: Charles IV cedes Brandenburg and Tirol to the Wittelsbachs
M : Cambrai, instead of Paris, becomes centre of French music
M : Lute playing popular in Europe
M : Mastersinger movement in Germany
DL : The Shogun of Japan prohibits the drinking of tea

1351

M : Jean de Muris dies
PH : Zurich joins Swiss League
PH : Firoz Shah, Sultan of Delhi
PH : Leopold III, Duke of Austria
DL : Tennis becomes an open-air game in England

1352

PH : Glarus and Zug join Swiss League
RP : Pope Innocent VI
ED : Corpus Christi College, Oxford, founded

1353

PH : Bern joins Swiss League
PH : Rupert I elector palatine

1354

ST : The mechanical clock at Strasbourg Cathedral

1355

PH : Charles IV of Luxembourg crowned emperor at Rome

1356

PH : Charles IV issues "Golden Bull", settling election of Ger. kings

1357

PH : Revolution in Paris against the Dauphin, led by Marcel and Robert le Coq

1358

PH : The Hapsburgs, twice defeated at Zurich, sign peace treaty with Swiss League

1359

PH : Treaty of London restores Fr. possessions once held by Henry II of England to Eng. crown

1360

PH : Treaty of Calais between Edward III and Philip of Burgundy
M : Beginnings of the development of the clavichord and cembalo
DL : The first francs coined in France

1361

DL : Black Death reappears in England
M : Philippe de Vitry dies 9 June

1362

PH : Dmitri IV Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow
RP : Pope Urban V

1363

PH : Timur the Lame (Tamerlaine) begins conquest of Asia
ST : Guy de Chauliac: Chirugia magna (on surgery in the Middle Ages)

1364

PH : John II of France dies; succeeded by Charles V
PH : Revolts in Crete against Venetian rule
M : Guillaume de Machaut: La Messe Notre Dame

1365

PH : Charles V crowned King of Burgundy at Arles
PH : Leopold III, Duke of Austria
ED : Founding of Vienna University

1366

PH : Adrianople made Turkish capital
PH : English Parliament refuses to pay feudal dues to the pope

1368

PH : Mongol Yüan dynasty in China overthrown by national Ming dynasty
PH : Timur ascends throne of Samarkand
PH : Restoration of the Great Wall of China

1369

DL : Building of the Bastille, Paris

1370

PH : Casimir III of Poland, last of the House of Piasts dies; Louis of Hungary elected king
RP : Pope Gregory XI
DL : Steel crossbow used as weapon of war
VA : Approximate date of birth of the Limbourg Brothers

1371

PH : Robert II, King of Scots: accession of the House of Stewart

1372

RP : Oxford becomes the spiritual centre of England

1373

DL : Tunnage and poundage imposed on merchants in England

1375

PH : Truce of Bruges between England and France

1376

PH : The Black Prince dies
PH : Wenceslas, son of Charles IV, crowned King of the Romans

1377

PH : Edward III dies; succeeded by his grandson Richard II     GO !
RP : Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome; end of the Church's "Babylonian Captivity"
M : The musicians of the papal chapel, Avignon, return with the court; beginnings of Rome as the centre of music
DL : Playing cards displace dice in Germany
M : Guillaume de Machaut dies 13 April

1378

PH : Renewal of Anglo-Fr. war
PH : Charles IV of Luxembourg dies; succeeded by Wenceslas IV
RP : The Great Schism begins: after the death of Pope Gregory XI, two popes elected; Urban VI at Rome, Clement VII at Avignon

1379

PH : Treaty of Neuberg: Albert III and Leopold III divide Hapsburg territories between them
ED : William of Wykeham founds New College, Oxford

1380

PH : Charles V of France dies; succeeded by Charles VI, the Mad
VA : Robert Campin, artist, born

1381

PH : Anglo-Fr. truce for six years
PH : Peasants' Revolt in England under Wat Tyler
PH : Venice wins the "hundred years war" against Genoa

1384

PH : Anglo-Scot. war renewed
PH : Jadviga, daughter of King Louis I, crowned "king" of Poland

1385

PH : Anglo-Fr. war renewed
DL : The first Fr. court ball at the wedding of Charles VI and Isabella of Bavaria

1386

PH : Leopold III of Austria defeated and killed by the Swiss and Sempach
PH : Grand Prince Jagiello of Lithuania marries Jadviga and becomes Vladislav II, King of Poland
ED : Heidelberg University

1387

PH : Sigismund of Brandenburg, son of Charles IV, becomes King of Hungary by marriage
VA : Artist Fra Angelico is born

1388

ED : Cologne University founded

1389

PH : Truce between England, Scotland, and France
PH : Bajazet I, Emir of the Turks
RP : Pope Boniface IX elected at Rome

1390

PH : Robert III, King of Scots

1391

PH : Charles VI seized with madness; his brother Louis becomes Duke of Orleans
PH : Succession dispute in Japan: the Ashikagas become shoguns of Muromachi

1395

PH : Irish rulers do homage to Richard II, receive amnesty

1396

PH : Richard II of England marries Isabella of France at Calais; Anglo-Fr. truce extended to 28 years
LT : Manuel Chrysoloras opens Greek classes in Florence: beginning of revival of Greek literature in Italy

1397

PH : Union of Kalmar between Sweden, Denmark, and Norway
VA : Paolo di Dono (Uccello) is born
M : Francesco Landini dies 2 September

1399

PH : Richard II deposed: Henry of Lancaster, son of John of Gaunt, succeeds to the throne as Henry IV
VA : Rogier van der Weyden is born

1400

ST : Alchemy becomes more and more a field for swindlers
M : First mention of the dulcimer
VA : Early Renaissance period
ED : Jean Froissart: Chronicles
LT : Earliest known literature written in Cornish tongue
LT : Flourishing of the ecclesiastical drama in Italy
PH : Ascent of the Medici in Florence
PH : Wenceslas IV deposed and succeeded by Rupert III of the Palatinate
PH : Richard II murdered    GO !
PH : Henry IV suppresses rebellion of the barons
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